EN 1097-9:2014
(Main)Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test
This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the resistance of coarse aggregate to wear by abrasion from studded tyres. For other purposes, in particular production control, other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
The test is applicable to aggregates with a size fraction of 11,2 mm to 16 mm.
NOTE An alternative size fraction 8/11,2 mm for different end uses is given in Annex A.
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 9: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß durch Spikereifen - Nordische Prüfung
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt das Referenzverfahren für die Typenprüfung und im Streitfall, für die Bestimmung des Widerstandes der groben Gesteinskörnung gegen Verschließ durch Spikereifen. Für andere Zwecke, insbesondere der Produktionskontrolle in Fabriken, dürfen andere Verfahren angewendet werden, sofern ein ausreichender Zusammenhang mit diesem Referenzverfahren nachgewiesen wurde.
Die Prüfung ist für Gesteinskörnungen mit einer Körnung von 11,2 mm bis 16,0 mm anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG In Anhang A ist eine alternative Kornklasse 8/11,2 mm für verschiedene Verwendungszwecke angegeben.
Essais pour déterminer les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 9: Détermination de la résistance à l'usure par abrasion provoquée par les pneus à crampons - Essai scandinave
La présente Norme européenne décrit la méthode de référence utilisée pour les essais de type et en cas de litige pour déterminer la résistance des gravillons à l’usure par abrasion provoquée par les pneus à crampons. À d’autres fins, en particulier pour la maîtrise de la production des granulats, d’autres méthodes peuvent être utilisées, à condition qu’une corrélation appropriée avec la méthode de référence ait été établie.
L’essai est applicable aux granulats de fraction granulométrique comprise entre 11,2 mm et 16 mm.
NOTE Une fraction granulométrique alternative 8/11,2 mm destinée à des utilisations différentes est fournie en Annexe A.
Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 9. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi gum ježevk - Nordijski preskus
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 07-Jan-2014
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Jul-2014
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 154 - Aggregates
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 154 - Aggregates
- Current Stage
- 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 04-Jun-2025
- Completion Date
- 04-Jun-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2014
Overview
EN 1097-9:2014 is a European Standard published by the Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) that specifies the reference method for testing the resistance of coarse aggregates to wear caused by abrasion from studded tyres – commonly known as the Nordic test. This standard is critical for assessing the durability and mechanical performance of aggregates utilized in road construction and other infrastructure projects, especially in Nordic countries where studded tyres are frequently used during winter. The standard applies mainly to coarse aggregates in the size range of 11.2 mm to 16 mm, with an alternative size fraction of 8 mm to 11.2 mm provided for different applications.
Key Topics
Scope and Application
EN 1097-9:2014 outlines a reliable procedure primarily for type testing and dispute cases regarding the abrasion resistance of aggregates against studded tyre wear. While other testing methods can be applied for production control, these must be correlated with the reference method defined in this standard.Test Principle
The test involves rotating a sample of single-sized aggregate combined with steel balls and water inside a sealed steel drum fitted with three internal ribs. The rotation produces abrasion between aggregate particles and steel balls, replicating the wear caused by studded tyres on pavements. After a fixed number of revolutions, the material is sieved to determine the percentage of wear based on mass loss.Specimen Preparation
Test specimens must meet specific grading and dry mass criteria determined by particle density according to EN 1097-6:2013. The sample undergoes washing, drying to constant mass, and sieving to achieve the correct size fractions before testing.Apparatus Requirements
The test mandates the use of calibrated equipment, including:- Steel drum with controlled dimensions and three removable hard steel ribs
- Steel balls (15 mm diameter) with prescribed hardness and uniformity
- Motor to provide consistent drum rotation speed at 90 ± 3 revolutions per minute
- Sieves conforming to EN 933-2 for particle size separation
- Oven with controlled drying temperature (110 ± 5°C)
Test Procedure
A standard charge of 7,000 g steel balls, the prepared aggregate sample, and 2 liters of water are placed in the drum. The machine is rotated for exactly 5,400 revolutions. Afterward, the material is washed, sieved on a 2 mm sieve, dried, and weighed to determine the mass loss percentage.Result Calculation and Precision
The Nordic abrasion value (AN) is calculated as the mass loss percentage of particles greater than 2 mm. Testing two specimens is standard; if results differ by more than 10%, two additional specimens are tested. The mean value, after proper statistical analysis including Dixon’s test for outliers, is reported as the final abrasion resistance value.
