CEN/TC 121 - Welding

This document specifies requirements for classification of rods, wires and deposits in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for tungsten inert gas welding of non-alloy and fine-grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa.
This document is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal.
a)       Components which carry the suffix “system A” are applicable only to rods, wires and deposits classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document.
b)       Components which carry the suffix “system B” are applicable only to rods, wires and deposits classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal in accordance with this document.
c)        Components which have neither the suffix “system A” nor the suffix “system B” are applicable to all rods, wires and deposits classified in accordance with this document.

This document specifies technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes for fusion welding.
This document does not apply to other auxiliary materials such as shielding gases.

This document specifies tools for communication between a purchaser and a supplier of welding consumables within quality systems, such as those based upon ISO 9001.
This document, together with an applicable welding consumable standard (ISO or other), provides a method for preparing the specific details needed for welding consumable procurement which consists of:
a)       the welding consumable classification (selected from the applicable welding consumable standard);
b)       the lot classification (selected from Clause 4);
c)        the testing schedule (selected from Clause 5).
Selection of the specific welding consumable classification, lot classification, and testing schedule depends upon the requirements of the application for which the welding consumable is being procured.
This document does not apply to non-consumable electrodes or shielding gases.

This document, together with EN 746-1, EN 746-2 and EN 746-11, specifies the safety requirements for industrial thermoprocessing equipment ( IThE) with "Open firing oxy-fuel gas welding equipment", as well as the relevant gas distribution and protective systems. This document applies to IThE supplied with fuel gases. IThE in the scope of application of this document shall be able to be operated under the following ambient conditions:
- temperature range;
- during operation: +5°C to +40°C;
- during transportation and storage: -5°C to +55°C;
- relative humidity: up to 90% at 20°C, non-condensing.
This document covers the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events listed in Appendix A for oxy-fuel IThE, associated gas supply systems and protective systems on the basis that they are used as intended and under the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
This document applies to:
- gas distribution system, beginning in the direction of flow with the manually isolation main shut-off valve at the inlet of the thermoprocessing equipment;
- burner, burner assembly and ignition devices, open firing;
- Safety control system (protective system).
This document is applicable to all types of combustion of fuel gases with atmospheric air, compressed air or oxygen. This document also includes necessary requirements for user information. This document does not apply to manual burners, systems for flame spraying and micro soldering torches.
This document does not apply to systems for welding, cutting and associated processes using plasma and laser technology. This document does not cover the hazards arising as a result of the release of flammable substances from the products processed in the IThE.
This document is not applicable to electrical wiring and heavy-current wiring connected upstream of the IThE control cabinet/control panel/protective system.
Noise and optical radiation can cause significant hazards when using gas welding equipment. These are not covered in this document.
This document is not applicable to oxy-fuel IThE, associated gas supply systems and protective systems manufactured before the date of publication of this document in the Official Journal of the EU.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document specifies the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the qualification range for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in Clause 8.
This document specifies the required tests. Additional tests can be required by application standards.
This document applies to the arc welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys in all product forms. Arc welding is covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063:
131 – metal inert gas welding, MIG welding;
14 – tungsten inert gas welding, TIG welding;
15 – plasma arc welding.
The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes.

This document specifies the requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for electromagnetic pulse welding.

This document specifies design requirements for electromagnetic pulse welds and provides design guidelines for electromagnetic pulse welding.

This document specifies a method to determine the capability of a manufacturer to use the electromagnetic pulse welding process for production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements but does not assign those requirements to any specific product or product group.
In this document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document defines terms and definitions related to the electromagnetic pulse welding process. In this document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding operators and also weld setters for electromagnetic pulse welding.
This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.
This document is applicable when qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters is required by the contract or by the application standard.

This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators for metallic materials.
This document gives general provisions on quality requirements for brazing (see Annex A).
This document applies to the following brazing processes according to ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063:2009 with local and global heating:
—    911 Infrared brazing;
—    912 Flame brazing, torch brazing;
—    913 Laser beam brazing;
—    914 Electron beam brazing;
—    916 Induction brazing;
—    918 Resistance brazing;
—    919 Diffusion brazing;
—    921 Furnace brazing;
—    922 Vacuum brazing;
—    923 Dip-bath brazing;
—    924 Salt-bath brazing;
—    925 Flux bath brazing;
—    926 Immersion brazing;
—    972 Arc weld brazing.
This document is not applicable to personnel operating brazing equipment who do not have any direct influence on the quality of the brazed joint, for example, personnel performing exclusively loading/unloading the brazing unit or just initiating the brazing cycle in automatic brazing.
The principles of this document can be applied to other brazing processes and brazing of materials not listed.
This document does not apply to brazing for aerospace applications covered by ISO 11745.

