Air filters for general ventilation - Part 2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow resistance (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

Luftfilter für die allgemeine Raumlufttechnik - Teil 2: Ermittlung des Fraktionsabscheidegrades und des Durchflusswiderstandes (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

Dieser Teil von ISO 16890 legt die Aerosolherstellung, die Prüfmittel und Prüfverfahren fest, die zur Ermittlung des Fraktionsabscheidegrads und des Strömungswiderstands von Luftfilter für die allgemeine Raumtechnik verwendet werden.
Er ist für die Anwendung in Verbindung mit ISO 16890 1, ISO 16890 3 und ISO 16890 4 vorgesehen.
Das in diesem Teil der ISO 16890 beschriebene Prüfverfahren ist für Volumenströme zwischen 0,25 m3/s (900 m3/h, 530 ft3/min) und 1,5 m3/s (5 400 m3/h, 3 178 ft3/min) anwendbar, bei einem Prüfstand mit einer nominellen Anströmfläche von 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch).
ISO 16890 (alle Teile) bezieht sich auf Partikelluftfilterelemente für die allgemeine Raumlufttechnik mit einem ePM1-Abscheidegrad von weniger als oder gleich 99 % und einem ePM10-Abscheidegrad von mehr als 20 % bei der Prüfung nach den in ISO 16890 (alle Teile) festgelegten Verfahren.
ANMERKUNG   Die untere Grenze für dieses Prüfverfahren liegt bei einem ePM10-Mindest-Abscheidegrad von 20 %, da es für ein Prüffilterelement unterhalb dieses Niveaus schwer wird, die Anforderungen an die statistische Gültigkeit von diesem Verfahren zu erreichen.
Luftfilterelemente, die sich nicht in dieser Aerosolfraktion befinden, werden nach anderen anwendbaren Prüfverfahren bewertet (siehe ISO 29463 (alle Teile)).
Filterelemente, die in tragbaren Raumluftreinigern verwendet werden, sind vom Anwendungsbereich dieses Teils der ISO 16890 ausgeschlossen.
Die Leistungsergebnisse, die entsprechend ISO 16890 (alle Teile) ermittelt wurden, können nicht für sich allein dazu verwendet werden, den Abscheidegrad und die Lebensdauer im realen Betrieb quantitativ vorauszubestimmen.

Filtres à air de ventilation générale - Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la résistance à l'écoulement de l'air (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

Zračni filtri pri splošnem prezračevanju - 2. del: Merjenje frakcijske učinkovitosti in odpornosti proti toku zraka (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

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Current Stage
4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
Due Date
01-Sep-2020
Completion Date
01-Sep-2020

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
01-julij-2020

Zračni filtri pri splošnem prezračevanju - 2. del: Merjenje frakcijske učinkovitosti in

odpornosti proti toku zraka (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

Air filters for general ventilation - Part 2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow

resistance (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)
Luftfilter für die allgemeine Raumlufttechnik - Teil 2: Ermittlung des
Fraktionsabscheidegrades und des Durchflusswiderstandes (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)

Filtres à air de ventilation générale - Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la

résistance à l'écoulement de l'air (ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 16890-2
ICS:
91.140.30 Prezračevalni in klimatski Ventilation and air-
sistemi conditioning systems
oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 16890-2
ISO/TC 142 Secretariat: UNI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-06-09 2020-09-01
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 2:
Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow
resistance
Filtres à air de ventilation générale —

Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la résistance à l'écoulement de l'air

ICS: 91.140.30
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................... vi

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. viii

Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePM ......... viii

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................................2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .................................................................................................................5

4.1 Symbols ...............................................................................................................................................................5

4.2 Abbreviated terms ..........................................................................................................................................7

5 General test requirements ...........................................................................................................................7

5.1 Test device requirements .............................................................................................................................7

5.2 Test device installation .................................................................................................................................7

5.3 Test rig requirements ....................................................................................................................................7

6 Test materials ...................................................................................................................................................8

6.1 Liquid phase aerosol ......................................................................................................................................8

6.1.1 DEHS test aerosol .............................................................................................................................................8

6.1.2 DEHS/DES/DOS - formula .............................................................................................................................8

6.1.3 DEHS properties ...............................................................................................................................................8

6.1.4 Liquid phase aerosol generation ...............................................................................................................8

6.2 Solid phase aerosol .........................................................................................................................................9

6.2.1 Potassium chloride (KCl) test aerosol ......................................................................................................9

6.2.2 KCl - formula ......................................................................................................................................................9

6.2.3 KCl properties ...................................................................................................................................................9

6.2.4 Solid phase aerosol generation ............................................................................................................... 10

6.3 Reference aerosols ....................................................................................................................................... 11

6.3.1 Reference aerosol for 0,3 µm to 1,0 µm ................................................................................................ 11

6.3.2 Reference aerosol for 1,0 µm to 10,0 µm ............................................................................................. 11

