prEN ISO 17636-1

Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 1: Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit Filmen (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Dieses Dokument gilt für die Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Schmelzschweißverbindungen in metallischen Werkstoffen unter Anwendung von Techniken mit industriellen radiographischen Filmen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Schweißverbindungen von Platten und Rohren. Neben der konventionellen Bedeutung umfasst der Begriff "Rohr" in diesem Dokument auch andere zylindrische Körper wie Druckleitungen, Kesseltrommeln und Druckbehälter.
ANMERKUNG Dieses Dokument steht mit den meisten Anforderungen der ISO 5579 [1] im Einklang.
Dieses Dokument legt keine Zulässigkeitsgrenzen für Anzeigen in den Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen fest.
Wenn die Vertragspartner niedrigere Prüfkriterien verwenden, kann die erreichte Güte deutlich niedriger sein als bei strikter Anwendung dieses Dokuments.

Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 1: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de film (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Neporušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Radiografsko preiskušanje - 1. del: Tehnike z rentgenskimi in gama žarki z uporabo filmov (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 25.160.40 - Welded joints and welds
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 121 - Welding
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 121/WG 21 - Testing of welds
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Due Date: 14-Feb-2022
• Completion Date: 14-Feb-2022
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

RELATIONS

• Revised: EN ISO 17636-1:2013 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2013)
• Effective Date: 08-May-2019

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
01-junij-2021
Neporušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Radiografske preiskave - 1. del:
Tehnike z rentgenskmii in gama žarki z uporabo filmov (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray

techniques with film (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 1:

Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit Filmen (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)

Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 1:

Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de film (ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17636-1
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints and welds
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17636-1
ISO/TC 44/SC 5 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-04-16 2021-07-09
Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing —
Part 1:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés — Contrôle par radiographie —
Partie 1: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de film
ICS: 25.160.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

5 Classification of radiographic techniques .................................................................................................................................. 3

6 General preparations and requirements .................................................................................................................................... 4

6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation .................................................................................................................................. 4

6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture ........................................................................................................... 4

6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph .............................................................................................................................. 4

6.4 Identification of radiographs ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.5 Marking ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.6 Overlap of films....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators ....................................................................................................... 5

6.8 E valuation of image quality .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.9 Minimum image quality values ................................................................................................................................................. 6

6.10 Personnel qualification .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7 Recommended techniques for making radiographs ....................................................................................................... 6

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7.2 Test arrangements ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.2.2 Radiation source located in front of the object and with the film at the

opposite side (see Figure 1) ................................................................................................................................... 7

7.2.3 Radiation source located outside the object and film inside (see Figures 2 to 4) ... 8

7.2.4 Radiation source centrally located inside the object and with the film

outside (see Figures 5 to 7) .................................................................................................................................... 9

7.2.5 Radiation source located off-centre inside the object and film outside (see

Figures 8 to 10) ................................................................................................................................................................. 9

7.2.6 Elliptical technique (see Figure 11) .............................................................................................................10

7.2.7 Perpendicular technique (see Figure 12) ................................................................................................11

7.2.8 Radiation source located outside the object and film on the other side

(see Figures 13 to 18) ...............................................................................................................................................11

7.2.9 Technique for different material thicknesses (see Figure 19) ..............................................13

7.3 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source ..............................................................................................................13

7.3.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV...............................................................................................................................13

7.3.2 Other radiation sources ..........................................................................................................................................14

7.3.3 Film systems and metal screens ......................................................................................................................15

7.4 Alignment of beam ............................................................................................................................................................................17

7.5 Reduction of scattered radiation ..........................................................................................................................................17

7.5.1 Metal filters and collimators ...............................................................................................................................17

7.5.2 Interception of backscattered radiation ...................................................................................................17

7.6 Source-to-object distance ...........................................................................................................................................................18

7.7 Maximum area for a single exposure ................................................................................................................................20

7.8 Density of radiograph ....................................................................................................................................................................20

7.9 Processing ................................................................................................................................................................................................21

7.10 Film viewing conditions ...............................................................................................................................................................21

8 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Annex A (normative) Number of exposures which give an acceptable examination of a

circumferential butt weld ........................................................................................................................................................................23

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
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Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values .....................................................................................................................28

Annex C (informative) The maximum tube voltages of Figure 20. .....................................................................................35

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 Welding and allied processes,