This document specifies the requirements for classification of tubular cored electrodes with or without a gas shield for metal arc welding of high-strength steels in the as-welded condition or in the post-weld heat-treated condition with a minimum yield strength higher than 550 MPa or a minimum tensile strength higher than 590 MPa. One tubular cored electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases, if used with more than one.
This document is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal.
—     Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix “system A” are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified under the system based upon the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal given in this document.
—     Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix “system B” are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes classified under the system based upon the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal given in this document.
—     Subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix “system A” or the suffix “system B” are applicable to all tubular cored electrodes classified under this document.
It is recognized that the operating characteristics of tubular cored electrodes can be modified by the use of pulsed current but, for the purposes of this document, pulsed current is not used for determining the electrode classification.

This document specifies a coding system for the classification and designation of solid and flux-cored solder wire, and the performance requirements to be met by flux-cored wire and its constituents. Requirements for sampling, labelling and packaging are also specified.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the flux content of a sample flux-cored solder wire.

This document provides guidance and specifications for the determination of personal exposure to gases and vapours in welding and allied processes. It applies to the following thermal processes used to join, cut, surface or remove metals:
(111)    Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode); shielded metal arc
welding /USA/
(114)    Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding
(131)    Metal inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(135)    Metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc welding /USA/
(136)    Tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(137)    Tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield; flux cored arc welding /USA/
(141)    Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten arc welding /USA/
(15)      Plasma arc welding;
(31)      Oxy-fuel gas welding; oxy-fuel gas welding /USA/
(52)      Laser beam welding;
(912)    Flame brazing; torch brazing /USA/
(97)      Braze welding;
—     arc and flame gouging;
—     arc and laser cutting processes;
—     flame and plasma cutting processes;
—     metal-spraying (see ISO 4063).
The following gases and vapours which can be produced or be present during welding and allied processes are covered:
—     ozone (O3);
—     carbon monoxide (CO);
—     carbon dioxide (CO2);
—     nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
—     vapours produced in the welding or cutting of metals having paint or other surface coatings.
Fuel, oxidant and shielding gases used in welding and allied processes are not covered.
The general background level of gases and vapours in the workplace atmosphere influences personal exposure, and therefore the role of fixed-point measurements is also considered.

This document specifies a procedure for sampling airborne particles in the breathing zone of a person who performs welding and allied processes (the operator). It also provides details of relevant standards that specify required characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for workplace air measurement, and augments guidance provided in EN 689 on assessment strategy and measurement strategy.
This document also specifies a procedure for making gravimetric measurements of personal exposure to airborne particles generated by welding and allied processes (welding fumes) and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.
Additionally, it provides references to suitable methods of chemical analysis specified in other standards to determine personal exposure to specific chemical agents present in welding fumes and other airborne particles generated by welding-related operations.

This document specifies designations for filler materials for brazing on the basis of their chemical composition. The designation includes their solidus/liquidus temperatures. This document applies to the metallic part of filler materials used in brazing products, for example foils, wires, rods, pastes, flux-coated rods or wires and flux-cored rods or wires.

This document specifies the compositional ranges of a series of filler metals used for brazing. The filler metals are divided into seven classes, related to their composition but not necessarily to the major element present.
NOTE 1        For the major element(s) present, see Annex A.
In the case of composite products, such as flux-coated rods, pastes or plastics tapes, this document covers only the filler metal that forms parts of such products. The melting temperatures given in the tables are only approximate, as they necessarily vary within the compositional range of the filler metal. Therefore, they are given only for information. Technical delivery conditions are given for brazing filler metals and products containing brazing filler metals with other constituents such as flux and/or binders.
NOTE 2        For some applications, such as precious metal jewellery, aerospace and dental, filler metals other than those included in this document are often used. These are covered by other International Standards to which reference can be made.

This document gives guidelines for the implementation of requirements given in the other parts of the ISO 3834 series. It is intended to help users select the appropriate part of the ISO 3834 series. It is expected that users will already be familiar with the ISO 3834 series as a whole.
This document does not provide additional requirements to those in ISO 3834-1 to ISO 3834-5.