6.3.3 Other reference aerosols ........................................................................................................................... 11

6.3.4 Matching criteria ........................................................................................................................................... 11

6.4 Aerosol loading .............................................................................................................................................. 11

7 Test equipment .............................................................................................................................................. 11

7.1 Test rig .............................................................................................................................................................. 11

7.1.1 Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

7.1.2 Construction materials ............................................................................................................................... 12

7.1.3 Test rig shape ................................................................................................................................................. 12

7.1.4 Test rig air supply ......................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1.5 Test rig isolation ........................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1.6 D/S mixing orifice ......................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1.7 Aerosol sampling .......................................................................................................................................... 14

7.1.8 Test rig air flow rate measurement ....................................................................................................... 16

7.1.9 Resistance to air flow measurement ..................................................................................................... 16

7.1.10 Non 610 mm × 610 mm (24,0 inch × 24,0 inch) test devices ........................................................ 17

7.1.11 Dust injection testing .................................................................................................................................. 17

7.2 Aerosol particle counter ............................................................................................................................ 18

7.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18

7.2.2 OPC sampled size range .............................................................................................................................. 18

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7.2.3 OPC particle size ranges............................................................................................................................. 18

7.2.4 Sizing resolution ........................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2.5 Calibration ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2.6 Air flow rate ................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2.7 Zero counting ................................................................................................................................................. 19

7.2.8 Dual OPC(s)..................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.3 Temperature, relative humidity ............................................................................................................. 20

8 Qualification of test rig and apparatus ................................................................................................. 20

8.1 Schedule of qualification testing requirements ................................................................................ 20

8.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20

8.1.2 Qualification testing .................................................................................................................................... 20

8.1.3 Qualification documentation ................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 Qualification testing .................................................................................................................................... 21

8.2.1 Test rig — Pressure system testing ....................................................................................................... 21

8.2.2 OPC — Air flow rate stability test ........................................................................................................... 22

8.2.3 OPC — Zero test ............................................................................................................................................ 23

8.2.4 OPC — Sizing accuracy ............................................................................................................................... 23

8.2.5 OPC — Overload test ................................................................................................................................... 23

8.2.6 Aerosol generator — Response time .................................................................................................... 24

8.2.7 Aerosol generator — Neutralizer ........................................................................................................... 24

8.2.8 Test rig — Air leakage test ........................................................................................................................ 25

8.2.9 Test rig — Air velocity uniformity ......................................................................................................... 26

8.2.10 Test rig — Aerosol uniformity ................................................................................................................. 27

8.2.11 Test rig — Downstream mixing .............................................................................................................. 28

8.2.12 Test rig — Empty test device section pressure ................................................................................. 29

8.2.13 Test rig — 100 % efficiency test and purge time .............................................................................. 30

8.2.14 Test rig — Correlation ratio ..................................................................................................................... 30

8.3 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 31

8.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

8.3.2 Test rig — Background counts ................................................................................................................ 32

8.3.3 Test rig — Reference filter test ............................................................................................................... 32

8.3.4 Test rig — Pressure reference test ........................................................................................................ 33

8.3.5 Test rig — Final filter resistance ............................................................................................................ 33

9 Test methods ................................................................................................................................................. 33

9.1 Air flow rate ................................................................................................................................................... 33

9.2 Measurement of resistance to air flow ................................................................................................. 33

9.3 Measurement of fractional efficiency ................................................................................................... 33

9.3.1 Aerosol sampling protocol ........................................................................................................................ 33

9.3.2 Background sampling ................................................................................................................................. 34

9.3.3 Testing sequence for a single OPC .......................................................................................................... 34

9.3.4 Testing sequence for dual OPC testing ................................................................................................. 36

10 Data reduction and calculations ............................................................................................................. 38

10.1 Correlation ratio ........................................................................................................................................... 38

10.1.1 Correlation ratio general ........................................................................................................................... 38

10.1.2 Correlation ratio data reduction ............................................................................................................ 38

10.2 Penetration and fractional efficiency ................................................................................................... 40

10.2.1 Penetration and fractional efficiency general ................................................................................... 40

10.2.2 Penetration data reduction ...................................................................................................................... 40

10.3 Data quality requirements........................................................................................................................ 42

10.3.1 Correlation background counts .............................................................................................................. 42

10.3.2 Efficiency background counts .................................................................................................................. 43

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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
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10.3.3 Correlation ratio ........................................................................................................................................... 43

10.3.4 Penetration ..................................................................................................................................................... 44

10.4 Fractional efficiency calculation ............................................................................................................. 44

11 Reporting results .......................................................................................................................................... 45

11.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 45

11.2 Required reporting elements ................................................................................................................... 45

11.2.1 Report general ............................................................................................................................................... 45

11.2.2 Report values ................................................................................................................................................. 45

11.2.3 Report summary ........................................................................................................................................... 45

11.2.4 Report details ................................................................................................................................................. 47

Annex A (informative) Example ........................................................................................................................... 50

Annex B (informative) Resistance to air flow calculation ........................................................................... 57

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 59

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 142, Cleaning equipment for air and other

gases.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16890-2:2016), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

⎯ definition of light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC) is added in clause 3;

⎯ in 6.3.3 a sentence is added to better clarify that test devices with a media velocity above 20 cm/s

(39,4 ft/min) shall be tested with solid phase aerosol;

⎯ in figure 3, the distance between pressure drop taps and test device (7-8), wrongly indicated as 350

mm is modified into “≥350 mm”.

