EN 14475:2006
(Main)Execution of special geotechnical works - Reinforced fill
Execution of special geotechnical works - Reinforced fill
1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the construction of reinforced fill.
1.2 This European Standard covers engineered fills that are reinforced by the inclusion of horizontal or sub-horizontal reinforcement placed between layers of fill during construction.
1.3 The scope of reinforced fill applications considered in this European Standard includes (Figure 1):
¾ earth retaining structures, (vertical, battered or inclined walls, bridge abutments, bulk storage facilities), with a facing to retain fill placed between the reinforcing layers;
¾ reinforced steep slopes with a facing, either built-in or added or wrap-around, reinforced shallow slopes without a facing, but covered by some form of erosion protection without a facing, reinstatement of failed slopes;
¾ embankments with basal reinforcement and embankments with reinforcement against frost heave in the upper part.
Principles for the execution of other special geotechnical works using soil nails, bored piles, displacement piles, micro piles, sheet pile walls, diaphragm walls, grouting or jet grouting are established in other European Standards.
Reinforcement of road pavements is not covered by this Standard.
Ausführung von besonderen technischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Bewehrte Schüttkörper
1.1 Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Grundsätze zur Ausführung bewehrter Schüttkörper fest.
1.2 Diese Europäische Norm umfasst ingenieurmäßig hergestellte Schüttkörper, die durch Einlage von horizontalen oder nahezu horizontalen Bewehrungen zwischen die Schichten der Schüttung errichtet werden.
1.3 Der Anwendungsbereich von bewehrten Schüttkonstruktionen nach dieser Europäischen Norm umfasst (siehe Bild 1):
- Erdstützkonstruktionen (senkrechte, abgestufte oder geneigte Wände, Brückenwiderlager, Schüttgutlager) mit einer Frontausbildung zur Rückhaltung des Schüttmaterials, das zwischen den Bewehrungs-lagen eingebaut wird;
- bewehrte Steilböschungen mit Frontausbildung, entweder im Schüttkörper integriert oder ihm vorgesetzt oder als Polsterwände, flache bewehrte Böschungen ohne Frontausbildung, aber mit oberflächigem Erosionsschutz und die Wiederherstellung gerutschter Böschungen;
- Dämme mit Sohlbewehrung und Dämme mit Bewehrungen zur Verhinderung von Frosthebungen im oberen Bereich.
Grundsätze der Ausführung anderer spezieller geotechnischer Arbeiten unter Verwendung von Vernagelungen, Bohrpfählen, Verdrängungspfählen, Kleinbohrpfählen, Spundwänden, Schmaldichtwänden, Injektionen und Düsenstrahlverfahren werden in anderen Europäischen Normen geregelt.
Exécution de travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Remblais renforcés
1.1 La présente Norme européenne établit les principes généraux pour la construction des ouvrages en remblai renforcé.
1.2 La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux remblais techniques renforcés par l’inclusion de renforcements horizontaux ou sub-horizontaux placés entre les couches du remblai au cours de leur construction.
1.3 Le domaine d’application des remblais renforcés examinés dans la présente Norme européenne comprend (Figure 1) :
- les ouvrages de soutènement (murs verticaux, murs peu ou très inclinés, culées de pont, structures de stockage en vrac), comportant un parement qui permet de retenir le remblai placé entre les lits de renforcement ;
- les talus renforcés très inclinés avec un parement, soit intégré, soit rapporté, ou bien enveloppant les couches de remblai, les talus renforcés peu inclinés, sans parement, mais recouverts d’une simple protection contre l’érosion, et la réparation des glissements de talus ;
- les remblais renforcés à la base, et les remblais renforcés en partie supérieure contre les soulèvements provoqués par le gel.
1.4 Les principes relatifs à l’exécution d’autres travaux géotechniques spéciaux tels que le clouage des sols, les pieux forés, les pieux avec refoulement du sol, les micropieux, les rideaux de palplanches, les parois moulées, les injections et les colonnes de sol-ciment réalisées par jet sont traités dans d’autres normes européennes.
Le renforcement des chaussées routières n’est pas couvert par la présente norme.
Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del – Armirano polnilo
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Execution of special geotechnical works - Reinforced fillExécution de travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Remblais renforcésAusführung von besonderen technischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Bewehrte Schüttkörper93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:SIST EN 14475:2006enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14475:200601-junij-2006SIST EN 14475:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14475January 2006ICS 93.020 English VersionExecution of special geotechnical works - Reinforced fillExécution de travaux géotechniques spéciaux - RemblaisrenforcésAusführung von besonderen technischen Arbeiten(Spezialtiefbau) - Bewehrte SchüttkörperThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 November 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14475:2006: E
page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.8 4 Information needed for construction.10 5 Geotechnical investigations.10 6 Materials and products.11 7 Design considerations.17 8 Execution.20 9 Supervision, testing and monitoring.27 10 Records.27 11 Specific requirements.28 Annex A (informative)
Typical use of fill types depending on application, reinforcement and facing.29 Annex B (informative).30 Annex C (informative)
Facing units and systems.32 Annex D (informative)
Some typical reinforcement forms.49 Annex E (informative)
Steel reinforcement.52 Annex F (informative)
Recommendations for facing units.54 Bibliography.56
a) Walls b) Abutments c) Mixed abutments
d) Reinforced slopes
e) Basal reinforcement f) Basal mattress Key Key 1 Reinforcement 2 Soft deposit 1 Thin soft layer 2 Firm layer
g) Piled embankments with basal reinforcementh) Reinforcement over areas prone to subsidence Key Key 1 Reinforcement 2 Piles 1 Reinforcement 2 Potential weak zones or voids
i) Reinforcement in areas prone to frost heave j) Offshore Basal Reinforcement Key Key 1 Reinforcement 2 Ice lenses 1 Reinforcement 2 Lake or sea 3 Soft seabed Figure 1 — Some reinforced fill applications 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1, Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity. EN 1990, Eurocode – Basis of structural design. EN 1991, Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures. EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
- Part 1: General rules EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels. EN 10025-4, Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels. EN 10079, Definition of steel products. EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General EN 10218-1, Steel wire and wire products – General - Part 1 : Test methods. EN 10218-2, Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 2 : Wire dimensions and tolerances. EN 10223-3, Steel wire and wire products for fences - Part 3 : Hexagonal steel wire netting for engineering purposes. EN 10223-4, Steel wire and wire products for fences - Part 4 : Steel wire welded mesh facing.
EN 10244-1, Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 1: General principles. EN 10244-2, Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 2: Zinc or zinc alloy coatings.
EN 10245-1, Steel wire and wire products - Organic coatings on steel wire – Part 1: General rules.
EN 10245-2, Steel wire and wire products - Organic coatings on steel wire – Part 2: PVC finished wire.
EN 10245-3, Steel wire and wire products - Organic coatings on steel wire – Part 3: PE coated wire. EN 10326, Continuously hot-dip coated strip and sheet of structural steels – Technical delivery conditions.
EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products – Determination of the resistance to weathering. EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products – Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test.
EN 13251, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures. EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods (ISO 1461:1999) EN ISO 2063, Thermal spraying - Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Zinc, aluminium and their alloys (ISO 2063:2005) EN ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products – identification on site (ISO 10320:1999). ENV ISO 10722-1, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Procedure for simulating damage during installation - Part 1: Installation in granular materials (ISO 10722-1:1998)
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fill natural or man made material formed of solid particles, including certain rocks, used to construct engineered fill 3.2 reinforcement generic term for reinforcing inclusions placed within fill 3.3 engineered fill fill which is placed and compacted under controlled conditions 3.4 reinforced fill engineered fill incorporating discrete layers of soil reinforcement, generally placed horizontally, which are arranged between successive layers of fill during construction 3.5 fill reinforcement reinforcement which enhances stability of the reinforced fill mass by mobilising the axial tensile strength of the fill reinforcement by soil interaction over its total length NOTE It is typically in the form of a strip, sheet, rod, grid or mesh and is usually placed in discrete layers. 3.6 geosynthetics for the purpose of this European standard “geosynthetics” stands for “geotextiles and geotextile related products” 3.7 facing covering to the exposed face of a reinforced fill structure which retains the fill between layers of reinforcement and protects the fill against erosion 3.8 foundation foundation of a reinforced fill structure is the total area of the surface upon which the lowest layer of reinforcement is installed 3.9 discrete facing unit partial height facing unit used to construct incrementally a reinforced fill structure
facing system assemblage of facing units used to produce a finished reinforced fill structure 3.15 rigid facing system facing system with no capacity to accommodate vertical differential settlement between fill and facing. (See Annex C for guidance) 3.16 semi-flexible facing system facing system with some capacity to accommodate differential settlement between fill and facing 3.17 flexible facing system pliant, ar
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