EN ISO 11200:2014
(Main)Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions (ISO 11200:2014)
Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions (ISO 11200:2014)
ISO 11200:2014 is the frame standard introducing the basic group, ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205, on the determination of emission sound pressure levels at work stations and other specified positions. It gives guidance for:
facilitating the writing of noise test codes;
providing physical explanations of this noise emission quantity compared to other noise quantities (see 4.1 to 4.3);
comparing the different measurement methods offered by the group;
facilitating the choice of the most appropriate method(s) in typical practical situations.
ISO 11200:2014 applies to airborne sound only. It is for use in noise testing, in general, and in the preparation of noise test codes, in particular.
A standardized noise test code is intended to select standards from the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 group, which are the most appropriate to the machinery family it covers, and which give detailed requirements on mounting and operating conditions for the particular family, as well as the location of the work station(s) and other specified positions as prescribed in these International Standards.
Akustik - Geräuschabstrahlung von Maschinen und Geräten - Leitlinien zur Anwendung der Grundnormen zur Bestimmung von Emissions-Schalldruckpegeln am Arbeitsplatz und an anderen festgelegten Orten (ISO 11200:2014)
Diese Internationale Norm ist die Rahmennorm, mit der die Gruppe der Grundnormen ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 und ISO 11205 zur Bestimmung von Emissions-Schalldruckpegeln am Arbeitsplatz und an anderen festgelegten Orten eingeführt wird. Sie ist ein Leitfaden, der folgenden Zwecken dient:
die Ausarbeitung von Geräuschmessnormen zu erleichtern;
diese Geräuschemissionskenngröße physikalisch zu erläutern und mit weiteren Geräuschkenngrößen zu vergleichen (siehe 4.1 bis 4.3);
die durch die Normengruppe angebotenen unterschiedlichen Messverfahren miteinander zu vergleichen (siehe Tabelle 1);
die Auswahl der (des) für typische praktische Situationen am besten geeigneten Verfahren(s) zu erleichtern (siehe Abschnitt 6).
Diese Internationale Norm ist weitgehend auf Flussdiagrammen und Tabellen aufgebaut. Außerdem werden Fallstudien beschrieben.
Die gegebene Anleitung gilt nur für Luftschall. Sie ist ganz allgemein für die Anwendung bei Geräusch-prüfungen und im Besonderen für die Ausarbeitung von Geräuschmessnormen vorgesehen.
Eine Geräuschmessnorm ist dafür vorgesehen, für die Maschinengruppe, für die sie gilt, die am besten geeigneten Normen aus der Gruppe ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 und ISO 11205 auszuwählen, für die jeweilige Maschinengruppe detaillierte Anforderungen an die Aufstellungs- und Betriebsbedingungen vorzugeben sowie die Position des Arbeitsplatzes (der Arbeitsplätze) und anderer vorgeschriebener Orte festzulegen, wie in diesen Internationalen Normen vorgeschrieben.
Die so erhaltenen Daten können auch für die Angabe (Deklaration) und die Nachprüfung von Emissions-Schalldruckpegeln verwendet werden, wie z. B. in ISO 4871[3] festgelegt.
Acoustique - Bruit émis par les machines et équipements - Guide d'utilisation des normes de base pour la détermination des niveaux de pression acoustique d'émission au poste de travail et en d'autres positions spécifiées (ISO 11200:2014)
L'ISO 11200:2014 est la norme cadre présentant l'ensemble des Normes internationales ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 et ISO 11205 relatives à la détermination des niveaux de pression acoustique d'émission aux postes de travail et en d'autres positions spécifiées. Elle donne des lignes directrices en vue de:
faciliter la rédaction des codes d'essai acoustique;
fournir des explications physiques sur cette grandeur d'émission sonore par comparaison à d'autres grandeurs acoustiques (voir 4.1 à 4.3);
comparer les différentes méthodes de mesure proposées par l'ensemble de normes (voir Tableau 1);
faciliter le choix de la (des) méthode(s) la (les) plus appropriée(s) dans des situations pratiques types (Article 6).
Les recommandations données s'appliquent uniquement au bruit aérien. Elles doivent être utilisées lors des essais acoustiques en général et lors de la préparation des codes d'essai acoustique en particulier.