⎯ in 7.1.6 and in 8.3.3.4 a sentence is added to specify that the D/S mixing orifice shall not be installed

during resistance to airflow measurement;

⎯ aerosol particle counters (APC) and light scattering aerosol particle counter (LSAPC) were added in

7.2.1 as common examples of aerosol particle counter;
⎯ in 7.2.5 the wrong reference to ISO 21501-4 is corrected into ISO 21501-1;

⎯ in 10.3.2 “correlation” is changed into “efficiency” to be consistent with the title of the sub-clause

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020(E)

⎯ in 11.2.3 at 6)- iv) the word “additive” is changed into “adhesive” to be consistent with the template

of figure 11.

⎯ the example of test report in figure A.1 is updated to match the template report of figure 11;

A list of all parts in the ISO 16890 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020(E)
Introduction

The effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health have been extensively studied in the past decades.

The results are that fine dust can be a serious health hazard, contributing to or even causing respiratory

and cardiovascular diseases. Different classes of particulate matter can be defined according to the

particle size range. The most important ones are PM , PM and PM . The U.S. Environmental Protection

10 2,5 1

Agency (EPA), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union define PM as particulate

matter which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 10 µm aerodynamic

diameter. PM and PM are similarly defined. However, this definition is not precise if there is no further

2,5 1

characterization of the sampling method and the sampling inlet with a clearly defined separation curve.

In Europe, the reference method for the sampling and measurement of PM is described in EN 12341.

The measurement principle is based on the collection on a filter of the PM10 fraction of ambient

particulate matter and the gravimetric mass determination (see EU Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22

April 1999).

As the precise definition of PM , PM and PM is quite complex and not simple to measure, public

10 2,5 1

authorities, like the U.S. EPA or the German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt),

increasingly use in their publications the more simple denotation of PM as being the particle size

fraction less or equal to 10 µm. Since this deviation to the above mentioned complex “official” definition

does not have a significant impact on a filter element’s particle removal efficiency, the ISO 16890 series

refers to this simplified definition of PM , PM and PM .
10 2,5 1

Particulate matter in the context of the ISO 16890 series describes a size fraction of the natural aerosol

(liquid and solid particles) suspended in ambient air. The symbol ePM describes the efficiency of an air

cleaning device to particles with an optical diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm. The following particle

size ranges are used in the ISO 16890 series for the listed efficiency values.

Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePM

Efficiency Size range, µm
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤10
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤2,5
2,5
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤1

Air filters for general ventilation are widely used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning applications

of buildings. In this application, air filters significantly influence the indoor air quality and, hence, the

health of people, by reducing the concentration of particulate matter. To enable design engineers and

maintenance personnel to choose the correct filter types, there is an interest from international trade and

manufacturing for a well-defined, common method of testing and classifying air filters according to their

particle efficiencies, especially with respect to the removal of particulate matter. Current regional

standards are applying totally different testing and classification methods which do not allow any

comparison with each other, and thus hinder global trade with common products. Additionally, the

current industry standards have known limitations by generating results which often are far away from

filter performance in service, i.e. overstating the particle removal efficiency of many products. With this

new ISO 16890 series, a completely new approach for a classification system is adopted, which gives

better and more meaningful results compared to the existing standards.

The ISO 16890 series describes the equipment, materials, technical specifications, requirements,

qualifications and procedures to produce the laboratory performance data and efficiency classification

based upon the measured fractional efficiency converted into a particulate matter efficiency (ePM)

reporting system.
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oSIST prEN ISO 16890-2:2020
ISO/DIS 16890-2:2020(E)

Air filter elements according to the ISO 16890 series are evaluated in the laboratory by their ability to

remove aerosol particulate expressed as the efficiency values ePM , ePM and ePM . The air filter

1 2,5 10

elements can then be classified according to the procedures defined in ISO 16890-1. The particulate

removal efficiency of the filter element is measured as a function of the particle size in the range of 0,3 µm

to 10 µm of the unloaded and unconditioned filter element as per the procedures defined in this part of

ISO 16890. After the initial particulate removal efficiency testing, the air filter element is conditioned

according to the procedures defined in ISO 16890-4 and the particulate removal efficiency is repeated on

the conditioned filter element. This is done to provide information about the intensity of any electrostatic

removal mechanism which may or may not be present with the fi
...

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