ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Framework for Public Mobile Networks in Cooperative ITS (C-ITS); Release 2

RTR/ITS-0078

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ITS WG23 - Architecture & Cross Layers, Networking & Transport
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 07-May-2026
• Completion Date: 18-May-2026

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Framework for Public Mobile Networks in
Cooperative ITS (C-ITS);
Release 2
2 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)

Reference
RTR/ITS-0078
Keywords
cellular, ITS
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Overview . 11
5 C-ITS architecture over cellular networks . 11
5.1 ITS communication system architecture and ITS station reference architecture . 11
5.2 System architecture of ITS using cellular infrastructure and the Uu interface . 13
6 Identification and enhancements of ITS applications and related use cases . 15
6.1 Introduction . 15
6.2 ETSI ITS Basic Set of Applications . 16
6.2.0 Introduction. 16
6.2.1 Active road safety and cooperative traffic efficiency use cases . 16
6.2.2 Co-operative local services and global internet services use cases . 17
6.3 Support to ETSI ITS Basic Set of Applications . 18
6.3.1 Introduction. 18
6.3.2 Decentralized Event Notification (DEN) Service . 18
6.3.3 Cooperative Awareness Service . 19
6.3.4 Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) . 20
6.3.5 Platooning . 20
6.3.6 Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) protection . 20
6.3.7 Collective Perception Service (CPS) . 21
6.3.8 Maneuver Coordination Service (MCS) . 22
6.3.9 Automated Vehicle Marshalling (AVM) . 22
6.4 Example implementations and deployments . 22
6.4.1 Roadwork warning . 22
7 Impacts on ETSI ITS standards for cooperative ITS . 23
Annex A: Cellular 4G/5G System and Technical Features Supporting ITS Services . 24
A.1 Introduction . 24
A.1.0 Overview . 24
A.1.1 Quality of Service (priority for ITS information) . 24
A.1.2 Cross border (Mobile network change) . 24
A.1.3 Latency and distributed computing . 24
A.2 ITS backend communications enabling interoperable C-ITS applications . 25
A.2.0 Overview . 25
A.2.1 Basic network architecture for information sharing among ITS backend systems . 26
A.2.2 Evolved network architecture for sharing information between countries/regions . 27
A.3 Security and Privacy . 28
A.3.0 Introduction . 28
A.3.1 System architecture and ecosystem overview . 28
A.3.2 Security . 29
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4 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
A.3.2.1 Security within a stakeholder domain . 29
A.3.2.2 Security between stakeholder domains . 29
A.3.2.3 Credential handling for security domains . 30
A.3.2.4 Interaction between different security domains . 30
A.3.3 Privacy . 30
A.3.4 Further notes on direct V2X and V2N2X . 31
Annex B: ITS Message Delivery (Geocast) Solutions . 32
B.1 System architecture and end-to-end message flow . 32
B.2 ITS message dissemination using IoT messaging protocols, e.g. MQTT . 32
B.2.1 System architecture and end-to-end message flow . 32
B.2.2 Communication protocol stack . 33
B.2.3 Addressability of ITS stations using cellular uplink/downlink communication . 34
B.2.3.1 Server address for uplink . 34
B.2.3.2 Geocast with MQTT in downlink . 34
B.2.4 Security and privacy . 34
B.2.5 QoS provision . 34
Annex C: Numerical results for CAM and CPM load reduction using prediction error . 35
History . 37

