ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Active radar target enhancers; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Active radar target enhancers; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
DEN/ERM-TGMAR-080
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Aktivni povečevalniki radarskih ciljev - Harmonizirani EN, ki zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive R&TTE
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Active radar target enhancers - Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 752 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009en01-maj-2009SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Active radar target enhancers;Harmonized EN covering the essential requirementsof article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 2
Reference DEN/ERM-TG26-080 Keywords maritime, navigation, radar, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 3
Contents Intellectual Property Rights.5 Foreword.5 1 Scope.6 2 References.6 2.1 Normative references.6 2.2 Informative references.7 3 Abbreviations.7 4 Technical requirements.7 4.1 Environmental profile.7 4.2 Conformance requirements.8 4.2.1 Radiated emissions.8 4.2.1.1 Definition.8 4.2.1.2 Limits.8 4.2.1.3 Conformance.8 4.2.2 Operating frequency.8 4.2.2.1 Definition.8 4.2.2.2 Limits.8 4.2.2.3 Conformance.8 4.2.3 Radiated output power.8 4.2.3.1 Definition.8 4.2.3.2 Limits.9 4.2.3.3 Conformance.9 4.2.4 Stability.9 4.2.4.1 Definition.9 4.2.4.2 Limits.9 4.2.4.3 Conformance.9 4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions.9 4.2.5.1 Definition.9 4.2.5.2 Limits.9 4.2.5.3 Conformance.9 5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.10 5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures.10 5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment.10 5.1.2 Normal test conditions.10 5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity.10 5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply.10 5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply.10 5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply.10 5.1.3 Extreme test conditions.10 5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures.10 5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit.10 5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit.11 5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions.11 5.1.4 Excitation Signals.11 5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing.11 5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing.11 5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results.11 5.3 Essential radio test suites.12 5.3.1 Radiated emissions.12 5.3.2 Operating frequency.12 5.3.3 Radiated output power.13 5.3.4 Stability.13 5.3.5 Radiated spurious emissions.14 SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 4
5.4 Other test specifications.14 Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-RTT).15 Annex B (normative): Radiated measurement.17 B.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.17 B.1.1 Anechoic chamber.17 B.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a ground plane.18 B.1.3 OATS.19 B.1.4 Test antenna.20 B.1.5 Substitution antenna.20 B.1.6 Measuring antenna.21 B.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.21 B.2.1 Verification of the test site.21 B.2.2 Preparation of the RTE.21 B.2.3 Power supplies to the RTE.21 B.2.4 Void.22 B.2.5 Range length.22 B.2.6 Site preparation.22 Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages.24 Annex D (informative): Bibliography.25 History.26
SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 5
Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.4] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1] of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 10 February 2009 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2009 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 November 2009 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 6
1 Scope The present document applies to active radar target enhancers which operate in the frequency range 2 900 MHz to 3 100 MHz and/or 9 300 MHz to 9 500 MHz allocated to the radio navigation service as defined in article 5 of the Radio Regulations [i.2]. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1](R&TTE Directive) article 3.2, which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference". In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [i.1] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] CENELEC EN 60945 (Edition 4 - 2002): "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results". [2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 (2003): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [3] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 (2002): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain". [4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference". SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 7
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [6] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [7] IEC 62388: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne radar - Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results". [8] IEC 62252: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Radar for craft not in compliance with IMO SOLAS Chapter V - Performance requirements, methods of test and required test results". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] Directive 1999/5/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [i.2] ITU Radio Regulations (2008). [i.3] ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 (1995): "Technical parameters of radar target enhancers". [i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on information society services. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CSP Channel SPacing e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power HS Harmonized Standard OATS Open Area Test Site OoB Out of Band RCS Radar Cross Section RF Radio Frequency RTE Radar Target Enhancer VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Technical requirements 4.1 Environmental profile Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile which, as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test conditions contained in the present document. SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 8
As technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient variety of environmental conditions as specified in the present document to give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements (which shall also be within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile). 4.2 Conformance requirements 4.2.1 Radiated emissions 4.2.1.1 Definition Radiated electromagnetic emissions are to be understood as any signals radiated by the completely assembled and operated radar equipment, other than the operating frequency, with its spectra, which can potentially disturb other equipment on the ship, such as radio receivers or rate of turn indicators. 4.2.1.2 Limits In the frequency range 150 kHz to 2 GHz, the measured radio frequency field strength at a distance of 3 m caused by the RTE shall not exceed the limits shown in table 1. Table 1: Radiated electromagnetic emission Frequency range Measuring Bandwidth Limits 150 kHz to 300 kHz 9 kHz 10 mV/m to 316 μV/m (80 dBμV/m to 52 dBμV/m) 300 kHz to 30 MHz 9 kHz 316 μV/m to 50 μV/m (52 dBμV/m to 34 dBμV/m) 30 MHz to 2 GHz 120 kHz 500 μV /m (54 dBμV/m)
156 MHz to 165 MHz 9 kHz 16 μV/m (24 dBμV/m) quasi peak or 32 μV /m (30 dBμV/m) peak
4.2.1.3 Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.1 shall be carried out. 4.2.2 Operating frequency 4.2.2.1 Definition Radar target enhancers simply amplify a received signal and then retransmit it at a higher power without any form of frequency translation. The frequency of the input and output signals is always the same (see ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 [i.3]). 4.2.2.2 Limits The difference in frequency between the input exciting signal and the RTE output signal shall not exceed ±1 MHz. 4.2.2.3 Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2 shall be carried out. 4.2.3 Radiated output power 4.2.3.1 Definition The radiated output power of the RTE is the maximum RF output including the transmit antenna gain achievable at the point of saturation of the power amplifier. SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 9
4.2.3.2 Limits The maximum radiated output power of the RTE shall be less than 10 W e.i.r.p. 4.2.3.3 Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out. 4.2.4 Stability 4.2.4.1 Definition This is where the input/output isolation of the RTE equipment is insufficient to prevent parasitic oscillation and should be such that adjacent reflective objects (passing ship or radar reflector on channel bouy) do not induce parasitic oscillation. 4.2.4.2 Limits There shall be no observable emissions due to parasitic oscillation. 4.2.4.3 Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out. 4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions 4.2.5.1 Definition Spurious emissions as described in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] are defined as the entity of all emissions in the frequency range of 70 % of the cut-off frequency of the waveguide to 26 GHz, but outside the OoB-boundaries. They include: • harmonic emissions (whole multiples of the operating frequency); • parasitic emissions (independent, accidentally); • intermodulation (between oscillator- and operation frequency or between oscillator and harmonics). 4.2.5.2 Limits Out of band domain emissions do not apply to devices of this power (see ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 [3]) and so only the Spurious domain emission limits will apply to an active reflector. The reflector shall meet the requirements of table 2 of ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] with the Category A limits for radiodetermination service equipment. 4.2.5.3 Conformance Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out. SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 10 5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements 5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures 5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment Unless otherwise stated the RTE equipment shall be set to the standard operating mode as indicated in the manufacturer's instructions. 5.1.2 Normal test conditions 5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: a) temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; or within the manufacturers stated operating range and stated in the report. b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report. 5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply 5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment is indicated as having been designed. The frequency of the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz. 5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply Where the equipment is designed to operate from a DC source, the normal test voltage shall be the nominal voltage as declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +20 %. The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of testing the power source voltage shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. During testing, the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage level at the beginning of each test. 5.1.3 Extreme test conditions 5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures 5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity within the following ranges: a) temperature: 0 °C to +40 °C; b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report. SIST EN 302 752 V1.1.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02) 11 5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity within the following ranges: a) temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C; b) relative humidity: 20 % to 93 %. When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report. 5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions Extreme values of test power sources are detailed in table 2. Table 2: Extreme power supply voltage and frequency tolerances Power supply Voltage variation % Frequency variation % AC ±10 ±5 DC +20 -10 Not applicable
5.1.4 Excitation Signals A suitable RF signal generator shall be used to simulate the radar signal typical of a modern marine radar conforming to IEC 62388 [7] or IEC 62252 [8]. 5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 9,4 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the 90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns. A typical 25 kw X-Band radar will give a power density at 1 nm (typical range at which saturation starts) of some 0,58 W/m² and the signal generator used shall be capable of producing a variable level at the RTE which encompasses this figure. 5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 3,05 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the 90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns. A typical 30 kw S-Band radar will give a power density
...
ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Active radar target enhancers;
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG26-080
Keywords
maritime, navigation, radar, radio
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.6
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Abbreviations.7
4 Technical requirements .7
4.1 Environmental profile.7
4.2 Conformance requirements.8
4.2.1 Radiated emissions.8
4.2.1.1 Definition.8
4.2.1.2 Limits.8
4.2.1.3 Conformance.8
4.2.2 Operating frequency.8
4.2.2.1 Definition.8
4.2.2.2 Limits.8
4.2.2.3 Conformance.8
4.2.3 Radiated output power .8
4.2.3.1 Definition.8
4.2.3.2 Limits.9
4.2.3.3 Conformance.9
4.2.4 Stability.9
4.2.4.1 Definition.9
4.2.4.2 Limits.9
4.2.4.3 Conformance.9
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions.9
4.2.5.1 Definition.9
4.2.5.2 Limits.9
4.2.5.3 Conformance.9
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.10
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures.10
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment.10
5.1.2 Normal test conditions .10
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity .10
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply .10
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions.10
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit .10
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit .11
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions.11
5.1.4 Excitation Signals .11
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing.11
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing .11
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results .11
5.3 Essential radio test suites.12
5.3.1 Radiated emissions.12
5.3.2 Operating frequency.12
5.3.3 Radiated output power .13
5.3.4 Stability.13
5.3.5 Radiated spurious emissions.14
ETSI
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4 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
5.4 Other test specifications.14
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT).15
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurement.17
B.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .17
B.1.1 Anechoic chamber.17
B.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a ground plane .18
B.1.3 OATS.19
B.1.4 Test antenna.20
B.1.5 Substitution antenna.20
B.1.6 Measuring antenna.21
B.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .21
B.2.1 Verification of the test site .21
B.2.2 Preparation of the RTE.21
B.2.3 Power supplies to the RTE .21
B.2.4 Void.22
B.2.5 Range length.22
B.2.6 Site preparation.22
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .24
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.25
History .26
ETSI
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5 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.4] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1] of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 10 February 2009
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2009
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2009
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
1 Scope
The present document applies to active radar target enhancers which operate in the frequency range 2 900 MHz to
3 100 MHz and/or 9 300 MHz to 9 500 MHz allocated to the radio navigation service as defined in article 5 of the
Radio Regulations [i.2].
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1](R&TTE Directive) article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [i.1] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CENELEC EN 60945 (Edition 4 - 2002): "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results".
[2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 (2003): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[3] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 (2002): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[6] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[7] IEC 62388: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne
radar - Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results".
[8] IEC 62252: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Radar for
craft not in compliance with IMO SOLAS Chapter V - Performance requirements, methods of test
and required test results".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] Directive 1999/5/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.2] ITU Radio Regulations (2008).
[i.3] ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 (1995): "Technical parameters of radar target enhancers".
[i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down a procedure for
the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on
information society services.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CSP Channel SPacing
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
HS Harmonized Standard
OATS Open Area Test Site
OoB Out of Band
RCS Radar Cross Section
RF Radio Frequency
RTE Radar Target Enhancer
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Environmental profile
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile which, as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test conditions contained
in the present document.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
As technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient variety
of environmental conditions as specified in the present document to give confidence of compliance for the affected
technical requirements (which shall also be within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental
profile).
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Radiated emissions
4.2.1.1 Definition
Radiated electromagnetic emissions are to be understood as any signals radiated by the completely assembled and
operated radar equipment, other than the operating frequency, with its spectra, which can potentially disturb other
equipment on the ship, such as radio receivers or rate of turn indicators.
