ASTM D2151-95(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Staining of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Compositions by Rubber Compounding Ingredients (Withdrawn 2003)
Standard Practice for Staining of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Compositions by Rubber Compounding Ingredients (Withdrawn 2003)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice measures the tendency for staining of a poly(vinyl chloride) composition to occur due to migration into the plastic of a staining antioxidant (or other compounding additive) from rubber with which it is in intimate contact.
1.2 This practice may be used to determine relative staining resistance of vinyl compounds by testing them against a single standard rubber composition (Note 1). It may also be used to compare relative staining tendencies of two or more rubber compositions by testing them against a single standard poly(vinyl chloride) composition.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1--The preparation of suggested standard compositions is described in the Appendix X1. This procedure may also be applicable to determine stain resistance of plastic materials other than poly(vinyl chloride) in contact with rubber.
Note 2--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 2151 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Staining of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Compositions by Rubber
Compounding Ingredients
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3186 Test Method for Rubber—Evaluation of SBR
(Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) Mixed with Carbon Black or
1.1 This practice measures the tendency for staining of a
Carbon Black and Oil
poly(vinyl chloride) composition to occur due to migration into
G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
the plastic of a staining antioxidant (or other compounding
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
additive) from rubber with which it is in intimate contact.
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.2 This practice may be used to determine relative staining
resistance of vinyl compounds by testing them against a single
3. Significance and Use
standard rubber composition (Note 1). It may also be used to
3.1 Compounding ingredients used in the manufacture of
compare relative staining tendencies of two or more rubber
rubber can migrate into some vinyl compositions in contact
compositions by testing them against a single standard poly-
with the rubber. These materials can then cause staining of the
(vinyl chloride) composition.
vinyl either immediately, or under the action of ultraviolet
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
light. This latter behavior is especially likely when certain
standard.
antioxidants migrate into the vinyl. Although they may be
NOTE 1—The preparation of suggested standard compositions is de-
relatively colorless in their pure state, the action of light can
scribed in the Appendix X1. This procedure may also be applicable to
transform these antioxidants into chromophoric agents.
determine stain resistance of plastic materials other than poly(vinyl
chloride) in contact with rubber.
NOTE 3—Vinyl compositions containing lead, cadmium, mercury, or
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
antimony compounds may stain when in contact with rubber due to the
formation of colored sulfides. This type of stain is due to chemical
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
interaction between ingredients in the rubber and the vinyl compounds.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Sulfide stain tendencies of vinyl compositions can be determined by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Practice D 1712.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 For Test Specimen Preparation— A mill, a press, and
2. Referenced Documents
other auxiliary equipment for the preparation of test specimens.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Oven—An oven of the forced-air or convection type,
D 925 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Staining of Sur-
having the following characteristics:
faces (Contact, Migration and Diffusion)
4.2.1 Control the oven by an accurate thermoregulator,
D 1249 Specification for Octyl Ortho-Phthalate Ester Plas-
maintaining set point within 60.5°C (0.9°F) or better.
ticizers
4.2.2 Equip the oven with a calibrated ASTM thermometer,
D 1712 Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Stain-
and the proper stem correction shall be applied to the tempera-
ing
ture measurement.
D 1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
4.2.3 Maintain the oven at the temperature of test for at least
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
1 h prior to insertion of the test specimens.
4.2.4 Determine the uniformity of temperature over the area
on which the specimens are to be aged by means of thermo-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
couple readings prior to the start of the test.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
4.3 Weights—Weights (for example, lead shot in a suitable
published as D 2151 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2151 – 89.
This edition contains changes in Sections 1 and 10 to include an ISO equivalency
statement and Keywords.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Discontinued: see 2000 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2151
flat-bottom container) to exert a pressure of 10 g/cm on the specimen. Place the required weight on top of the rubber test
test specimens.
specimen.
4.4 Light Source—Intense light sources such as those de-
8.2 Place the test assembly in the oven for 20 h at 70°C
scribed in Practice G 23 shall be used.
(158°F).
8.3 Separate the test assembly, examine the vinyl specimen,
5. Sampling
and note
...
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