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5 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), e.g. as defined in Directive (EU) 2023/2661 [i.6], cover a wide
range of different scenarios for road transport with entities in the infrastructure (already existent or newly to be
developed), in vehicles, in portable devices, and in ITS backends. C-ITS can be implemented using communication
technologies out of multiple classes and benefit from the interoperability at different ISO OSI layers. Different
communication technologies may include but not be limited, e.g.:
• Direct communications, also known as ad-hoc communications, e.g. ITS-G5 standardized at ETSI and 3GPP
Cellular V2X PC5 interface (LTE PC5 or NR PC5).
• Cellular network communications, e.g. the Uu interface of 3GPP UMTS (3G), LTE (4G), NR (5G), and future
generations.
• Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) communications or satellite communications.
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6 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
The present document describes the framework of public cellular mobile networks and the usage of 3GPP Uu interface
in C-ITS implementations. The focus of the present document is on the standardization activities in ETSI TC ITS to
enable interoperability, mainly at the ITS facilities layer, among C-ITS implementations using cellular networks, as
well as among C-ITS implementations using different communication technologies.
In the present document, C-ITS refers to the ITS ecosystem implementation in Europe according to the definition and
requirements in Directive (EU) 2023/2661 [i.6]. When discussing cellular mobile network functions, features, and
supports that are generally applicable to different ITS ecosystem implementations, including but beyond C-ITS, e.g. ITS
implementation in other public and private sectors, the term ITS may be used.
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7 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
1 Scope
The present document is based on an analysis of cooperative ITS (C-ITS) services using public mobile cellular
networks for communications between ITS stations, in order to:
• identify related functional requirements on the ITS architecture;
• identify required amendments/modifications of existing standards on ITS, in order to enable usage of public
mobile cellular networks.
The result of the investigations is illustrated in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding, but are not required for conformance to the present document.
[i.1] ETSI TS 103 900 (V2.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Facilities Layer; Cooperative
Awareness Service; Release 2".
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 831 (V2.3.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Facilities Layer; Decentralized
Environmental Notification Service; Release 2".
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 638 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Basic Set of Applications; Release 2".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 962 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Framework for Public Mobile
Networks in Cooperative ITS (C-ITS)".
[i.5] ETSI TR 103 630 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Pre-standardization
Study on ITS Facility Layer Security for C-ITS Communication Using Cellular Uu Interface".
[i.6] Directive (EU) 2023/2661 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 November 2023
amending Directive 2010/40/EU on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport
Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport.
[i.7] C-Roads Platform: "C-ITS IP Based Interface Profile Version 1.7.0".
NOTE: Document "C-ITS IP Based Interface Profile Version 1.7.0" (which is part of the "Harmonised C-ITS
Specifications - Release 1.7").
[i.8] AMQP: "Advanced Message Queuing Protocol".
[i.9] C-Roads Platform: "Working Group 2 Technical Aspects, Task force 2 "Service Harmonization,
Common C-ITS Service and Use Case Definitions". Version 1.7.0, June 2020.
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8 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
[i.10] ETSI TR 103 300-1 (V2.3.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)
awareness; Part 1: Use Cases definition; Release 2" .
ETSI TR 103 299 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport System (ITS); Cooperative Adaptive Cruise
[i.11]
Control (CACC); Pre-standardization study".
[i.12] ETSI TS 103 324: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of
Applications; Collective Perception Service; Release 2".
[i.13] ETSI White Paper No. 11: "Mobile Edge Computing, A key technology towards 5G"
(First edition - September 2015).
.14]
[i ETSI TS 103 300-3 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)
awareness; Part 3: Specification of VRU awareness basic service; Release 2".
[i.15] ETSI GS MEC 030 (V2.2.1): "Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); V2X Information Service
API".
[i.16] ISO/DIS 21217(en): "Intelligent transport systems — Station and communication architecture",
2020.
[i.17] ITS America Whitepaper: "Beyond 5.9 V2X Deployment Plan", August. 2024.
[i.18] 5GAA Position Paper: "V2N2X security, privacy, and data quality", December 2024.
[i.19] 5GAA Whitepaper: "Road Traffic Operation in a Digital Age: A Holistic Cross-Stakeholder
Approach", June 2025.
[i.20] 5GAA Technical Report: "Vehicle-to-Network-to-Everything (V2N2X) Communications:
Architecture, Solution Blueprint, and Use Case Implementation Examples", June 2025.
[i.21]
5GAA Technical Report: "Cross-Working Group Work Items; Automated Valet Parking
Technology Assessment and Use Case Implementation Description; System Architecture, Cellular
Network and PC5 Direct Communication Solutions", September 2023.
[i.22] VDA Position Paper: "Requirements for automated valet parking systems", May 2023.
[i.23] Void.
[i.24] 5GAA Technical Report: "Cross-Working Group Work Item Network Reselection Improvements
(NRI)", 2021.
[i.25] ETSI TS 123 501 (V19.6.0), 5G; System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) (3GPP TS 23.501
version 19.6.0 Release 19).
[i.26] ETSI TR 103 562 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Basic Set of Applications; Analysis of the Collective Perception Service (CPS); Release 2".
[i.27] ETSI TS 103 882 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Automated Vehicle Marshalling
(AVM); Release 2".
[i.28] IEEE™ 1609.2-2022: "IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments--Security