Applications
EN 1097-9:2014 is essential for:
Road Construction Quality Control
Ensuring that aggregates used in asphalt pavements or other road layers can withstand wear from studded tyre abrasion, critical for regions with winter traction requirements.Material Type Testing
Validating new sources or batches of coarse aggregate for performance before acceptance or use.Dispute Resolution
Providing an authoritative reference testing procedure in case of material performance conflicts.Research and Development
Supporting the development of more wear-resistant aggregate materials tailored to withstand aggressive abrasion environments caused by studded tyres.
Related Standards
EN 1097-9:2014 forms part of a comprehensive suite of standards covering mechanical and physical properties of aggregates, including:
- EN 1097-1 – Resistance to wear (Micro-Deval test)
- EN 1097-2 – Resistance to fragmentation
- EN 1097-6 – Particle density and water absorption
- EN 933-1 & EN 933-2 – Particle size distribution and sieve requirements
- EN 932-2 & EN 932-5 – Sampling methods and equipment calibration
Additional related standards cover thermal, chemical, and geometrical aggregate properties for comprehensive material characterization in civil engineering.
By following EN 1097-9:2014, engineers and quality controllers can ensure that aggregates meet stringent durability requirements specific to harsh Nordic conditions, optimizing pavement longevity and performance under studded tyre traffic. This standard is a vital reference for aggregate producers, road authorities, and testing laboratories focused on abrasion resistance testing.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1097-9:2014 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test". This standard covers: This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the resistance of coarse aggregate to wear by abrasion from studded tyres. For other purposes, in particular production control, other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The test is applicable to aggregates with a size fraction of 11,2 mm to 16 mm. NOTE An alternative size fraction 8/11,2 mm for different end uses is given in Annex A.
This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the resistance of coarse aggregate to wear by abrasion from studded tyres. For other purposes, in particular production control, other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The test is applicable to aggregates with a size fraction of 11,2 mm to 16 mm. NOTE An alternative size fraction 8/11,2 mm for different end uses is given in Annex A.
EN 1097-9:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1097-9:2014 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1097-9:1998, EN 1097-9:1998/A1:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 1097-9:2014 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 9. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti proti obrabi zaradi gum ježevk - Nordijski preskusPrüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 9: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß durch Spikereifen - Nordische PrüfungEssais pour déterminer les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 9: Méthode pour la détermination dela résistance à l'usure par abrasion provoquée par les pneusà crampons - Essai scandinaveTests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test91.100.15Mineralni materiali in izdelkiMineral materials and productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1097-9:2014SIST EN 1097-9:2014en,fr,de01-april-2014SIST EN 1097-9:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1097-9:1999/A1:2005SIST EN 1097-9:19991DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1097-9
January 2014 ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 1097-9:1998
English Version
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test
Essais pour déterminer les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 9: Détermination de la résistance à l'usure par abrasion provoquée par les pneus à crampons - Essai scandinave
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 9: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß durch Spikereifen - Nordische Prüfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1097-9:2014 E SIST EN 1097-9:2014
Alternative 8/11,2 mm size fraction for the Nordic test . 11 Bibliography . 12