This document specifies how a welding procedure can be qualified by using tested welding consumable data. It expands on the requirements given in ISO 15607.
In addition, it gives the range of qualification.
Application of this document is limited to parent material groups 1.1, 8.1, 21, 22.1 and 22.2 in accordance with ISO/TR 15608, which produce acceptable microstructures and properties in the heat-affected zone which do not deteriorate significantly in service.
This document is limited to:
—     butt welds and fillet welds in material of thicknesses t ≤ 40 mm (groups 1.1 and 8.1) and t ≤ 20 mm (groups 21, 22.1 and 22.2);
—     fillet welds with throat thickness a ≥ 1 mm.
This document is not applicable when any of the following is specified for the welded joint:
a)       hardness;
b)       impact properties;
c)        preheating;
d)       controlled heat input;
e)       interpass temperature;
f)         post-weld heat treatment.
The use of this document can also be restricted by an application standard, specification or other documents.

This document applies to types of joint preparation for submerged arc welding with one wire electrode (process 121 according to ISO 4063) on steel.
This document covers only the welding positions PA and PB according to ISO 6947. If PC is used, special preparation is necessary.
This document applies to fully penetrated welds. For partly penetrated welds, types of joint preparation, shapes and dimensions can differ from the listed proposals if they are specified in the relevant application standard or agreed by the parties concerned.

This document specifies requirements for resistance spot welding in the fabrication of assemblies of uncoated and metallic-coated or weldable non-metallic-coated low-carbon steel, comprising two or three sheets of metal, where the maximum single-sheet thickness of components to be welded is within the range 0,4 mm to 3,0 mm.
This document is applicable to welding of sheets of the same or unequal thickness, where the thickness ratio is less than or equal to 3:1.
Welding with the following types of equipment is within the scope of this document:
a)       pedestal welding equipment;
b)       portable welding guns;
c)        automatic welding equipment where the components are fed by robots or automatic feeding equipment;
d)       multi-spot-welding machines;
e)       robotic welding machines.

This document gives the necessary information to explain the requirements referenced in ISO 15607 about the qualification of welding procedures based on previous welding experience.
In addition, it gives the range of qualification.
The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification.

This document specifies a method of testing for deleterious effects that can arise from flux residues after soldering or tinning test coupons. The test is applicable to type 1 and type 2 fluxes, as specified in ISO 9454-1, in solid or liquid form, or in the form of flux-cored solder wire, solder preforms or solder paste constituted with eutectic or near-eutectic tin/lead (Sn/Pb) or Sn95,5Ag3Cu0,5 or other lead-free solders as agreed between user and supplier (see ISO 9453).
This test method is also applicable to fluxes for use with lead-containing and lead-free solders. However, the soldering temperatures can be adjusted with agreement between tester and customer.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all welding operations within the qualification of this document.
Two classes of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by classes A and B. In class A, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in class B.
Procedure tests carried out to class A automatically qualify for class B requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no class is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of class A apply.
NOTE          Class B corresponds to level 1 and class A corresponds to level 2 in accordance with ISO 15614-1.
This document applies to upset (resistance butt) welding and flash welding of any metallic materials in all product forms (e.g. with solid, tubular, flat or circular cross-sections). It covers the following resistance welding processes, as defined in ISO 4063:2023:
—     24 – flash welding, using direct current or alternating current with various movement sequences, constant flashing and pulsed flashing;
—     25 – resistance butt welding (upset welding), using direct current or alternating current with various current and pressure sequences.

This document details a classification of imperfections that can occur in brazing joints. In addition, guidance is provided on quality levels and suggested limits for imperfections are detailed.
For requirements not covered by this document, reference can be made to other sources, such as statutory regulations, codes of practice and technical delivery conditions.
No information is given on how imperfections are to be assessed in individual cases because this depends on the requirements for the particular brazed joint. These imperfections are not always detectable by the use of non-destructive testing alone.
This document covers only imperfections that can occur in connection with brazing without the effect of any additional service loads. Only the type, shape and position of such imperfections are covered; no indication is given of the conditions of occurrence or causes.
For requirements for brazed joints which are relevant and essential to the particular function of the component, reference can be made to the relevant documentation, for example manufacturing documents or procedure sheets.
It is important that these requirements be precisely prescribed and that conformity with them be verifiable. Conformity can be established by testing either the brazed assembly itself or a test piece produced under comparable conditions.
This document does not specify requirements for acceptance levels for imperfections, since these will differ very markedly depending on the application, but it does suggest some quality levels which can be of value in the absence of more detailed information.

