CEN/TC 121 - Welding

This document provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels but can be used for other materials as appropriate.
This document provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. This document can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability.
The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process. This document is intended to be a flexible framework to provide:
—    specific requirements for heat treatment by manufacturers in order to have a quality system in accordance with ISO 9001;
—    specific requirements for heat treatment in specifications which require the manufacturer to have a quality system other than ISO 9001;
—    specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality control system for heat treatment;
—    specific guidance for post-weld heat treatment for manufacturers adopting ISO 3834-2 or ISO 3834‑3;
—    detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that require control of heat treatment activities.

This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods for fusion welding of nickel and nickel alloys. The classification of the solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods is based on their chemical composition. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
The principles of this document can be applied to metal powders for cladding, hard facing and additive manufacturing.

This document specifies three test methods for investigating brazeability.
A spreading test shows testing method with measurement of the spread area of the filler metals.
A T-joint test describes a scheme to construct a T-shape design by the test pieces and a testing method.
A varying gap test describes a test piece and a testing method for assessing the influence of the various parameters which can influence brazing during manufacture as a function of clearances.

This document establishes a nomenclature for:
—    welding;
—    brazing, soldering and weld brazing;
—    thermal cutting;
with each process identified by a reference number.
It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes.
This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.

This document specifies three quantitative methods for the determination of the ionic halide (excluding fluoride) content of soldering fluxes. Halides are calculated as chlorides. A useful qualitative test method for the detection of ionic halides is also described.
Method A is a potentiometric titration method for the determination of halide (excluding fluoride) content and is applicable to flux classes 1 and 2, defined in ISO 9454-1. This method, which is considered the reference method for these fluxes, is suitable for halide contents generally within the range of 0,05 % mass fraction to 2 % mass fraction in the non-volatile matter of the flux.
Method B is a titration method for the determination of the total halide (excluding fluoride) content of water-soluble fluxes. It is applicable to flux classes 2122 to 2124, 3112 to 3114 and 3212 to 3214, as defined in ISO 9454-1.
Method C is a titration method for the determination of the halide (excluding fluoride) content of water-soluble fluxes containing phosphates and is applicable to flux class 331, as defined in ISO 9454-1.
Method D is a qualitative test, using silver chromate test paper, for the presence of ionic halides. The technique can be used for all classes of flux.

This document specifies quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥ 0,5 mm. It covers fully penetrated butt welds and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.
Quality levels for beam-welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919-1.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld.
Several types of loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion load, pressure load. Additional guidance on fatigue loads is given in Annex B.
The quality levels refer to production and good workmanship.
This document is applicable to:
a)       non-alloy and alloy steels;
b)       nickel and nickel alloys;
c)        titanium and titanium alloys;
d)       manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
e)       all welding positions;
f)         all types of welds, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
g)       the following welding processes and their sub-processes, as defined in ISO 4063:
—     11 metal arc welding without gas protection;
—     12 submerged arc welding;
—     13 gas-shielded metal arc welding;
—     14 gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrode;
—     15 plasma arc welding;
—     31 oxyfuel gas welding (for steel only).
Metallurgical aspects, such as grain size and hardness, are not covered by this document.

This document specifies how a welding procedure can be qualified by using tested welding consumable data. It expands on the requirements given in ISO 15607.
In addition, it gives the range of qualification.
Application of this document is limited to parent material groups 1.1, 8.1, 21, 22.1 and 22.2 in accordance with ISO/TR 15608, which produce acceptable microstructures and properties in the heat-affected zone which do not deteriorate significantly in service.
This document is limited to:
—    parent material thicknesses t ≤ 40 mm (groups 1.1 and 8.1) and t ≤ 20 mm (groups 21, 22.1 and 22.2);
—    fillet welds with throat thickness a ≥ 1 mm.
This document is not applicable when any of the following is specified for the welded joint:
a)      hardness;
b)      impact properties;
c)       preheating;
d)      controlled heat input;
e)      interpass temperature;
f)       post-weld heat treatment.
The use of this document can also be restricted by an application standard, specification or other documents.