1 Scope This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the resistance of coarse aggregate to wear by abrasion from studded tyres. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The test is applicable to aggregates with a size fraction of 11,2 mm to 16 mm. NOTE An alternative size fraction 8/11,2 mm for different end uses is given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-2:1999, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution - Test sieves, nominal size of apertures EN 1097-6:2013, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption EN ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware - Graduated measuring cylinders (ISO 4788) ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings — Balls — Part 1: Steel balls ISO 9329-4, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: Austenitic stainless steels 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 3.2 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory testing 3.3 constant mass mass determined after successive weighings
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표준 EN 1097-9:2014는 기계적 및 물리적 특성에 대한 시험 방법을 규명하며, 특히 스터드 타이어로 인한 마모 저항을 측정하기 위한 노르딕 테스트를 다룹니다. 이 표준의 범위는 대형 집합체의 내구성을 평가하는 데 필요한 참조 방법을 설명하고 있으며, 유형 시험 및 분쟁 발생 시 사용되는 신뢰할 수 있는 기준을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 강점은 명확한 절차를 제시하여 사용자들이 엄격한 품질 검사 및 생산 관리를 수행할 수 있도록 돕는 점입니다. 또한, 스터드 타이어로 인한 마모 저항을 측정하는 데 필요한 세부적인 요구 사항들이 명시되어 있어, 테스트 결과의 신뢰성을 높이고 있습니다. 특히, 11.2mm에서 16mm 크기의 집합체에 적용 가능하며, 다양한 최종 용도를 위해 8/11.2mm 대체 크기도 제공하고 있습니다. EN 1097-9:2014 표준의 적절한 적용은 적극적인 품질 보증을 위한 기초를 마련하며, 집합체 검사 시 관련 문제를 해결하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이 문서는 집합체의 물리적 특성을 규명하는 데 있어 ESSENTIAL한 도구로 자리매김하고 있으며, 건설 분야 및 재료 과학에서 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대됩니다.
EN 1097-9:2014標準は、粗骨材のスタッドタイヤによる摩耗耐性を測定するための試験方法を定義しています。この文書の範囲は、スタッドタイヤの摩耗による影響を受ける粗骨材のメカニカルおよびフィジカル特性に関連するものであり、特に標準化された方法としてタイプ試験および争議が発生した場合に用いられます。 この標準の強みは、徹底した試験方法が確立されている点にあります。具体的には、粗骨材のサイズ分別が11.2 mmから16 mmにわたるものに適応され、異なる用途のための代替サイズ分別（8/11.2 mm）は附属書Aで提供されています。これにより、さまざまな用途における骨材の摩耗特性を網羅的に評価することが可能であり、業界内での公平性が確保されます。 EN 1097-9:2014は、製造管理にも影響を与える可能性があり、他の方法が利用される場合でも、基準方法との適切な作業関係が確立されていることが重要です。これにより、骨材の品質管理が強化され、耐久性の高い製品の確保に寄与します。したがって、この標準は骨材業界において極めて重要な役割を果たし、実践的かつ信頼性の高い方法論を提供しています。
The EN 1097-9:2014 standard effectively outlines the procedures for testing the mechanical and physical properties of aggregates, specifically focusing on their resistance to wear from abrasion by studded tyres through the Nordic test method. This standard serves a critical role in ensuring the reliability and durability of construction materials, particularly in regions where studded tyres are commonly used. One of the key strengths of this standard is its clear definition of the reference method used for type testing and dispute resolution. This aspect ensures that the results obtained are consistent and can be universally accepted across different testing labs and contexts. The clarity in scope allows stakeholders to understand precisely when and how to apply this testing method, which is particularly relevant in case of quality disputes or compliance verification. The relevance of EN 1097-9:2014 extends beyond just the construction industry; it is crucial for material producers, contractors, and regulators who need to ascertain the performance of aggregates in relation to wear resistance. By validating the abrasion resistance of coarse aggregates with specified size fractions, particularly those ranging from 11.2 mm to 16 mm, the standard provides a benchmark that enhances safety and longevity in infrastructure projects. Furthermore, the inclusion of alternative size fractions, as mentioned in Annex A, indicates an adaptable approach that addresses varied end-use requirements. This flexibility allows for a broader application of the standard across different aggregate types, fulfilling specific project needs while maintaining rigorous testing criteria. In summary, the EN 1097-9:2014 standard impressively consolidates the necessary guidelines for determining the abrasion resistance of aggregates, positioning itself as an essential reference point in materials testing across construction-related activities, with its outcomes playing a vital role in both quality assurance and project success.
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