4.2.1.2 Limits
In the frequency range 150 kHz to 2 GHz, the measured radio frequency field strength at a distance of 3 m caused by
the RTE shall not exceed the limits shown in table 1.
Table 1: Radiated electromagnetic emission
Frequency range Measuring Bandwidth Limits
150 kHz to 300 kHz 9 kHz
10 mV/m to 316 μV/m (80 dBμV/m to 52 dBμV/m)
300 kHz to 30 MHz 9 kHz 316 μV/m to 50 μV/m (52 dBμV/m to 34 dBμV/m)
30 MHz to 2 GHz 120 kHz
500 μV /m (54 dBμV/m)
156 MHz to 165 MHz 9 kHz 16 μV/m (24 dBμV/m) quasi peak or
32 μV /m (30 dBμV/m) peak
4.2.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.1 shall be carried out.
4.2.2 Operating frequency
4.2.2.1 Definition
Radar target enhancers simply amplify a received signal and then retransmit it at a higher power without any form of
frequency translation. The frequency of the input and output signals is always the same (see ITU-R Recommendation
M.1176 [i.3]).
4.2.2.2 Limits
The difference in frequency between the input exciting signal and the RTE output signal shall not exceed ±1 MHz.
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Radiated output power
4.2.3.1 Definition
The radiated output power of the RTE is the maximum RF output including the transmit antenna gain achievable at the
point of saturation of the power amplifier.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
4.2.3.2 Limits
The maximum radiated output power of the RTE shall be less than 10 W e.i.r.p.
4.2.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.4 Stability
4.2.4.1 Definition
This is where the input/output isolation of the RTE equipment is insufficient to prevent parasitic oscillation and should
be such that adjacent reflective objects (passing ship or radar reflector on channel bouy) do not induce parasitic
oscillation.
4.2.4.2 Limits
There shall be no observable emissions due to parasitic oscillation.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Spurious emissions as described in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] are defined as the entity of all emissions in
the frequency range of 70 % of the cut-off frequency of the waveguide to 26 GHz, but outside the OoB-boundaries.
They include:
• harmonic emissions (whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions (independent, accidentally);
• intermodulation (between oscillator- and operation frequency or between oscillator and harmonics).
4.2.5.2 Limits
Out of band domain emissions do not apply to devices of this power (see ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 [3]) and
so only the Spurious domain emission limits will apply to an active reflector. The reflector shall meet the requirements
of table 2 of ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] with the Category A limits for radiodetermination service
equipment.
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
ETSI
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10 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment
Unless otherwise stated the RTE equipment shall be set to the standard operating mode as indicated in the
manufacturer's instructions.
5.1.2 Normal test conditions
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of temperature and humidity within the
following ranges:
a) temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; or within the manufacturers stated operating range and stated in the
report.
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared
voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment is indicated as having been designed. The frequency of
the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply
Where the equipment is designed to operate from a DC source, the normal test voltage shall be the nominal voltage as
declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +20 %.
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of testing the power source voltage shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.
During testing, the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage level at
the beginning of each test.
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: 0 °C to +40 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2009-02)
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 93 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions
Extreme values of test power sources are detailed in table 2.
Table 2: Extreme power supply voltage and frequency tolerances
Power supply Voltage variation % Frequency variation %
AC ±10 ±5
DC +20 Not applicable
-10
5.1.4 Excitation Signals
A suitable RF signal generator shall be used to simulate the radar signal typical of a modern marine radar conforming to
IEC 62388 [7] or IEC 62252 [8].
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 9,4 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the
90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns.
A typical 25 kw X-Band radar will give a power density at 1 nm (typical range at which saturation starts) of some
0,58 W/m² and the signal generator used shall be capable of producing a variable level at the RTE which encompasses this
figure.
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 3,05 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the
90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns.