This document refers to manual blowpipes and stationary machine blowpipes with free burning flames for heat treatment of work pieces. These blowpipes are, due to their type of construction, designed for special applications and do not fall under the scope of EN ISO 5172:2006  and EN ISO 9012:2011.
This document does not apply to manual and machine cutting blowpipes according to EN ISO 5172:20061.
This document contains technical regulations, specifications and tests.
Blowpipes are intended for gaseous fuels in connection with oxygen, compressed air or aspirated air.
Flow rates are not expressly limited and depend on the thermal process to be performed.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for air-aspirated hand blowpipes.
This document applies to blowpipes for brazing, soldering, heating, fusion and other allied thermal
processes which use a fuel gas and aspirated air (injector-type blowpipes) and are intended for manual
use.
This document is applicable to:
— air-aspirated hand blowpipes which are fed with a fuel gas in the gaseous phase, at a controlled
pressure by a regulator, through a gas supply hose;
— air-aspirated hand blowpipes which are fed with a liquefied fuel gas in the gaseous phase at the
container pressure, through a gas supply hose;
— so-called liquid-phase blowpipes which are fed with a fuel gas in the liquid phase, and where thermal
evaporation takes place within the blowpipe.
It does not apply to blowpipes in which the fuel gas leaves the injector in the liquid phase, or to so-called
“cartridge” blowpipes where the gas supply is fixed directly onto the blowpipe and possibly constitutes
the shank.
NOTE Figures 1 to 4 are given for guidance only, to facilitate the explanation of the terms. They do not
specify the construction details, which are left to the discretion of the manufacturer.

This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels.
This document is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification according to alloy type.
a)       Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to nominal composition-A” or “ISO 3581-A” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
b)       Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to alloy type-B” or “ISO 3581-B” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
c)        Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to either or both systems.
Annex B gives information on considerations on weld metal ferrite content.

This document prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered
electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. The classification of the covered electrodes is
based on the chemical composition of their deposited all-weld metal. It includes those compositions in
which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of taper fits between the following:
—     straight electrodes and electrode holders;
—     electrode adapters connecting electrode caps and electrode holders;
—     female electrode caps and electrode adapters;
—     male electrode caps and electrode adapters.
NOTE            Electrode holders and electrode caps utilizing locking tapers are addressed in ISO 20168.

This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met.
The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used.
General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc.
Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures.
The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other.
Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.

This document specifies safety requirements for transparent welding curtains, strips and screens to be used in workplaces where arc welding is taking place. They are intended to provide protection against harmful levels of optical radiation and spatter for workers who are in the vicinity of arc welding processes but not involved in the welding itself. They are intended to reduce the discomfort glare from the arc but also allow sufficient luminous transmittance to permit a view into the workspace behind.
The transparent welding curtains can also be used in other applications as long as the UV- and blue-light emissions are less than in arc welding and the transmitted infrared irradiance is below applicable exposure limits. They are designed to be used at a distance from the arc of at least 1 m.
Welding curtains, strips and screens specified in this document are not intended to replace welding filters. For intentional viewing of welding arcs, other means of protection are used, see ISO 16321-1 and ISO 16321-2.
This document is not applicable to protection against laser radiation, for which ISO 19818-1 applies.

This document specifies three test methods for investigating brazeability.
A spreading test shows testing method with measurement of the spread area of the filler metals.
A T-joint test describes a scheme to construct a T-shape design by the test pieces and a testing method.
A varying gap test describes a test piece and a testing method for assessing the influence of the various parameters which can influence brazing during manufacture as a function of clearances.

This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods for fusion welding of nickel and nickel alloys. The classification of the solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods is based on their chemical composition. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
The principles of this document can be applied to metal powders for cladding, hard facing and additive manufacturing.

This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate.
This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability.
The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide:
—    specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001;
—    specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001;
—    specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment;
—    specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3;
—    detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.

This document establishes a nomenclature for:
—    welding;
—    brazing, soldering and weld brazing;
—    thermal cutting;
with each process identified by a reference number.
It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes.
This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.