Un code d'essai acoustique normalisé vise à choisir, parmi l'ensemble de normes ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 et ISO 11205, celles qui sont les plus appropriées pour la famille de machines considérée, et qui fournissent des exigences détaillées relatives aux conditions de montage et de fonctionnement pour cette famille particulière et indiquent l'emplacement du (des) poste(s) de travail et d'autres positions spécifiées comme prescrit dans ces Normes internationales.
Akustika - Emisija hrupa strojev in naprav - Smernice za uporabo temeljnih standardov za ugotovljanje emisijskih ravni zvočnega tlaka na mestu delovanja in na drugih opredeljenih mestih (ISO 11200:2014)
EN ISO 11200 je okvirni standard, ki predstavlja temeljne standarde ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 in ISO 11205 za ugotavljanje emisijske ravni zvočnega tlaka na mestu delovanja in drugih opredeljenih mestih. Standard podaja smernice za: - pomoč pri pisanju oznak preskusa hrupa; - podajanje fizikalnih razlag tega obsega emisije hrupa v primerjavi z drugimi obsegi emisije hrupa (glejte 4.1 do 4.3); - primerjanje različnih merilnih metod, ki jih ponuja ta skupina standardov (glejte preglednico 1); - pomoč pri izbiranju najustreznejših(e) metod(e) v običajnih praktičnih razmerah (točka 6) Ta mednarodni standard večinoma temelji na diagramih poteka in preglednicah. Opisane so študije primerov. Podane smernice veljajo le za zvok v zraku. Standard je v splošnem namenjen uporabi pri preskušanju hrupa, še posebej pa pri pripravljanju oznak preskusa hrupa. Standardizirana oznaka preskusa hrupa je namenjena izbiri standardov iz skupine standardov ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 in ISO 11205, ki so najustreznejši za vrsto strojev, na katero se nanašajo, in podajajo podrobne zahteve tako glede priključitve in delovanja za posamezno vrsto strojev kot tudi glede lokacije delovnih(ega) mest(a) ter drugih opredeljenih mest, kot je predpisano v teh mednarodnih standardih. Pridobljene podatke je mogoče uporabiti za deklariranje in potrjevanje emisijskih ravni zvočnega tlaka, npr. kot je določeno v standardu ISO 4871.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 11200:2009
$NXVWLND(PLVLMDKUXSDVWURMHYLQQDSUDY6PHUQLFH]DXSRUDERWHPHOMQLK
VWDQGDUGRY]DXJRWRYOMDQMHHPLVLMVNLKUDYQL]YRþQHJDWODNDQDPHVWXGHORYDQMDLQ
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Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Guidelines for the use of basic
standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and
at other specified positions (ISO 11200:2014)
Akustik - Geräuschabstrahlung von Maschinen und Geräten - Leitlinien zur Anwendung
der Grundnormen zur Bestimmung von Emissions-Schalldruckpegeln am Arbeitsplatz
und an anderen festgelegten Orten (ISO 11200:2014)
Acoustique - Bruit émis par les machines et équipements - Guide d'utilisation des
normes de base pour la détermination des niveaux de pression acoustique d'émission au
poste de travail et en d'autres positions spécifiées (ISO 11200:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11200:2014
ICS:
17.140.20 Emisija hrupa naprav in Noise emitted by machines
opreme and equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11200
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2014
ICS 17.140.20 Supersedes EN ISO 11200:2009
English Version
Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment -
Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other
specified positions (ISO 11200:2014)
Acoustique - Bruit émis par les machines et équipements - Akustik - Geräuschabstrahlung von Maschinen und Geräten
Guide d'utilisation des normes de base pour la - Leitlinien zur Anwendung der Grundnormen zur
détermination des niveaux de pression acoustique Bestimmung von Emissions-Schalldruckpegeln am
d'émission au poste de travail et en d'autres positions Arbeitsplatz und an anderen festgelegten Orten (ISO
spécifiées (ISO 11200:2014) 11200:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11200:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11200:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics” in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 “Acoustics” the secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 11200:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11200:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11200:2014 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11200
Second edition
2014-06-01
Acoustics — Noise emitted by
machinery and equipment —
Guidelines for the use of basic
standards for the determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a
work station and at other specified
positions
Acoustique — Bruit émis par les machines et équipements — Guide
d’utilisation des normes de base pour la détermination des niveaux
de pression acoustique d’émission au poste de travail et en d’autres
positions spécifiées
Reference number
