M/461 - Nanotechnologies,Nanomaterials

This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the continuous drop method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable and inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based size distribution of the released aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm, and
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
This European Standard is applicable to all bulk materials containing nanoparticles or releasing nanoparticles while being handled.
NOTE 1   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2   The methods specified in this European Standard have not been evaluated for nanofibers and nanoplates.

This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the rotating drum method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable, thoracic and inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based size distribution of the released aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm, and
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2   The method specified in this European Standard has not been investigated for the measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials containing nanofibres and nanoplates in terms of number-based dustiness indices or emission rates. However, there is no reason to believe that the number-based dustiness indices or emission rates could not be measured with the rotating drum using the set-up described in this European Standard.

This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of a bulk material that contains or releases nano-objects or submicrometer particles. In addition, it specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling procedure and the method of calculating and presenting the results. Guidance is given on the choice of method to be used.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a)   the quantification of dustiness in terms of health-related index mass fractions,
b)   the quantification of dustiness in terms of an index number and an emission rate, and
c)   the characterization of the aerosol from its particle size distribution and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles.
NOTE 1   Currently, no number-based classification scheme in terms of particle number has been established for particle dustiness release. Eventually, when a large enough number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this European Standard and to introduce a number-based classification scheme.
This European Standard is applicable to all bulk materials, including powders, granules or pellets, containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles.
NOTE 2   The vortex shaker method specified in part 5 of this European Standard has not yet been evaluated for pellets and granules.
NOTE 3   The rotating drum and continuous drop methods have not yet been evaluated for nanofibres and nanoplates.
This European Standard does not provide methods for assessing the release of particles during handling or mechanical reduction of machining (e.g. crushing, cutting, sanding, sawing) of solid nanomaterials (e.g. nanocomposites).

This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the small rotating drum method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based size distribution of the released aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm,
d)   the quantification of the initial dustiness emission rate and the time to reach 50 % of the total particle number released during testing, and
e)   the characterization of the aerosol from its particle size distribution and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing nano-objects or submicrometer particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1   Currently no number based classification scheme in terms of particle number and emission rate has been established for powder dustiness. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2   The small rotating drum method has been applied to test the dustiness of a range of materials including nanoparticle oxides, nanoflakes, organoclays, clays, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic pigments, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. The method has thereby been proven to enable testing of a many different materials that can contain nanomaterials as the main component.

This European Standard provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release nano-objects or submicrometer particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
In addition, this European Standard specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this European Standard enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b)   the determination of the mass-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
c)   the determination of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
d)   the determination of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the size range from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm;
e)   the determination of the number size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm;
f)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron microscopy.
This European Standard is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1    With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this European Standard, dustiness of a series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to 10]). On the basis of this published work, it can be assumed that the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This European Standard is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2   This comes from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus and the small test sample required. Eventually, if future work provides accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that this is possible, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce this application.
NOTE 3   As observed in the pre-normative research Project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this European Standard provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small rotating drum specified in prEN 17199-2:2018 [1], prEN 17199-3:2018 [2] and prEN 17199-4:2018 [3], respectively. It can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4   Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established according to te vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the European Standard and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.

This document specifies the testing instruments and procedure for filtration efficiency of flat sheet filter media against airborne nanoparticles in the 3 – 30 nm range.

This document specifies the testing instruments and procedure for determining the filtration efficiencies of flat sheet filter media against airborne nanoparticles in the range of 3 nm to 30 nm. The testing methods in this document are limited to spherical or nearly-spherical particles to avoid uncertainties due to the particle shape.

This document provides the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of a bulk material that contains or releases respirable NOAA and other respirable particles. In addition, it specifies the environmental conditions, the sample handling procedure and the method of calculating and presenting the results. Guidance is given on the choice of method to be used.
The methodology described in this document enables:
a)   the quantification of dustiness in terms of health related dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the quantification of dustiness in terms of a number-based dustiness index  and a number-based emission rate, and
c)   the characterization of the aerosol from its particle size distribution and the morphology and chemical composition of its particles.
NOTE 1   Currently, no number-based classification scheme in terms of particle number has been established for particle dustiness release. Eventually, when a large enough number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce a number-based classification scheme.
This document is applicable to all bulk materials, including powders, granules or pellets, containing or releasing respirable NOAA ad other respirable particles.
NOTE 2   The vortex shaker method specified in part 5 of this standard series has not yet been evaluated for pellets and granules.
NOTE 3   The rotating drum and continuous drop methods have not yet been evaluated for nanofibres and nanoplates.
This document does not provide methods for assessing the release of particles during handling or mechanical reduction by machining (e.g. crushing, cutting, sanding, sawing) of  nanocomposites.