This document specifies quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥ 0,5 mm. It covers fully penetrated butt welds and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.
Quality levels for beam-welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919-1.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld.
Several types of loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion load, pressure load. Additional guidance on fatigue loads is given in Annex B.
The quality levels refer to production and good workmanship.
This document is applicable to:
a)       non-alloy and alloy steels;
b)       nickel and nickel alloys;
c)        titanium and titanium alloys;
d)       manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
e)       all welding positions;
f)         all types of welds, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
g)       the following welding processes and their sub-processes, as defined in ISO 4063:
—     11 metal arc welding without gas protection;
—     12 submerged arc welding;
—     13 gas-shielded metal arc welding;
—     14 gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrode;
—     15 plasma arc welding;
—     31 oxyfuel gas welding (for steel only).
Metallurgical aspects, such as grain size and hardness, are not covered by this document.

This document specifies a method for making transverse root, face and side bend tests on test specimens taken from butt welds, butt welds with cladding (subdivided into welds in clad plates and clad welds) and cladding without butt welds, in order to reveal imperfections on or near the surface of the test specimen which is under tension during bend testing and/or assess ductility. It also gives the dimensions of the test specimen.
In addition, this document specifies methods to be used instead of transverse bend tests with a former for welded joints when base materials, heat affected zones and/or weld metal have a significant difference in their physical and mechanical properties in relation to bending.
This document applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with welded joints made by any welding process.

This document contains terms and definitions applicable to health and safety in welding and allied processes. It is intended to be referenced in other documents dealing with this subject.
In the main body of this document, terms are arranged in systematic order. Indexes are included at the end of this document in which all terms are listed alphabetically in English, French and German, respectively, with reference to the appropriate term numbers and translations of the terms in the other two languages.
NOTE: In addition to text written in the official ISO languages (English and French), this document gives text in German. This text is published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and is given for information only. Only the text given in the official languages can be considered as ISO text.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.

This document specifies the sizes of test specimen and the procedure for carrying out transverse tensile tests in order to determine the tensile strength and the location of fracture of a welded butt joint.
This document applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with joints made by any welded butt joint.

This document specifies three quantitative methods for the determination of the ionic halide (excluding fluoride) content of soldering fluxes. Halides are calculated as chlorides. A useful qualitative test method for the detection of ionic halides is also described.
Method A is a potentiometric titration method for the determination of halide (excluding fluoride) content and is applicable to flux classes 1 and 2, defined in ISO 9454-1. This method, which is considered the reference method for these fluxes, is suitable for halide contents generally within the range of 0,05 % mass fraction to 2 % mass fraction in the non-volatile matter of the flux.
Method B is a titration method for the determination of the total halide (excluding fluoride) content of water-soluble fluxes. It is applicable to flux classes 2122 to 2124, 3112 to 3114 and 3212 to 3214, as defined in ISO 9454-1.
Method C is a titration method for the determination of the halide (excluding fluoride) content of water-soluble fluxes containing phosphates and is applicable to flux class 331, as defined in ISO 9454-1.
Method D is a qualitative test, using silver chromate test paper, for the presence of ionic halides. The technique can be used for all classes of flux.

This document specifies acceptance levels for the phased array ultrasonic testing technique (UT-PA) of full-penetration welds in low-alloy and/or fine-grained steels in the wall thickness range from 3,2 mm to 8 mm which correspond to the quality levels of ISO 5817.
These acceptance levels are applicable to indications detected according to ISO 20601.

This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the content of non-volatile matter in soft soldering fluxes. It is applicable to liquid and paste fluxes of type 1, as defined in ISO 9454-1.

This document specifies the procedures and recommended tooling to be used for peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds. This document applies to welds made in two or more sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm.
The aim of these tests is to determine:
—    weld size and failure mode when welds are destructively tested;
—    verification of welds by non-destructive chisel tests.
NOTE      The preferred method of peel testing seam welds (mechanized peel testing) is covered in ISO 14270.

This document is applicable to welding consumables for hardfacing. The range of application includes surfaces of new structural components, semi-finished products as well as repair of surfaces of structural components which have to resist to mechanical, chemical, thermal or combined stress.
This document specifies requirements for classification of the consumables based on their chemical composition of the all-weld metal of covered electrodes, cored wires, cored rods, cored strips, sintered strips, sintered rods and metal powders and on the chemical composition of solid wires, solid rods, solid strips and cast rods.

This document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by welding, rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes.
The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the cladding and in the region of the interface.
This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.