A ty
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Active radar target enhancers;
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG26-080
Keywords
maritime, navigation, radar, radio
ETSI
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within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.6
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Abbreviations.7
4 Technical requirements .7
4.1 Environmental profile.7
4.2 Conformance requirements.8
4.2.1 Radiated emissions.8
4.2.1.1 Definition.8
4.2.1.2 Limits.8
4.2.1.3 Conformance.8
4.2.2 Operating frequency.8
4.2.2.1 Definition.8
4.2.2.2 Limits.8
4.2.2.3 Conformance.8
4.2.3 Radiated output power .8
4.2.3.1 Definition.8
4.2.3.2 Limits.9
4.2.3.3 Conformance.9
4.2.4 Stability.9
4.2.4.1 Definition.9
4.2.4.2 Limits.9
4.2.4.3 Conformance.9
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions.9
4.2.5.1 Definition.9
4.2.5.2 Limits.9
4.2.5.3 Conformance.9
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.10
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures.10
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment.10
5.1.2 Normal test conditions .10
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity .10
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply .10
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions.10
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit .10
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit .11
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions.11
5.1.4 Excitation Signals .11
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing.11
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing .11
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results .11
5.3 Essential radio test suites.12
5.3.1 Radiated emissions.12
5.3.2 Operating frequency.12
5.3.3 Radiated output power .13
5.3.4 Stability.13
5.3.5 Radiated spurious emissions.14
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
5.4 Other test specifications.14
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT).15
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurement.17
B.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .17
B.1.1 Anechoic chamber.17
B.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a ground plane .18
B.1.3 OATS.19
B.1.4 Test antenna.20
B.1.5 Substitution antenna.20
B.1.6 Measuring antenna.21
B.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .21
B.2.1 Verification of the test site .21
B.2.2 Preparation of the RTE.21
B.2.3 Power supplies to the RTE .21
B.2.4 Void.22
B.2.5 Range length.22
B.2.6 Site preparation.22
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .24
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.25
History .26
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.4] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1] of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
1 Scope
The present document applies to active radar target enhancers which operate in the frequency range 2 900 MHz to
3 100 MHz and/or 9 300 MHz to 9 500 MHz allocated to the radio navigation service as defined in article 5 of the
Radio Regulations [i.2].
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1](R&TTE Directive) article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [i.1] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CENELEC EN 60945 (Edition 4 - 2002): "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results".
[2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 (2003): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[3] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 (2002): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[6] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[7] IEC 62388: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne
radar - Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results".
[8] IEC 62252: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Radar for
craft not in compliance with IMO SOLAS Chapter V - Performance requirements, methods of test
and required test results".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] Directive 1999/5/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.2] ITU Radio Regulations (2008).
[i.3] ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 (1995): "Technical parameters of radar target enhancers".
[i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down a procedure for
the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on
information society services.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CSP Channel SPacing
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
HS Harmonized Standard
OATS Open Area Test Site
OoB Out of Band
RCS Radar Cross Section
RF Radio Frequency
RTE Radar Target Enhancer
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Environmental profile
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile which, as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test conditions contained
in the present document.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
As technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient variety
of environmental conditions as specified in the present document to give confidence of compliance for the affected
technical requirements (which shall also be within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental
profile).
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Radiated emissions
4.2.1.1 Definition
Radiated electromagnetic emissions are to be understood as any signals radiated by the completely assembled and
operated radar equipment, other than the operating frequency, with its spectra, which can potentially disturb other
equipment on the ship, such as radio receivers or rate of turn indicators.
4.2.1.2 Limits
In the frequency range 150 kHz to 2 GHz, the measured radio frequency field strength at a distance of 3 m caused by
the RTE shall not exceed the limits shown in table 1.
Table 1: Radiated electromagnetic emission
Frequency range Measuring Bandwidth Limits
150 kHz to 300 kHz 9 kHz
10 mV/m to 316 μV/m (80 dBμV/m to 52 dBμV/m)
300 kHz to 30 MHz 9 kHz 316 μV/m to 50 μV/m (52 dBμV/m to 34 dBμV/m)
30 MHz to 2 GHz 120 kHz
500 μV /m (54 dBμV/m)
156 MHz to 165 MHz 9 kHz 16 μV/m (24 dBμV/m) quasi peak or
32 μV /m (30 dBμV/m) peak
4.2.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.1 shall be carried out.