Subcommittee SC 5 Testing and inspection of welds, in collaboration with the European Committee for

Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, in accordance with the Agreement

on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This second edition cancels and replaces ISO 17636-1:2013, which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references have been updated;
— the figures have been updated;
— in 6.9 the lower thickness limit for Se-75 applications has been deleted;

— in 7.3.2 the lower thickness limit for Se-75 by agreement of contracting parties has been deleted;

— Update of references to the Figures 1 to 19 in the whole document;

— in 6.7 the usage of ASTM wires and other IQIs by agreement of contracting parties has been added;

— Clarification for measurement of optical density in the weld root;
— Clarification for IQI usage for DWDI technique;

— Addition of the acceptance of shorter wire visibility than 10 mm for pipes with an external diameter

< 50 mm in 6.7 a);
— the document has been editorial revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17636 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)

Official interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page: https://

committee .iso .org/ sites/ tc44/ home/ interpretation .html
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
Introduction

This document specifies fundamental techniques of radiography with the objective of enabling

satisfactory and repeatable results. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and

fundamental theory of the subject, inspection of fusion welded joints with industrial radiographic films.

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)
Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing —
Part 1:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
1 Scope

This document specifies techniques of radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic

materials using industrial radiographic film techniques.

This document applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe” as used

in this document it covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure

vessels.
[1]
NOTE This document complies with most requirements of ISO 5579 .

This document does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs.

If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly

lower than when this document is strictly applied.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing — Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology — Vocabulary

ISO 5580, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements

ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film

systems for industrial radiography

ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic films — Part 2: Control of film processing

by means of reference values

ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Determination of the

image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators

ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Determination of the

image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicators

EN 12543 (all parts), Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems

for use in non-destructive testing

EN 12679, Non-destructive testing — Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources —

Radiographic method
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5576 and the following apply.

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
nominal thickness

nominal thickness of the parent material only where manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken

into account
3.2
penetration thickness change

change of penetrated thickness relative to the nominal thickness due to beam angle

3.3
penetrated thickness

thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on the basis of the nominal

thicknesses of all penetrated walls
3.4
object-to-film distance

distance between the radiation side of the radiographed part of the test object and the film surface

measured along the central axis of the radiation beam
3.5
source size
size of the radiation source or focal spot size
Note 1 to entry: See EN 12679 or EN 12543.
3.6
source-to-film distance
SFD

distance between the source of radiation and the film measured in the direction of the beam

Note 1 to entry: SFD = f + b
where
f source-to-object distance
b object-to-film distance
3.7
source-to-object distance
f (SOD)

distance between the source of radiation and the source side of the test object measured along the

central axis of the radiation beam
3.8
external diameter
nominal external diameter of the pipe
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
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3.9
Region of Interest
RoI

minimum area which should be visible on the radiograph and contains the weld and the heat affected

zone (HAZ) on both sides
3.10
Area of Interest
AoI

minimum area which should be visible on the radiograph and contains the weld, the heat affected zone

HAZ on both sides and all IQIs
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and terms
Symbol Term
b object-to-film distance
b′ object-to-film distance perpendicular to test object
D external diameter
d source size
f source-to-object distance
f′ source-to-object distance perpendicular to test object
f minimum source-to-object distance
min
t nominal thickness
Δt penetration thickness change
w penetrated thickness
F film
IQI image quality indicator
S radiation source
SFD source-to-film distance
NOTE Object-to-film distance (OFD) is equivalent to b.
Object-to-detector distance (ODD) as used in part 2 is equivalent to b.

The source-to-detector-distance (SDD) as used in digital radiography is equivalent to SFD.

The source-to-object distance (SOD) is equivalent to f.
5 Classification of radiographic techniques
The radiographic techniques are divided into two classes:
— Class A: basic techniques;
— Class B: improved techniques.
Class B techniques are used when class A might be insufficiently sensitive.

Radiographic techniques providing higher sensitivity than class B are possible and may be agreed

between the contracting parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters.

The choice of radiographic technique shall be agreed between the contracting parties.