This document specifies a method for making transverse root, face and side bend tests on test specimens taken from butt welds, butt welds with cladding (subdivided into welds in clad plates and clad welds) and cladding without butt welds, in order to reveal imperfections on or near the surface of the test specimen which is under tension during bend testing and/or assess ductility. It also gives the dimensions of the test specimen.
In addition, this document specifies methods to be used instead of transverse bend tests with a former for welded joints when base materials, heat affected zones and/or weld metal have a significant difference in their physical and mechanical properties in relation to bending.
This document applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with welded joints made by any welding process.

This document contains terms and definitions applicable to health and safety in welding and allied processes. It is intended to be referenced in other documents dealing with this subject.
In the main body of this document, terms are arranged in systematic order. Indexes are included at the end of this document in which all terms are listed alphabetically in English, French and German, respectively, with reference to the appropriate term numbers and translations of the terms in the other two languages.
NOTE: In addition to text written in the official ISO languages (English and French), this document gives text in German. This text is published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and is given for information only. Only the text given in the official languages can be considered as ISO text.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.

This document specifies the sizes of test specimen and the procedure for carrying out transverse tensile tests in order to determine the tensile strength and the location of fracture of a welded butt joint.
This document applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with joints made by any welded butt joint.

This document specifies acceptance levels for the phased array ultrasonic testing technique (UT-PA) of full-penetration welds in low-alloy and/or fine-grained steels in the wall thickness range from 3,2 mm to 8 mm which correspond to the quality levels of ISO 5817.
These acceptance levels are applicable to indications detected according to ISO 20601.

This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the content of non-volatile matter in soft soldering fluxes. It is applicable to liquid and paste fluxes of type 1, as defined in ISO 9454-1.

This document specifies the procedures and recommended tooling to be used for peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds. This document applies to welds made in two or more sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm.
The aim of these tests is to determine:
—    weld size and failure mode when welds are destructively tested;
—    verification of welds by non-destructive chisel tests.
NOTE      The preferred method of peel testing seam welds (mechanized peel testing) is covered in ISO 14270.

This document is applicable to welding consumables for hardfacing. The range of application includes surfaces of new structural components, semi-finished products as well as repair of surfaces of structural components which have to resist to mechanical, chemical, thermal or combined stress.
This document specifies requirements for classification of the consumables based on their chemical composition of the all-weld metal of covered electrodes, cored wires, cored rods, cored strips, sintered strips, sintered rods and metal powders and on the chemical composition of solid wires, solid rods, solid strips and cast rods.

This document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by welding, rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes.
The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the cladding and in the region of the interface.
This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.

This document establishes the general specifications, requirements and tests for devices located on the high-pressure side of acetylene manifold systems up to 2,5 MPa (25 bar) as defined in ISO 14114. It does not apply to high-pressure piping, high-pressure flexible hoses or pressure regulators.

This document specifies requirements for the classification of tubular-cored electrodes for metal arc welding with or without a gas shield of nickel and nickel alloys. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

This document specifies the method to be used when describing test specimen location and notch orientation for the testing and reporting of impact tests on welded butt joints.
This document applies to impact tests on metallic materials in all forms of product made by any fusion and pressure welding process.
It is used in addition to the ISO 148 series and includes test specimen denomination and additional reporting requirements.

This document specifies techniques of digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject.
This document applies to the digital radiographic testing of fusion welded joints in metallic materials. It applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe”, as used in this document, covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels.
This document specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X- and gamma-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDAs) of the welded joints of metallic plates and tubes for the detection of imperfections. It includes manual and automated inspection with DDAs.
Digital detectors provide a digital grey value image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer (Annex E). This document specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important, but are not the main focus of this document. The procedure specified in this document provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permits exposure and acquisition of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for the detection of imperfections as film radiography (specified in ISO 17636-1).
This document does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the digital radiographs. ISO 10675 provides information on acceptance levels for weld inspection.
If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved will be significantly lower than when this document is strictly applied.

This document gives recommendations for specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives for macroscopic and microscopic examination.

This document specifies techniques of radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints in metallic materials using industrial radiographic film techniques with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject.
It applies to the joints of plates and pipes in metallic materials. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe” as used in this document covers other cylindrical bodies, such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels.
This document does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs. The ISO 10675 series provides information on acceptance levels for weld evaluation.
If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved will be significantly lower than when this document is strictly applied.