ISO 11200:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 11200:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Emission sound pressure level at work stations and other specified positions .8
4.1 Physical background . 8
4.2 Difference between noise exposure level of persons and noise emission level . 9
4.3 Difference between sound power level of machinery and sound pressure level . 9
4.4 Reasons for determining the emission sound pressure level . 9
4.5 How the source directivity is handled in the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204
and ISO 11205 group .10
5 Overview of the methods offered in the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and
ISO 11205 group for determining the emission sound pressure level at work stations and
other specified positions .11
6 Selection of the most appropriate method from the group .15
6.1 Quantities to be measured and determined .15
6.2 Considerations affecting choice of method .15
6.3 Considerations for the selection of the most appropriate method .18
6.4 Synopses .18
7 Selection of specified positions .22
8 Treatment of measurement uncertainty in ISO 11201, 11202 and 11204 .22
Annex A (informative) Test site and environmental correction K — Some guidance .24
Annex B (informative) Case studies .26
Bibliography .37
ISO 11200:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11200:1995), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 11200:1995/Corr.1:1997.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
Introduction
0.1 For many users of machinery and equipment, the control of noise is a major issue which requires
effective exchange of acoustical information among the several parties concerned. These include the
manufacturer, installer and user of the machinery or equipment. This acoustical information is obtained
from measurements. The main flow of information goes from the manufacturer to the user.
These measurements are useful only if the conditions under which they are carried out are specified,
if they yield defined acoustical quantities, and if they are carried out using standardized instruments.
Two quantities which complement one another can be used to describe the sound emission of machinery
or equipment: the sound power level and the emission sound pressure level at a specified position. The
International Standards which describe the basic methods of determining the sound power level are
[2]
ISO 3740, ISO 3741, ISO 3743 (all parts), ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 3746 and ISO 3747 (determination from
sound pressure level measurements), and ISO 9614-1, ISO 9614-2 and ISO 9614-3 (determination from
sound intensity measurements). This International Standard introduces a group of five International
Standards describing various methods for determining emission sound pressure levels of machinery
and equipment taking into account possible situations for the source under test (mobile machine, fixed
machine, various test rooms, various instrumentations, different kinds of work stations, etc.).
It is not the intention of this group of International Standards to describe procedures for measuring the
[4]
occupational noise exposure of workers; for occupational noise exposure, see ISO 9612.
0.2 Emission sound pressure levels in conjunction with sound power levels are used for declaration
of the noise emitted under the defined conditions, verification of declared values, comparison of the
noise emitted by machinery of various types and sizes, comparison with limits specified in a purchasing
contract or a regulation, engineering work to reduce the noise emission of machinery, and prediction of
noise exposure at the specified positions.
Included in this group of International Standards are three, which describe procedures for measuring
emission sound pressure levels directly, in different test environments (ISO 11201, ISO 11202 and
ISO 11204), a fourth (ISO 11203), which gives procedures for determining emission sound pressure
levels from the sound power level and a fifth (ISO 11205), which gives a procedure for determining the
emission sound pressure level from measured values of the sound intensity level.
0.3 In general, these sound pressure levels are different from those which occur if the machinery or
equipment operates in its installed surroundings, where the environment influences the sound pressure
level at work stations or other specified positions. The selection of standards for the determination of
the sound power level can, for practical reasons, have consequences on the selection of standards for
the determination of the emission sound pressure level. It is preferable to make the choice of standards
concurrently with respect to the two noise emission quantities.
0.4 Standards in the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 group are often used
in practice through their reference in standardized noise test codes (see 3.25). If a particular noise test
code exists for a family of machinery, it is intended that it be used. For drafting a noise test code, it is
[6]
recommended to be familiar with ISO 12001.