This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the small rotating drum method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c)   the measurement of the initial number-based emission rate and the time to reach 50 % of the total particle number released during testing,
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm,
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable dustiness mass fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
NOTE 1   The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the pre-normative research [8].
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of particle number and emission rate has been established for powder dustiness. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 3   The small rotating drum method has been applied to test the dustiness of a range of materials including nanoparticle oxides, nanoflakes, organoclays, clays, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic pigments, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. The method has thereby been proven to enable testing of a many different materials that can contain nanomaterials as the main component.

This document describes the methodology for measuring and characterizing the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the vortex shaker method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable dustiness mass fraction,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released respirable aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to 10 µm,
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including nanomaterials in powder form.
NOTE 1    With slightly different configurations of the method specified in this document, dustiness of a series of carbon nanotubes has been investigated ([5] to [10]). On the basis of this published work, it can be assumed that the vortex shaker method is also applicable to nanofibres and nanoplates.
This document is not applicable to millimetre-sized granules or pellets containing nano-objects in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2   The restrictions with regard to the application of the vortex shaker method on different kinds of nanomaterials result from the configuration of the vortex shaker apparatus as well as from the small size of the test sample required. Eventually, if future work will be able to provide accurate and repeatable data demonstrating that an extension of the method applicability is possible, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce further cases of method application.
NOTE 3   As observed in the pre-normative research project [4], the vortex shaker method specified in this document provides a more energetic aerosolization than the rotating drum, the continuous drop and the small rotating drum methods specified in FprEN 17199 2 [1], FprEN 17199 3 [2] and FprEN 17199 4 [3], respectively. The vortex shaker method can better simulate high energy dust dispersion operations or processes where vibration or shaking is applied or even describe a worst case scenario in a workplace, including the (non-recommended) practice of cleaning contaminated worker coveralls and dry work surfaces with compressed air.
NOTE 4   Currently no classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates has been established according to the vortex shaker method. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise the document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.

This document provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the rotating drum method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable, thoracic and inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of respirable particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm, and
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
NOTE 1   The particle size range described above is based on the equipment used during the pre-normative research [4].
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 2   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 3   The method specified in this document has not been investigated for the measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials containing nanofibres and nanoplates in terms of number-based dustiness indices or emission rates. However, there is no reason to believe that the number-based dustiness indices or emission rates could not be measured with the rotating drum method using the set-up described in this document.

This document provides the methodology for measuring the dustiness of bulk materials that contain or release respirable NOAA or other respirable particles, under standard and reproducible conditions and specifies for that purpose the continuous drop method.
This document specifies the selection of instruments and devices and the procedures for calculating and presenting the results. It also gives guidelines on the evaluation and reporting of the data.
The methodology described in this document enables
a)   the measurement of the respirable and, optionally, the inhalable dustiness mass fractions,
b)   the measurement of the number-based dustiness index of particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to  about 1 µm,
c)   the measurement of the number-based emission rate of particles in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 1 µm,
d)   the measurement of the number-based particle size distribution of the released aerosol in the particle size range from about 10 nm to about 10 µm, and
e)   the collection of released airborne particles in the respirable dustiness mass fraction for subsequent observations and analysis by analytical electron microscopy.
This document is applicable to the testing of a wide range of bulk materials including powders, granules or pellets containing or releasing respirable NOAA or other respirable particles in either unbound, bound uncoated and coated forms.
NOTE 1   Currently no number-based classification scheme in terms of dustiness indices or emission rates have been established. Eventually, when a large number of measurement data has been obtained, the intention is to revise this document and to introduce such a classification scheme, if applicable.
NOTE 2   The methods specified in this document have not been evaluated for nanofibers and nanoplates.