This document specifies tests for the qualification of welding procedure specifications applicable to upset (resistance butt) welding and flash welding of metallic materials, e.g. with solid, tubular, flat or circular cross-section. Its basic principles can also be applied to other resistance welding processes when this is stated in the specification.
This document defines the conditions for carrying out tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all the practical welding operations that it covers.
It covers the following resistance welding processes, as defined in ISO 4063:
—    24 flash welding, using direct current or alternating current with various movement sequences, constant flashing and pulsed flashing;
—    25 resistance upset welding, using direct current or alternating current with various pressure sequences.

This document specifies the application of the FMC/TFM technology for the ultrasonic testing of
fusionwelded joints in metallic materials of minimum thickness 3.2 mm. It's is applicable only to
components with welds fabricated using metals which lead to isotropic (constant properties in all
directions) and homogeneous conditions. These classes of materials include welds in low carbon
alloy steels and common aerospace grade aluminum and titanium alloys, provided they are
homogeneous and isotropic.

This document specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt welds detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels can be applied to other types of welds (such as fillet welds etc.) or materials.
The acceptance levels can be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. This document assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with ISO 17636‑1 for RT-F (F = film) or ISO 17636‑2 for RT-S (S = radioscopy) and RT-D (D = digital detectors).

This document specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in butt welds of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels can be applied to other types of welds (such as fillet welds, etc.) or materials.
The acceptance levels can be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. This document assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with ISO 17636‑1 for RT-F (F = film) or ISO 17636‑2 for RT-S (S = radioscopy) and RT-D (D = digital detectors).

This document specifies the classification of fluxes used for brazing metals and characterizes these fluxes on the basis of their properties and use, and gives technical delivery conditions and health and safety precautions.
This document covers two classes of flux, FH and FL. Class FH is used for the brazing of heavy metals (steels, stainless steels, copper and its alloys, nickel and its alloys, precious metals, molybdenum and tungsten). Class FL is used for the brazing of aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the tests which can be used for qualification of welding procedure specifications for spot, seam, and projection welding processes.
NOTE       The procedures are written for embossed projection welding. They can be adapted for solid projections as well, e.g. nut welding, stud welding. cross wire welding.
This document defines the conditions for carrying out tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations covered by this document.
It covers the following resistance welding processes, as defined in ISO 4063:
—    21 – resistance spot welding;
—    211 – indirect spot welding;
—    212 – direct spot welding;
—    22 – resistance seam welding;
—    221 – lap seam welding;
—    222 – mash seam welding;
—    223 – Prep-lap seam welding;
—    224 – Wire seam welding;
—    225 – foil butt-seam welding;
—    226 – seam welding with strip;
—    23 – projection welding;
—    231 – indirect projection welding;
—    232 – direct projection welding.

This document specifies the International Standards, including clauses and subclauses, with which conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4 can be claimed.
NOTE      For brazing, see ISO 22688.

This document specifies a general outline of the ISO 3834 series and criteria to be taken into account for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, among the three levels specified in ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 and ISO 3834-4.
It is applicable to manufacturing, both in workshops and at field installation sites.
This document does not specify requirements for a total quality management system (QMS). However, Clause 6 identifies QMS elements where their inclusion complements the ISO 3834 series.

This document specifies the geometries and dimensions of projections for embossed projection welding. Tools to make the projections are also included in Annex B.
The projections are used on hot-rolled, cold-rolled, uncoated and coated steels, stainless steels and nickel alloys for conventional welding quality up to 3 mm thickness, as single projections, in multiples or as a group of multiples.
Any solid projections are not included in this document.

This document defines elementary quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document gives specifications for single- and double-conductor secondary connection cables used for resistance welding and allied processes. These specifications include requirements for electrical, mechanical and cooling characteristics of the cables and their test procedures.

This document defines comprehensive quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document defines standard quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions for resistance spot welding, projection welding and seam welding.
NOTE     In addition to terms used in English and French, two of the three official ISO languages, this document gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.