0.5 The reasons for revising the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 group were
manifold:
— the need arose to introduce a grade 1 method into the group in order to enhance the similarity with
the ISO 3741, ISO 3743 (all parts), ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 3746 and ISO 3747 group of International
Standards on the determination of sound power level;
— feedback from experience with the use of the group showed that the ISO 11202 method gave more
precise results than initially thought, hence the introduction into ISO 11202 of the possibility to get
grade 2 results;
— as source directivity plays a key role with regard to the emission sound pressure level, pragmatism
led to introduce this parameter into the ISO 11202 and ISO 11204 methods;
ISO 11200:2014(E)
— as measurement uncertainty was becoming a more and more central issue, the need arose to address
the issue again in the light of the experience gained with the use of ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3.
No research was carried out in order to revise the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and
ISO 11205 group. Only existing knowledge was used.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11200:2014(E)
Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment
— Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the
determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work
station and at other specified positions
1 Scope
This International Standard is the frame standard introducing the basic group, ISO 11201, ISO 11202,
ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205, on the determination of emission sound pressure levels at work
stations and other specified positions. It gives guidance for:
— facilitating the writing of noise test codes;
— providing physical explanations of this noise emission quantity compared to other noise
quantities (see 4.1 to 4.3);
— comparing the different measurement methods offered by the group (see Table 1);
— facilitating the choice of the most appropriate method(s) in typical practical situations (Clause 6).
This International Standard is largely based on flow charts and tables. Case studies are described.
The guidance given applies to airborne sound only. It is for use in noise testing, in general, and in the
preparation of noise test codes, in particular.
A standardized noise test code is intended to select standards from the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203,
ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 group, which are the most appropriate to the machinery family it covers, and
which give detailed requirements on mounting and operating conditions for the particular family, as well
as the location of the work station(s) and other specified positions as prescribed in these International
Standards.
The data so obtained can be used for the declaration and verification of emission sound pressure levels,
[3]
e.g. as specified in ISO 4871.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3741, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Precision methods for reverberation test rooms
ISO 3743-1, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure — Engineering methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 1:
Comparison method for a hard-walled test room
ISO 3743-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 2: Methods for special
reverberation test rooms
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 11200:2014(E)
ISO 3745, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms
ISO 3746, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 3747, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment
ISO 9614-1, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity —
Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
ISO 9614-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity —
Part 2: Measurement by scanning
ISO 9614-3, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity —
Part 3: Precision method for measurement by scanning
ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections
ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
ISO 11203, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
ISO 11204:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying accurate environmental
corrections
ISO 11205, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Engineering method for the
determination of emission sound pressure levels in situ at the work station and at other specified positions
using sound intensity
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61043, Electroacoustics — Instruments for the measurement of sound intensity — Measurement with
pairs of pressure sensing microphones
IEC 61260, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
emission
airborne sound radiated by a well-defined noise source (e.g. the machine under test)
Note 1 to entry: Noise emission descriptors can be incorporated into a product label and/or product specification.
The basic noise emission descriptors are the sound power level of the source itself and the emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and/or at other specified positions (if any) in the vicinity of the source.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.1]
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.2
emission sound pressure
p
sound pressure, at a work station or another specified position near a noise source, when the source is
in operation under specified operating and mounting conditions on a reflecting plane surface, excluding
the effects of background noise as well as the effects of reflections other than those from the plane or
planes permitted for the purpose of the test
Note 1 to entry: Emission sound pressure is expressed in pascals.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.2]
3.3
emission sound pressure level
L
p
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the square of the emission sound pressure, p, to the
square of a reference value, p , expressed in decibels
p
L =10lg dB
p
p
where the reference value, p , is 20 µPa
Note 1 to entry: The emission sound pressure level is determined at a work station or another specified position in
accordance with either a noise test code for a specific family of machines or, if no noise test code exists, one of the
standards of the group (i.e. this International Standard along with ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204
and ISO 11205).
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.3, modified — In Note 1, the reference numbers of the group of standards
have been written in full.]
3.4
time-averaged emission sound pressure level
L
p,T
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the time average of the square of the emission sound
pressure, p, during a stated time interval of duration, T (starting at t and ending at t ), to the square of
1 2
a reference value, p , expressed in decibels
t
1 pt()dt
L =10lg dB
pT,
∫
T
p
t
1
where the reference value, p , is 20 µPa
Note 1 to entry: For simplicity of notation, the subscript T is omitted throughout the following text.