This document sets requirements for sampling and treatment of the complex matrices in order to obtain a liquid dispersion with sufficiently high concentration of the nano-objects of interest.
This document provides guidelines for detection and identification of specific nano-objects in complex matrices, such as liquid environmental compartments, waste water and consumer products (e.g. food, cosmetics). This document requires for the identification a priori knowledge of the nature of the nano-objects like their chemical composition. The selected detection and identification methods are based on a combination of size classification and chemical composition analysis. Identification can also be supported, e.g. by additional morphology characterization. Currently only Field Flow Fractionation, Electron Microscopy and single particle Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry fulfil this combination condition.

This document provides protocol guidelines for determining explosivity and flammability characteristics of powders containing manufactured nano-objects. These explosivity and flammability characteristics are needed for safety data sheets for safe storage, handling and transport of any powder.
In particular, this document will provide protocol guidelines concerning:
-   the determination of flammability characteristics of powders containing nano-objects with regard to sensitivity to ignition sources;
-   the ability of a powder containing nano-objects to generate an explosive atmosphere and the assessment of its explosion characteristics.
This document is not suitable for use with recognized explosives, such as gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, it is best to seek expert advice.

This document specifies the testing instruments and procedure for filtration efficiency of flat sheet filter media against airborne nanoparticles in the 20 – 500 nm range.

This document provides guidelines for all waste management activities from the manufacturing and processing of manufactured nano-objects.
The guidelines apply to all actors in the waste management chain, namely MNO manufacturers, MNO modifiers, as well as waste disposal companies and carriers and consignees of WMP-MNOs.
This document does not intend to provide guidelines on the management and disposal of nanocomposites, waste derived from consumer products containing nano-objects or waste containing only naturally occurring or incidental nano-objects. Also excluded from the scope are any waste from non-nanoscale materials resulting from the manufacturing and processing of MNOs.

This document sets requirements for sampling and treatment of the complex matrices in order to obtain a liquid dispersion with sufficiently high concentration of the nano-objects of interest.
This document provides guidelines for detection and identification of specific nano-objects in complex matrices, such as liquid environmental compartments, waste water and consumer products (e.g. food, cosmetics). This document requires for the identification a priori knowledge of the nature of the nano-objects like their chemical composition. The selected detection and identification methods are based on a combination of size classification and chemical composition analysis. Identification can also be supported, e.g. by additional morphology characterization. Currently only Field Flow Fractionation, Electron Microscopy and single particle Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry fulfil this combination condition.

This document provides guidelines for all waste management activities from the manufacturing and processing of manufactured nano-objects.
The guidelines apply to all actors in the waste management chain, namely MNO manufacturers, MNO modifiers, as well as waste disposal companies and carriers and consignees of WMP-MNOs.
This document does not intend to provide guidelines on the management and disposal of nanocomposites, waste derived from consumer products containing nano-objects or waste containing only naturally occurring or incidental nano-objects. Also excluded from the scope are any waste from non-nanoscale materials resulting from the manufacturing and processing of MNOs.

This document provides guidelines for application of Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of specific relevance to manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs), including their use in other products, according to EN ISO 14044:2006. It does not cover incidental nanomaterials.

This document provides protocol guidelines for determining explosivity and flammability characteristics of powders containing manufactured nano-objects. These explosivity and flammability characteristics are needed for safety data sheets for safe storage, handling and transport of any powder.
In particular, this document will provide protocol guidelines concerning:
-   the determination of flammability characteristics of powders containing nano-objects with regard to sensitivity to ignition sources;
-   the ability of a powder containing nano-objects to generate an explosive atmosphere and the assessment of its explosion characteristics.
This document is not suitable for use with recognized explosives, such as gunpowder and dynamite, explosives which do not require oxygen for combustion, or substances or mixtures of substances which may under some circumstances behave in a similar manner. Where any doubt exists about the existence of hazard due to explosive properties, it is best to seek expert advice.

This document specifies the testing instruments and procedure for determining the fractional filtration efficiencies of flat sheet filter medium against airborne nanoparticles in the range of 20 nm to 500 nm. The testing methods in this document are limited to spherical or nearly-spherical particles to avoid uncertainties due to the particle shape.

This European Standard provides a guideline on the implications fo choice of particle metric to express the exposure to nanoaerosols, presents the principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages of various techniques that measure these aerosol metrics and desribes potential problems and limitations.

This European Standard describes different levels of assessment of inhalation exposure to nano-objects and their agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA), as well as the evaluation of the results either as stand-alone assessment or embedded in a tiered approach framework.
While the focus of this European Standard is on the assessment of nano-objects, the approach is applicable for exposure to the associated agglomerates and aggregates, i.e. NOAA, and particles released from nano composites and nano-enabled products.