4.2.2 Operating frequency
4.2.2.1 Definition
Radar target enhancers simply amplify a received signal and then retransmit it at a higher power without any form of
frequency translation. The frequency of the input and output signals is always the same (see ITU-R Recommendation
M.1176 [i.3]).
4.2.2.2 Limits
The difference in frequency between the input exciting signal and the RTE output signal shall not exceed ±1 MHz.
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Radiated output power
4.2.3.1 Definition
The radiated output power of the RTE is the maximum RF output including the transmit antenna gain achievable at the
point of saturation of the power amplifier.
ETSI
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
4.2.3.2 Limits
The maximum radiated output power of the RTE shall be less than 10 W e.i.r.p.
4.2.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.4 Stability
4.2.4.1 Definition
This is where the input/output isolation of the RTE equipment is insufficient to prevent parasitic oscillation and should
be such that adjacent reflective objects (passing ship or radar reflector on channel bouy) do not induce parasitic
oscillation.
4.2.4.2 Limits
There shall be no observable emissions due to parasitic oscillation.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Spurious emissions as described in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] are defined as the entity of all emissions in
the frequency range of 70 % of the cut-off frequency of the waveguide to 26 GHz, but outside the OoB-boundaries.
They include:
• harmonic emissions (whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions (independent, accidentally);
• intermodulation (between oscillator- and operation frequency or between oscillator and harmonics).
4.2.5.2 Limits
Out of band domain emissions do not apply to devices of this power (see ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 [3]) and
so only the Spurious domain emission limits will apply to an active reflector. The reflector shall meet the requirements
of table 2 of ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [2] with the Category A limits for radiodetermination service
equipment.
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
ETSI
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment
Unless otherwise stated the RTE equipment shall be set to the standard operating mode as indicated in the
manufacturer's instructions.
5.1.2 Normal test conditions
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of temperature and humidity within the
following ranges:
a) temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; or within the manufacturers stated operating range and stated in the
report.
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared
voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment is indicated as having been designed. The frequency of
the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply
Where the equipment is designed to operate from a DC source, the normal test voltage shall be the nominal voltage as
declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +20 %.
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of testing the power source voltage shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.
During testing, the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage level at
the beginning of each test.
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: 0 °C to +40 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
ETSI
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-12)
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 93 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions
Extreme values of test power sources are detailed in table 2.
Table 2: Extreme power supply voltage and frequency tolerances
Power supply Voltage variation % Frequency variation %
AC ±10 ±5
DC +20 Not applicable
-10
5.1.4 Excitation Signals
A suitable RF signal generator shall be used to simulate the radar signal typical of a modern marine radar conforming to
IEC 62388 [7] or IEC 62252 [8].
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 9,4 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the
90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns.
A typical 25 kw X-Band radar will give a power density at 1 nm (typical range at which saturation starts) of some
0,58 W/m² and the signal generator used shall be capable of producing a variable level at the RTE which encompasses this
figure.
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 3,05 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the
90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns.
A typic
...
Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Active radar target enhancers;
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG26-080
Keywords
maritime, navigation, radar, radio
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ETSI
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.6
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Abbreviations.7
4 Technical requirements .7
4.1 Environmental profile.7
4.2 Conformance requirements.8
4.2.1 Radiated emissions.8
4.2.1.1 Definition.8
4.2.1.2 Limits.8
4.2.1.3 Conformance.8
4.2.2 Operating frequency.8
4.2.2.1 Definition.8
4.2.2.2 Limits.8
4.2.2.3 Conformance.8
4.2.3 Radiated output power .8
4.2.3.1 Definition.8
4.2.3.2 Limits.9
4.2.3.3 Conformance.9
4.2.4 Stability.9
4.2.4.1 Definition.9
4.2.4.2 Limits.9
4.2.4.3 Conformance.9
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions.9
4.2.5.1 Definition.9
4.2.5.2 Limits.9
4.2.5.3 Conformance.9
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.10
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures.10
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment.10
5.1.2 Normal test conditions .10
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity .10
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply .10
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply .10
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions.10
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit .10
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit .11
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions.11
5.1.4 Excitation Signals .11
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing.11
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing .11
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results .11
5.3 Essential radio test suites.12
5.3.1 Radiated emissions.12
5.3.2 Operating frequency.12
5.3.3 Radiated output power .13
5.3.4 Stability.13
5.3.5 Radiated spurious emissions.14
ETSI
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
5.4 Other test specifications.14
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT).15
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurement.17
B.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .17
B.1.1 Anechoic chamber.17
B.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a ground plane .18
B.1.3 OATS.19
B.1.4 Test antenna.20
B.1.5 Substitution antenna.20
B.1.6 Measuring antenna.21
B.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .21
B.2.1 Verification of the test site .21
B.2.2 Preparation of the RTE.21
B.2.3 Power supplies to the RTE .21
B.2.4 Void.22
B.2.5 Range length.22
B.2.6 Site preparation.22
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .24
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.25
History .26
ETSI
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase
of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
Technical specifications relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC are given in annex A.
The present document is a harmonized EN covering the essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive
for active radar target enhancers.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
ETSI
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document applies to active radar target enhancers which operate in the frequency range 2 900 MHz to
3 100 MHz and/or 9 300 MHz to 9 500 MHz allocated to the radio navigation service as defined in article 5 of the
Radio Regulations [2].
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [1] (R&TTE Directive) article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [2] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] ITU Radio Regulations (2004).
[3] CENELEC EN 60945 (Edition 4 - 2002): "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication
equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results".
[4] ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 (2003): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
ETSI
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7 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
[5] Void.
[6] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 (2002): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[7] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[8] ETSI TR 102 273 (2001) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[9] ETSI TR 100 028 (2001) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[10] ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 (1995): "Technical parameters of radar target enhancers".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[11] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down a procedure for
the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on
information society services.
[12] IEC 62388: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne
radar - Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results".
[13] IEC 62252: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Radar for
craft not in compliance with IMO SOLAS Chapter V - Performance requirements, methods of test
and required test results".
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
HS Harmonized Standard
OATS Open Area Test Site
OoB Out of Band
RCS Radar Cross Section
RF Radio Frequency
RTE Radar Target Enhancer
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Environmental profile
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile which, as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test conditions contained
in the present document.
ETSI
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
As technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient variety
of environmental conditions as specified in the present document to give confidence of compliance for the affected
technical requirements (which shall also be within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental
profile).
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Radiated emissions
4.2.1.1 Definition
Radiated electromagnetic emissions are to be understood as any signals radiated by the completely assembled and
operated radar equipment, other than the operating frequency, with its spectra, which can potentially disturb other
equipment on the ship, such as radio receivers or rate of turn indicators.
4.2.1.2 Limits
In the frequency range 150 kHz to 2 GHz, the measured radio frequency field strength at a distance of 3 m caused by
the RTE shall not exceed the limits shown in table 1.
Table 1: Radiated electromagnetic emission
Frequency range Measuring Bandwidth Limits
150 kHz to 300 kHz 9 kHz
10 mV/m to 316 μV/m (80 dBμV/m to 52 dBμV/m)
300 kHz to 30 MHz 9 kHz
316 μV /m to 50 μV/m (52 dBμV/m to 34 dBμV/m)
30 MHz to 2 GHz 120 kHz
500 μV /m (54 dBμV/m)
except for
156 MHz to 165 MHz 9 kHz
16 μV /m (24 dBμV/m) quasi peak or
32 μV /m (30 dBμV/m) peak
4.2.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.1 shall be carried out.