Note 2 to entry: If specific frequency and time weightings as specified in IEC 61672–1 and/or specific frequency
bands are applied, this is indicated by appropriate subscripts; e.g. L denotes the A-weighted emission sound
pA
pressure level.
Note 3 to entry: The formula is equivalent to that for the environmental noise descriptor “equivalent continuous
[1]
sound pressure level” (ISO 1996-1 ). However, the emission quantity defined above is used to characterize the
noise emitted by a source under test and assumes that standardized measurement and operating conditions as
well as a controlled acoustical environment are used for the measurements.
Note 4 to entry: ISO 11205 uses L instead of L and replaces p by the magnitude of the intensity vector, I , and
I p,T
2 −12 2
p by I = 10 W/m .
0 0
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.4, modified — Notes 1 to 3 have been renumbered; Note 4 has been added.]
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.5
peak emission sound pressure
p
peak
greatest absolute emission sound pressure during a stated time interval
Note 1 to entry: Peak emission sound pressure is expressed in pascals.
Note 2 to entry: A peak emission sound pressure may arise from a positive or negative sound pressure.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.5]
3.6
peak emission sound pressure level
L
p,peak
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the square of the peak emission sound pressure,
p , to the square of a reference value, p , expressed in decibels
peak 0
p
peak
L =10lg dB
p,peak
p
where the reference value, p , is 20 µPa
Note 1 to entry: The peak emission sound pressure level is usually C-weighted and denoted by L .
pC,peak
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.6]
3.7
single event emission sound pressure level
L
E
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the integral of the square of the emission sound
pressure, p, of an isolated single sound event (burst of sound or transient sound) of specified duration, T
(or specified measurement time interval T = t – t covering the single event), to the square of a reference
2 1
value, p , normalized to reference time interval T = 1 s, expressed in decibels
0 0
t
1 pt()
L =10lg ddt B
E
∫ 2
T
p
t
1
T
=+L 10lg dB
pT,
T
Note 1 to entry: This formula is equivalent to that for the environmental noise descriptor “sound exposure level”.
However, the emission quantity defined above is used to characterize the noise emitted by a source under test and
assumes that standardized measurement, mounting, and operating conditions as well as a controlled acoustical
environment are used for the measurements.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.7, modified — The source of “sound exposure level” has been deleted from
Note 1.]
3.8
work station
operator’s position
position in the vicinity of the machine under test which is intended for the operator
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.11]
3.9
operator
individual whose work station is in the vicinity of a machine and who is performing a work task
associated with that machine
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.12]
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.10
specified position
position defined in relation to a machine, including, but not limited to, an operator’s position
Note 1 to entry: The position can be a single, fixed point, or a combination of points along a path or on a surface
located at a specified distance from the machine, as described in the relevant noise test code, if one exists.
Note 2 to entry: Positions located in the vicinity of a work station, or in the vicinity of an unattended machine, are
identified as “bystander positions”.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.13, modified — Note 3 has been deleted.]
3.11
operational period
interval of time during which a specified process is accomplished by the source under test
EXAMPLE For a dishwasher, when washing or rinsing or drying.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.14]
3.12
operational cycle
specific sequence of operational periods occurring while the source under test performs a complete
work cycle, where each operational period is associated with a specific process that may occur only
once, or may be repeated, during the operational cycle
EXAMPLE For a dishwasher, when washing and rinsing and drying.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.15]
3.13
measurement time interval
portion or a multiple of an operational period or operational cycle of the source under test, for which
the time-averaged emission sound pressure level is determined or over which the maximum emission
sound pressure level is sought
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.16]
3.14
background noise
noise from all sources other than the source under test
Note 1 to entry: Background noise can include contributions from airborne sound, noise from structure-borne
vibration, and electrical noise in instrumentation.
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.18]
3.15
background noise correction
K
correction applied to the measured sound pressure levels to account for the influence of background
noise
Note 1 to entry: Background noise correction is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: Background noise correction is frequency dependent. In the case of A-weighting, the correction,
K , is determined from A-weighted measured values.