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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-1:2021(E)

If, for technical or industrial reasons, it is not possible to meet one of the conditions specified for class B,

such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be agreed by contracting

parties that the condition selected may be that specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be

compensated by an increase of minimum density to 3,0 or by selection of a better film system class with

a minimum density of 2,6. The other conditions for class B remain unchanged, especially the image

quality achieved (see Tables B.1 to B.12 and 6.9). Because of the better sensitivity compared to class A,

the test specimen may be regarded as being examined to class B. This does not apply if the special SFD

reductions as described in 7.7 for test arrangements 7.2.4 and 7.2.5 (Figures 5 to 10) are used.

6 General preparations and requirements
6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation

WARNING — Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma-rays can be highly

injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate

legal requirements shall be applied.

Local and/or national and/or international regulations and safety precautions when using ionizing

radiation shall be strictly applied.
6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture

In general, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings can cause

difficulty in detecting defects, the surface shall be ground smooth or the coatings shall be removed.

Unless otherwise specified, radiography shall be carried out after the final stage of manufacture, e.g.

after grinding or heat treatment.
6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph

Where the radiograph does not show the weld, high density markers shall be placed on both sides of the

weld outside the region of interest (RoI).
6.4 Identification of radiographs

Symbols shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. The images of these symbols

shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest (RoI) where possible and shall ensure

unambiguous identification of the section. Another identification system may be part of contract

agreement
6.5 Marking

Permanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate the

position of each radiograph (e.g. zero point, direction, identification, measure).

Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the

location may be recorded by means of accurate sketches or photographs.
6.6 Overlap of films

When radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to

ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high density

marker on the surface of the object which is to appear on each film.
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oSIST prEN ISO 17636-1:2021
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6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators

The quality of image shall be verified by use of image quality indicators (IQIs) in accordance with

ISO 19232-1 or ISO 19232-2. ASTM E 747 IQIs may be used if the material group of this document fits

better to the testing task. Tables for the conversion of wire numbers from the documemts ASTM E 747

and ISO 19232-1 can be found in both documents. By agreement between contracting parties, other

image quality indicators with the same radiographic attenuation as the test object and same dimensions

as defined in ISO 19232-1 or ISO 19232-2 may be used.

The IQI used shall be placed on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of interest on

the parent metal beside the weld. The identification numbers and, when used, the lead letter F, shall not

be in the area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical. The IQI shall be in

close contact with the surface of the object.

Its location shall be made in a section of uniform thickness characterized by a uniform optical density

on the film.
According to the IQI type used, cases a) and b) shall be considered.

a) When using a wire IQI, the wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and its location shall

ensure that at least 10 mm of the wire length shows in a section of uniform optical density, which is

normally in the parent metal adjacent to the weld. For exposures in accordance with 7.2.6 and 7.2.7

(Figures 11 and 12), the IQI should be placed with the wires across the pipe axis and they should

not be projected into the image of the weld. The visible wire length can be shorter than 10 mm for

external pipe diameters smaller than 50 mm. The visible wire length shall be ≥ 20 % of the external

pipe diameter.

b) When using a step hole IQI, it shall be placed in such way that the hole number required is placed

close to the weld.

For single wall exposures in accordance with 7.2.4 and 7.2.5 (Figures 5 to 10), the IQI type used can be

placed either on the source side or on the film side. If the IQIs cannot be placed at the source side, the

IQIs are placed on the film side and the image quality shall be determined at least once from comparison

exposure with one IQI placed at the source side and one at the film side under the same conditions.

For double wall exposures in accordance with 7.2.6 and 7.2.7 (Figures 11 to 12) the IQI type used shall

be placed on the source side (use Tables B.5 to B.8). By agreement between contracting parties the IQI

may be placed on the film side (use Tables B.9 to B.12).

For double wall exposures in accordance with 7.2.8 (Figures 13 to 16), the IQI type used can be placed

on the film side. When the IQI is placed on the film side refer to the tables B.9 to B.12.

Where the IQIs are placed on the film side, the letter F shall be placed near the IQI and shall be visible in

the radiographic image and this shall be stated in the test report.

The identification numbers and, when used, the lead letter F, shall not be in the region of interest, except

when geometric configuration makes it impractical.

If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced

with identical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value

are likely, the image quality need not be verified for every radiograph. The extent of image quality

verification should be subject to agreement between the contracting parties.

For exposures of pipes with the source centrally located at least three IQIs should be placed equally

spaced at the circumference. The film(s) showing IQI images are then considered representative for the

whole circumference.
6.8 E valuation of image quality
The films shall be viewed in accordance with ISO 5580.
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From the examinat
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