EN 15521:2007
(Main)Health informatics - Categorial structure for terminologies of human anatomy
Health informatics - Categorial structure for terminologies of human anatomy
1.1 Main purpose
This European standard defines the characteristics required to synthetically describe the organisation and content of human anatomy within a terminological system. It is intended primarily for use with computer-based applications such as clinical electronic health records, decision support and for various bio-medical research purposes.
This European standard will serve to
- facilitate the construction of new terminological systems in a regular form which will increase their coherence and expressiveness;
- facilitate maintenance of human anatomy within terminological systems;
- increase consistency and coherence of existing terminological system;
- allow systematic cross-references between items of human anatomy in different types of terminological systems;
- facilitate convergence among human anatomy within terminological systems;
- make explicit the overlap for human anatomy between different health care domains terminological systems;
- provide elements for negotiation about integration of different terminological systems into information systems between the respective developers;
- enable the systematic evaluation of human anatomy within terminological systems.
1.2 Target groups
The European standard itself is not suitable or intended for use by, individual clinicians or hospital administrators.
The target groups for this European standard are:
- designers of specialised standard healthcare terminological categorial structures;
- developers of healthcare terminological systems including classifications and coding systems;
- producers of services for terminological systems and designers of software including natural language processing;
- information modellers, knowledge engineers, and standards developers building models for
health information management systems;
- developers of information systems that require an explicit representation of healthcare terminological systems;
- developers of marked-up standards for represent
Medizinische Informatik - Kategoriale Struktur für Terminologien der Anatomie des Menschen
1.1 Hauptzweck
Diese Europäische Norm legt die erforderlichen Merkmale für die synthetische Beschreibung von Aufbau und Inhalt der Anatomie des Menschen innerhalb eines Terminologiesystems fest. Sie ist vorrangig für die Verwendung innerhalb computergestützter Anwendungen, wie z. B. klinische elektronische Gesundheitsakten, Entscheidungsunterstützung, sowie für verschiedene biomedizinische Zwecke vorgesehen.
Die Europäische Norm dient folgenden Zwecken:
vereinfachter Aufbau neuer Terminologiesysteme in geregelter Form zur Erhöhung ihrer Kohärenz und Ausdruckskraft;
vereinfachte Pflege der Anatomie des Menschen innerhalb von Terminologiesystemen;
erhöhte Konsistenz und Kohärenz vorhandener Terminologiesysteme;
Ermöglichung systematischer Querverweise zwischen Elementen der Anatomie des Menschen in unterschiedlichen Terminologiesystemtypen;
vereinfachte Konvergenz der Anatomie des Menschen innerhalb von Terminologiesystemen;
Verdeutlichung der im Bereich der Anatomie des Menschen bestehenden Überlappungen mit unterschiedlichen Terminologiesystemen verschiedener Gesundheitsfachgebiete;
Bereitstellung von Verhandlungsgrundlagen für die jeweiligen Entwickler in Hinblick auf die Integration verschiedener Terminologiesysteme in Informationssysteme;
Ermöglichung der systematischen Bewertung der Anatomie des Menschen innerhalb von Terminologiesystemen.
1.2 Zielgruppen
Die Europäische Norm an sich ist nicht für die Verwendung durch einzelne Klinikärzte oder Krankenhausverwaltungen geeignet oder vorgesehen.
Die Zielgruppen dieser Europäischen Norm sind Folgende:
Entwickler spezialisierter, genormter, kategorialer Strukturen für die Terminologie im Gesundheitswesen;
Entwickler von Terminologiesystemen für das Gesundheitswesen, einschließlich Klassifikationen und Kodiersystemen;
Dienstanbieter für Terminologiesysteme und Entwickler von Software mit Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache;
Informatique de santé - Structure catégorielle des terminologies d'anatomie humaine
1.1 Objectif principal
La présente Norme européenne définit les caractéristiques requises pour décrire de façon synthétique l’organisation et le contenu de l’anatomie humaine au sein d’un système terminologique. Elle est prévue principalement pour une utilisation avec des applications informatiques telles que les dossiers de santé électroniques cliniques, l’aide à la décision et les différents objectifs de la recherche biomédicale.
La présente Norme européenne servira :
à faciliter l’élaboration de nouveaux systèmes terminologiques avec une régularité qui augmentera leur cohérence et leur expressivité ;
à faciliter la maintenance de l’anatomie humaine au sein des systèmes terminologiques ;
à augmenter l’homogénéité et la cohérence des systèmes terminologiques existants ;
à permettre de systématiser les références croisées entre les éléments d’anatomie humaine des différents types de systèmes terminologiques ;
à faciliter la convergence de l’anatomie humaine au sein des systèmes terminologiques ;
à expliciter le chevauchement de l’anatomie humaine entre les systèmes terminologiques des différents domaines de la santé ;
à fournir des éléments de négociation sur l’intégration de différents systèmes terminologiques dans des systèmes d'information aux développeurs respectifs ;
à permettre de systématiser l’évaluation de l’anatomie humaine au sein des systèmes terminologiques.
1.2 Groupes cible
La présente Norme européenne en elle-même n’est pas adaptée ni destinée à être utilisée individuellement par des cliniciens ou des administrateurs d’hôpitaux.