1A
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.19]
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.16
reference box
hypothetical rectangular parallelepiped terminating on the reflecting plane(s) on which the noise
source under test is located, that just encloses the source including all the significant sound-radiating
components and any test table on which the source may be mounted
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.20]
3.17
reference measurement surface
S
M
hypothetical surface defined by a rectangular parallelepiped enveloping the noise source under test,
terminating on the reflecting plane(s) on which the source is located, and having sides parallel to those
of the reference box with each side spaced at equal distance from the corresponding side of the reference
box
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.21]
3.18
sound power
P
rate over given time interval at which airborne sound energy is radiated by a source
Note 1 to entry: Sound power is expressed in watts.
3.19
sound power level
L
W
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power radiated by the source under test
to the reference sound power
Note 1 to entry: Sound power level is expressed in decibels.
−12
Note 2 to entry: The reference sound power is 1 pW (10 W).
[SOURCE: ISO 3744:2010, 3.21, modified — The definition and Notes 1 and 2 have been changed.]
3.20
environmental correction
K
term to account for the influence of reflected sound on the mean sound pressure level on the reference
measurement surface, expressed in decibels
Note 1 to entry: K is frequency dependent and can be determined in accordance with ISO 3744 or ISO 3746. In the
case of A-weighting, it is denoted K .
2A
[SOURCE: ISO 11201:2010, 3.22]
3.21
local environmental correction
K
correction applied to the measured sound pressure levels at the work station to account for the influence
of reflected sound, expressed in decibels
Note 1 to entry: The local environmental correction is frequency dependent. In the case of A-weighting, it is
denoted K .
3A
Note 2 to entry: K is only obtained on completion of testing.
[SOURCE: ISO 11202:2010, 3.25, modified — Note 2 has been added.]
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.22
work station directivity index
D
I,op
measure of the extent to which a source under test radiates sound in the direction of the work station
(operator’s position), relative to the mean sound radiation over the reference measurement surface,
expressed in decibels
DL=−L
I,op pp
where
is the emission sound pressure level;
L
p
is the surface sound pressure level (in accordance with ISO 3744) on the reference meas-
L
p
urement surface
Note 1 to entry: These levels are determined in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane and have been
corrected for background noise and for environmental influences, if relevant.
[SOURCE: ISO 11202:2010, 3.22]
3.23
apparent work station directivity index
*
D
Iop
** *
DL=−L
Iop pp
where
* is the sound pressure level measured at the work station, corrected for background noise,
L
p
but not for the influence of the environment;
* is the sound pressure level averaged over the reference measurement surface, corrected for
L
p
background noise, but not for the influence of the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 11202:2010, 3.23]
3.24
approximate apparent work station directivity index
*
D
Iop,approx
** *
DL=−L
Iop,approx pp,approx
where
* is the sound pressure level measured at the work station, corrected for back-
L
p
ground noise, but not for the influence of the environment;
* is the sound pressure level averaged over the reference measurement surface,
L
p,approx
corrected for background noise but not for the influence of the environment,
measured with a reduced number of microphone positions
[SOURCE: ISO 11202:2010, 3.24]
ISO 11200:2014(E)
3.25
noise test code
standard that is applicable to a particular class, family or type of machinery or equipment, which specifies
all the information necessary to carry out efficiently the determination, declaration and verification of
the noise emission characteristics under standardized conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 12001:1996, 3.2]
3.26
standard deviation of reproducibility of the method
σ
R0
standard deviation of noise emission values obtained under reproducibility conditions (different
environments, different operators, different instrumentation) for a sound source with constant noise
emission
3.27
standard deviation due to operating and mounting conditions of the sound source
σ
omc
standard
deviation of noise emission values obtained by repeating measurements according to the same noise
emission measurement method under the same conditions (same environment, same operator, same
instrumentation)
Note 1 to entry: This standard deviation characterizes the stability of the noise emitted by the source.
3.28
total standard deviation
σ
tot
square root of the sum of the squares of the standard deviation of reproducibility and the standard
deviation due to operating and mounting conditions
σσ=+σ
totoR0 mc
Note 1 to entry: When a batch of identical sound sources is considered, the standard deviation of production
[3]
should be taken into account by proper addition (see ISO 4871).