This document specifies the requirements for the test methods for joint of micro-joining of 2G HTS to fulfil the requirements of ISO 17279-1 and ISO 17279-2.
This document specifies test methods for determining the capability of joints for the production of the specified quality. It defines specific test requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.

ISO 22826:2005 specifies the requirements for hardness testing of transverse sections of narrow laser and electron beam welded joints in metallic materials. It covers Vickers and Knoop hardness tests in accordance with ISO 6507-1 and ISO 4545, respectively, with test forces of 0,098 N to just under 98 N (HV 0,01 to just under HV 10) for the Vickers hardness test and test forces up to and including 9,8 N (just under HK 1) for the Knoop hardness test.
It is applicable to welds made with or without filler wire. It may not be applicable to the testing of wider hybrid laser/arc welds.

ISO 10225:2013 specifies the gas letter code to be used for marking the equipment for gas welding, cutting and allied processes, when the full name of the gas cannot be used.

This document gives guidance on levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welded joints in aluminium, magnesium and their alloys and pure copper. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured.
This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of:
—     aluminium and its alloys;
—     magnesium and its alloys;
—     pure copper (e.g. Cu-ETP1 CW003A, Cu-ETP CW004A, Cu-FRHC CW005A, Cu-FRTP CW006A, Cu-OF1 CW007A, Cu-OF CW008A, Cu-OFE CW009A, Cu-PHC CW020A, Cu-HCP CW021A, Cu-PHCE CW022A, Cu-DLP CW023A, Cu-DHP CW024A);
—     all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire;
—     materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding.
When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this document are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this document can apply.
NOTE     For circular welds, a lower quality level can be specified for the fade-out zone.
Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, hydrogen embrittlement (pure copper) are not covered by this document.
This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by requirements for inspection, examination and testing.

This document specifies requirements for resistance spot welding in the fabrication of assemblies of aluminium sheet, extrusions (both work- and age-hardening alloys) and/or cast material comprising two or three thicknesses of metal, where the maximum single (sheet) thickness of components to be welded is within the range 0,6 mm to 6 mm.
This document is applicable to the welding of sheets or plates of dissimilar thickness where the thickness ratio is less than or equal to 3:1. It applies to the welding of three thicknesses where the total thickness is less than or equal to 9 mm.
Welding with the following types of machines is within the scope of this document:
—     pedestal welding machines;
—     gun welders;
—     automatic welding equipment where the components are fed by robots or automatic feeding equipment;
—     multi-welders;
—     robotic welders.
Information on appropriate welding equipment is given in Annex A and on spot welding conditions in Annex B. The latter are for guidance only and can require modification depending on service conditions of the fabrication, type of welding equipment, characteristics of the secondary circuit, electrode material and geometry.
The welding of coated material, e.g. zinc-coated or anodized material, is outside the scope of this document.

Specifies the dimensions and tolerances for male electrode caps for resistance spot welding when a female taper (see ISO 1089) is used to fix the electrode adaptor (see ISO 5829). Applies only to electrode caps for which the electrode force Fmax, given for the diameter d1, does not exceed 4,0 kN. Covers also designation, material and marking.

This document specifies the design requirements and provides design guidelines for friction stir spot welding.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

Specifies the dimensions and tolerances of resistance spot welding electrode adaptors where the fixing element for the cap is a female taper (male electrode cap, see ISO 5830) and for which the electrode taper fits conform to ISO 1089. Covers also designation, material and marking.

This document specifies the requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for the Friction Stir Spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium.
In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys

ISO 15616-4:2008 provides minimum requirements for acceptance testing, using practical test methods, for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting in two dimensions (2-D), having a fixed workpiece on the platen and moving optics.
ISO 15616-4:2008 is not applicable to CO2-laser beam machines which use an articulated robot, nor to those which include a work station, such as a welding positioner, fixed board cutter, etc.
ISO 15616-4:2008 does not cover hazard protection devices, such as those for discharging chips and particles generated during welding and cutting.

ISO 10656:2016 specifies additional requirements to those given in ISO 5826 for single-phase transformers used in AC welding. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 5826, whose requirements it amends.

ISO 20168:2016 specifies the dimensions and tolerances for electrode holders and of spot welding electrode caps, where a locking taper is used.