This document provides guidelines for application of Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of specific relevance to manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs), including their use in other products, according to EN ISO 14044:2006. It does not cover incidental nanomaterials.

This European Standard provides guidelines to assess workplace exposure by inhalation of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). It contains guidance on the sampling and measurement strategies to adopt and methods for data evaluation.
While the focus of this document is on the assessment of nano-objects, the approach is also applicable for exposure to the associated aggregates and agglomerates, i.e. NOAA, and particles released from nanocomposites and nano-enabled products.

This European Standard specifies the use of different metrics for the measurement of exposure by inhalation of NOAA during a basic assessment and a comprehensive assessment, respectively, as described in EN 17058 [1].
This document demonstrates the implications of choice of particle metric to express the exposure by inhalation to airborne NOAA, e.g. released from nanomaterials  and present the principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages of various techniques that measure the different aerosol metrics.
Potential problems and limitations are described and need to be addressed when occupational exposure limit values might be adopted in the future and compliance measurements will be carried out.
Specific information is mainly given for the following metrics/measurement techniques:
-   Number/Condensation Particle Counters by optical detection;
-   Number size distribution/differential mobility analysing systems by electrical mobility;
-   Surface area/electrical charge on available particle surface;
-   Mass/chemical analyses (e.g. Inductively Coupled Plasma atomic Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)) on size-selective samples (e.g. by impaction or diffusion).
This document is intended for those responsible for selecting measurement methods for occupational exposure to airborne NOAA.

This CEN Technical Specification describes a systematic approach to assess potential occupational risks to nano-objects, and their agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) arising from the production and use of nanomaterials and/or nano-enabled products. This approach provides guidance to identify exposure routes, exposed body parts and potential consequences of exposure with respect to skin uptake, local effects and inadvertent ingestion.
This Technical Specification also considers occupational use of nano-enabled personal care products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, but excludes deliberate or prescribed exposure to these products.
This Technical Specification is aimed at occupational hygienists, health and safety professionals, and researchers to assist recognization of potential risks, and their control.

ISO/TS 21623:2017 describes a systematic approach to assess potential occupational risks related to nano-objects and their agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) arising from the production and use of nanomaterials and/or nano-enabled products. This approach provides guidance to identify exposure routes, exposed body parts and potential consequences of exposure with respect to skin uptake, local effects and inadvertent ingestion.
ISO/TS 21623:2017 also considers occupational use of products containing NOAA by professionals, e.g. beauticians applying personal care products, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals, but does not apply to deliberate or prescribed exposure to these products by consumers.
ISO/TS 21623:2017 is aimed at occupational hygienists, researchers and other safety professionals to assist recognition of potential dermal exposure and its potential consequences.

For occupational exposure to ultrafine aerosols and nanoaerosols, exposure metrics like the number and surface area concentration are important. This European Standard provides a guideline to determine the occupational exposure to airborne particles (expressed as number concentration of ultrafine aerosols and nanoaerosols) by use of condensation particle counters (also called CPC’s). Principles of operation, problems of sampling in the workplace environment, calibration, equipment maintenance, measurement uncertainty, and reporting of measurement results are covered. Potential problems and limitations are described and need to be addressed when limit values are fixed in the future and compliance measurements are carried out.

This European Standard gives guidelines on the measurement of the fine particle fraction of the aerosol, especially for the determination of the number concentration of ultrafine aerosols and nanoaerosols at workplaces by use of condensation particle counters (CPC).
This European Standard deals with the CPC's principle of operation, problems of sampling in the workplace environment, aspects for selecting a suitable instrument, limits of application, use of different working fluids and technologies, calibration, equipment maintenance, measurement uncertainty, and reporting of measurement results. Potential problems and limitations which are of relevance for workplace measurements are described.

This Technical Specification provides guidelines for the identification of measurands to characterize nano-objects, and their agglomerates and aggregates and to assess specific properties relevant to the performance of materials that contain them. It provides guidance for relevant and reliable measurement.

This Technical Specification provides guidelines for the identification of measurands to characterize nano-objects, and their agglomerates and aggregates and to assess specific properties relevant to the performance of materials that contain them. It provides guidance for relevant and reliable measurement.