3.29
typical distance
d
distance from the work station to the closest major sound source of the machine under test, without
screening objects protruding into the line of sight between the major sound source and the work station
Note 1 to entry: In the case of extended sound-radiating areas, d is the length of the shortest possible line of sight
between the source under test and the work station.
[SOURCE: ISO 11202:2010, 3.26]
4 Emission sound pressure level at work stations and other specified positions
4.1 Physical background
A microphone positioned at the work station or the specified position does not measure the emission
sound pressure level only. It really measures the sound received directly from the machine (emission)
combined with the sound coming from other noise sources present and the sound reflected by walls,
floor, ceiling and obstacles in the room in which the machine is located.
The “emission” component shall be extracted from this total. Extraction is particularly difficult
when the sound pressure level at the work station (or any other specified position) includes a strong
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 11200:2014(E)
environmental component. This happens when the machine operates in a reverberant space and does
not radiate its sound energy towards the work station. This extreme situation illustrates the important
role that the directivity of the source plays in relation to the nature of the test environment (see 4.5) and
explains why the determination of emission sound pressure levels is not straightforward and requires
measurement methods that are more complex than expected.
At any given position in relation to a particular machine, and for given mounting and operating
conditions, the emission sound pressure levels determined using any of the methods given in ISO 11201,
ISO 11202, ISO 11203, ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 will in general be lower than the directly measured sound
pressure levels for the same machine operating in its installed environment. This is due to the influence
of the environment (reverberation) and the contributions of noise from other machines. A method of
calculating the sound pressure levels in the vicinity of a machine operating alone in a workroom is
[5]
given in ISO/TR 11690-3. Commonly observed differences are 1 dB to 5 dB, but in extreme cases the
difference can be even larger.
The influence of this environment at the work station position or any other specified position is
described by a local environmental correction K . Methods for determining K are provided in ISO 11202
3 3
and ISO 11204. ISO 11201 does not consider K because this standard covers the situation where the
influence of the environment is negligible (K = 0).
4.2 Difference between noise exposure level of persons and noise emission level
Noise exposure and noise emission are two very different concepts that have to be clearly distinguished.
Noise exposure levels are different from noise emission levels. Noise exposure relates to a person in the
actual environment. Noise emission relates to a source of sound independently of the environment in
which it operates.
It is not the intent of the group of International Standards (i.e. ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203,
ISO 11204 and ISO 11205) to describe procedures for measuring the occupational noise exposure of
workers. Emission sound pressure levels are not averages over a total working day during which the
machinery might perform different functions, operate at different control settings, or undergo changes
[4]
of workload. A method for determining the noise exposure of persons is given in ISO 9612.
4.3 Difference between sound power level of machinery and sound pressure level
The sound power level characterizes the acoustic energy radiated in the air by a source for a given
mounting and operating condition. It is an intrinsic feature of the source independent of the environment
in which it operates.
As opposed to the sound power level, the sound pressure level characterizes the noise present at a
particular point in space.
Just as for the sound power level, the emission sound pressure level at a work station or a specified
position is an intrinsic characteristic of the machine.
4.4 Reasons for determining the emission sound pressure level
Examples of situations where the emission sound pressure level at the work station(s) of a source might
be of interest are:
— manufacturer noise emission declaration according to regulations for machinery safety;
— customer need for input to sound exposure prediction models;
— customer need for data for comparing with competing machinery and equipment on the market (e.g.
operator attended heavy machinery) to use “less noise emitted” as a purchasing parameter;
NOTE For some families of machines, e.g. information technology equipment, the preferred quantity on
which to compare equipment on the market is the sound power level.
ISO 11200:2014(E)
— requirements in a specification to check the noise level of equipment regardless of the environment
in which it operates.
4.5 How the source directivity is handled in the ISO 11201, ISO 11202, ISO 11203,
ISO 11204 and ISO 11205 group
ISO 11202 and ISO 11204 consider the directivity of the source.
ISO 11202 (method A.2) and ISO 11204 consider the directivity of the source by measuring the
A-weighted sound pressure level at a set of microphone positions situated around the machine at a
fixed distance from it in order to determine the directivity index. These levels describe the apparent
work station directivity as they are contaminated by the sound energy coming from reflections within
the environment where the machine operates. In ISO 11202 (method A.2), for the s
...
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