Les groupes cible de la présente norme européenne sont :
les créateurs des structures catégorielles des terminologies de santé spécialisées et normalisées ;
les développeurs de systèmes terminologiques de santé y compris les classifications et les systèmes de codage ;
Zdravstvena informatika - Kategorijska struktura terminologij človeške anatomije
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Health informatics - Categorical structure for terminologies of human anatomyInformatique de santé - Structure catégorielle des terminologies d'anatomie humaineMedizinische Informatik - Kategoriale Struktur für Terminologien der Anatomie des MenschenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15521:2007SIST EN 15521:2008en35.240.80Uporabniške rešitve IT v zdravstveni tehnikiIT applications in health care technologyICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15521:200801-februar-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15521November 2007ICS 35.240.80 English VersionHealth informatics - Categorial structure for terminologies ofhuman anatomyInformatique de santé - Structure catégorielle desterminologies d'anatomie humaineMedizinische Informatik - Kategoriale Struktur fürTerminologien der Anatomie des MenschenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15521:2007: E
A reference ontology for biomedical informatics: the Foundational Model of Anatomy.14 A.1 General.14 A.2 Principles, Ontological Framework and Implementation of the FMA.14 A.3 Extensions of the FMA beyond human macroscopic anatomy.15 A.4 Relations in the FMA and their influence on other ontologies.16 A.5 Querying the FMA.16 A.6 Evaluation of the FMA.17 A.7 Uses and Selected Applications of the FMA.17 A.7.1 Research in ontologies, informatics and computer science.17 A.7.2 Research in biomedical imaging.18 A.7.3 Design of information systems.18 A.7.4 Clinical Informatics.18 A.7.5 Education.18 A.7.6 Sources of Anatomical Information.19 Bibliography.20
It is not possible to impose a rigid uniform standardized natural language clinical terminology on healthcare professional providers. Nevertheless standards need to be provided for guiding the development of terminologies in the different sub domains of healthcare to allow semantic interoperability between them. To this end a domain specific semantic representation
has been developed (EN 12264) and applied in a series of specific initiatives including European Pre standards (ENV), European Standards (EN) and international ISO standards on various subject fields to describe a set of categorial structures in partially overlapping subject fields: Human anatomy is central to medical terminology ( surgical procedures, carcinoma staging, annotation of radiological findings, disease, clinical laboratory and so forth ) and also to many scientific and bio-informatics study beyond the scope of clinical medicine . In the US the University of Washington has developed in the public domain an anatomical terminology for EHR named the Digital Anatomist Foundational Model of
Anatomy (FMA for short), a reference ontology for biomedical informatics. Adequate field testing in several countries, revision and integration have provided the comprehensive basis for this European standard.
1 Scope 1.1 Main purpose This European standard defines the characteristics required to synthetically describe the organisation and content of human anatomy within a terminological system. It is intended primarily for use with computer-based applications such as clinical electronic health records, decision support and for various bio-medical research purposes.
This European standard will serve to facilitate the construction of new terminological systems in a regular form which will increase their coherence and expressiveness; facilitate maintenance of human anatomy within terminological systems; increase consistency and coherence of existing terminological system; allow systematic cross-references between items of human anatomy in different types of terminological systems; facilitate convergence among human anatomy within terminological systems; make explicit the overlap for human anatomy between different health care domains terminological systems; provide elements for negotiation about integration of different terminological systems into information systems between the respective developers; enable the systematic evaluation of human anatomy within terminological systems. 1.2 Target groups The European standard itself is not suitable or intended for use by, individual clinicians or hospital administrators.
The target groups for this European standard are: designers of specialised standard healthcare terminological categorial structures; developers of healthcare terminological systems including classifications and coding systems; producers of services for terminological systems and designers of software including natural language processing; information modellers, knowledge engineers, and standards developers building models for
health information management systems; developers of information systems that require an explicit representation of healthcare terminological systems; developers of marked-up standards for representation of healthcare documents.
It is not the purpose of this European Standard to standardise the end user classification of human anatomy terminology or to conflict with the concept systems embedded in national practice and languages. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Human anatomy biological science that concerns the discovery, analysis and representation of the structural organisation of the human body NOTE Human anatomy thus defined encompasses the material objects from the granularity level of the whole human body to that of cell parts, portions of body substances, and non-material entities such as surfaces, spaces, lines and points, that form the phenotypic organisation of the human body. Although encompassed by the definition of anatomical structure (4.2.9), biological macromolecules do not come under the purview of the science human anatomy. 3.2 anatomical entity entity that constitutes the structural organisation of a human body 3.3 spatial dimension number of dimensions of the entity in space EXAMPLE 1 Entities with spatial dimension of value 3 are organs, cells and body cavity. EXAMPLE 2 Entities with spatial dimension of value 2: the plane of the esophagogastric junction and the surface of the parietal part of the head. EXAMPLE 3 Entities with spatial dimension of value 1: pectinate line, linea aspera and superior nuchal line. EXAMPLE 4 Entities with spatial dimension of value 0: the apex of petrous part of temporal bone, apex of the orbit and the apex of the sacrum. 3.4
three-dimensional shape shape of an anatomical entity of spatial dimension with value 3 EXAMPLE Hollow cylinder.
set of designations belonging to one special language
[ISO 1087-1:2000] 3.6 anatomical term
verbal designation of an anatomical entity (3.2) 3.7 anatomical category type of anatomical entity shared by all the individual instances in existence in the present, past and future
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