4.2.2 Operating frequency
4.2.2.1 Definition
Radar target enhancers simply amplify a received signal and then retransmit it at a higher power without any form of
frequency translation. The frequency of the input and output signals is always the same (see ITU-R Recommendation
M.1176 [10]).
4.2.2.2 Limits
The difference in frequency between the input exciting signal and the RTE output signal shall not exceed ±1 MHz.
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Radiated output power
4.2.3.1 Definition
The radiated output power of the RTE is the maximum RF output including the transmit antenna gain achievable at the
point of saturation of the power amplifier.
ETSI
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
4.2.3.2 Limits
The maximum radiated output power of the RTE shall be less than 10 W e.i.r.p.
4.2.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.4 Stability
4.2.4.1 Definition
This is where the input/output isolation of the RTE equipment is insufficient to prevent parasitic oscillation and should
be such that adjacent reflective objects (passing ship or radar reflector on channel bouy) does not induce parasitic
oscillation.
4.2.4.2 Limits
There shall be no observable emissions due to parasitic oscillation.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Radiated spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Spurious emissions as described in ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [4] are defined as the entity of all emissions in
the frequency range of 70 % of the cut-off frequency of the waveguide to 26 GHz, but outside the OoB-boundaries.
They include:
• harmonic emissions (whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions (independent, accidentally);
• intermodulation (between oscillator- and operation frequency or between oscillator and harmonics).
4.2.5.2 Limits
Out of band domain emissions do not apply to devices of this power (see ITU-R Recommendation SM.1541-1 [6]) and
so only the Spurious domain emission limits will apply to an active reflector. The reflector shall meet the requirements
of ITU-R Recommendation SM.329-10 [4] with the Category A limits for radiodetermination service equipment.
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
ETSI
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Test conditions, power supply and ambient temperatures
5.1.1 Standard operating mode of the RTE equipment
Unless otherwise stated the RTE equipment shall be set to the standard operating mode as indicated in the
manufacturers instructions.
5.1.2 Normal test conditions
5.1.2.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be a combination of temperature and humidity within the
following ranges:
o
a) temperature: +15 C to +35 °C; or within the manufacturers stated operating range and stated in the
report
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.2.2 Normal test power supply
5.1.2.2.1 AC test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared
voltage or any of the declared voltages for which the equipment is indicated as having been designed. The frequency of
the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.1.2.2.2 DC test power supply
Where the equipment is designed to operate from a DC source, the normal test voltage shall be the nominal voltage as
declared by the manufacturer -10 % to +20 %.
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of testing the power source voltage shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.
During testing, the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage level at
the beginning of each test.
5.1.3 Extreme test conditions
5.1.3.1 Extreme temperatures
5.1.3.1.1 Indoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: 0 °C to +40 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
ETSI
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 752 V1.1.1 (2008-04)
5.1.3.1.2 Outdoor unit
The temperature and humidity conditions for extreme tests shall be a combination of nominal temperature and humidity
within the following ranges:
a) temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C;
b) relative humidity: 20 % to 93 %.
When the relative humidity is lower than 20 %, it shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.3.2 Extreme power supply voltage test conditions
Table 2: Extreme power supply voltage and frequency tolerances
Power supply Voltage variation % Frequency variation %
AC
±10 ±5
DC +20 Not applicable
−10
5.1.4 Excitation Signals
Using a suitable RF signal generator a simulated radar signal typical of modern marine radar conforming to
IEC 62388 [12] or IEC 62252 [13].
5.1.4.1 Test Signal for X-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 9,4 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude shall be 20 ns ± 5 ns. The duration of the pulses between the
90 % values shall be 500 ns ± 50 ns.
A typical 25 kw X-Band radar will give a power density at 1 nm (typical range at which saturation starts) of some
0,58 W/m² and the signal generator system should be capable of producing a vairiable level at the RTE which encompasses
this figure.
5.1.4.2 Test Signal for S-Band testing
The signal shall be a pulsed carrier of 3,05 GHz with a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The rise time and decay time
between the 10 % and 90 % values of the pulse amplitude sh
...
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