Services for Application and Management Messages".
[i.29] Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/962 of 18 December 2014 supplementing
Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision
of EU-wide real-time traffic information services.
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9 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
5G System: 3GPP system consisting of 5G Access Network (AN), 5G Core Network and UE
geocast: distributing ITS message to target vehicles or end user devices in a specific geographical area
ITS backend: centralized system in the backend providing ITS services
EXAMPLE: Systems at traffic control, traffic management, ITS application suppliers, or automotive OEMs.
NOTE: A central ITS station may be part of an ITS backend.
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
5GS 5G System
5QI 5G Quality of Service Identifier
AID Application Identifier
AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
API Application Programming Interface
AS Application Server
AVM Automated Vehicle Marshalling
BI Backend Interface
BM-SC Broadcast Multicast Service Centre
BSA Basic Set of Applications
BSC Base Station Controller
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CA Certificate Authority
CACC Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control
CAM Cooperative Awareness Message
CCoC Common Code of Conduct
CELL_DCH Cell Dedicated Channel
CELL_FACH Cell Forward Access Channel
CHW Cellular Hazard Warning
C-ITS Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems
CPM Collective Perception Message
CPS Collective Perception Service
C-V2X Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything
DATEX Data Exchange
DENM Decentralized Environmental Notification Message
DL Downlink
DNS Domain Name System
DPCH Dedicated physical channel
DRX Discontinuous Reception
E2E End to End
ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
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FACH Forward Access Channel
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
FTAP Fast traffic access protocol
Gb/Gn Interface between GGSN Node and Internet
GC-SAP Geocast Client Service Access Point
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HS-DSCH High speed dedicated shared channel
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
II Interchange Interface
IMS Internet Multimedia Subsystem
IOO Infrastructure Owner Operator
IoT Internet of Things
ISI Information Sharing Instances
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
IVI In Vehicle Information
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
LTE Long Term Evolution
MA Misbehavior Authority
MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services
MCCH MBMS Control Channel
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MEC Mobile Edge Computing
MICH MBMS Notification Indicator Channel.
MIMO Multiple-input and multiple-output
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
MS Mobile Station
MSA MBMS Service Area
MSCH MBMS Scheduling
MTCH MBMS Traffic Channel
NR New Radio
NTN Non-Terrestrial Network
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OSI Open System Interconnection
PC5 Proximity-based Communication (Interface) 5
PDCH Physical Data Channel
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PoTi Position and Time
POTI Position and Time
QoS Quality of Service
R&D Research and Develoment
REST REpresentational State Transfer
RHW Road Hazard Warning
RLC Radio Link Controller
RNC Radio Network Controller
RO Road Operator
RRC Radio Resource Control
RTA Road Traffic Authority
RTI Road Traffic Information
RTT Round Trip Time
RTTI Real Time Traffic Information
RVO Remote Vehicle Operation
S-CCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
SIP Session Initialization Protocol
SMSCB Short Message Service Cell Broadcast
SP Service Provider
SPaT Signal Phase and Timing
SRTI Safety Related Traffic Information
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TLS Transport Layer Security
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TTI Transmission Time Interval
UA User Agent
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
URA_PCH Utran Registration Area-Paging Channel
V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
VAM VRU Awareness Message
VIS V2X Information Service
VMC Vehicle Montion Control
VRU Vulnerable Road User
W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
4 Overview
Starting from the ITS communication architecture and considering primarily, but not exclusively, the basic set of
applications identified in [i.3], a critical assessment of the applicability of mobile network access and IP unicast
communication to support the described application scenarios is given in the present document. This analysis refers to
technical standards developed by 3GPP for cellular mobile networks. Additional technical background provided by
R&D, pilot projects, as well as commercial deployments are considered in the present document.
As a result, the present document presents usage of cellular mobile networks and the 3GPP Uu interface for C-ITS.
5 C-ITS architecture over cellular networks
5.1 ITS communication system architecture and ITS station
reference architecture
As shown in the example ITS station reference architecture in Figure 2 ([i.16]), different communication technologies
can provide access layer connectivity service for communication among ITS stations and ITS sub-systems (see
Figure 1). Cellular networks that use technologies standardized in 3GPP, where the communication interface to the User
Equipment is known as the Uu interface, is one of the communication technologies and solutions providing IP unicast
communication at the network layer, to support ITS services.
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Figure 1: Illustration of ITS sub-systems [i.16]
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13 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)

Figure 2: Examples of possible elements in the ITS station reference architecture [i.16]
5.2 System architecture of ITS using cellular infrastructure and
the Uu interface
Figure 3 shows an overview of ITS using long-range cellular communication, where the dashed lines indicate links
using cellular network, also referred to as long-range communication in the present document, access and solid lines
show the backend connections, where ITS messages are communicated.
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Interchange Interchange
Server Server
(Country/Region A) (Country/Region B)
Road Traffic
Authority
Road Operator
(with RSU)
ITS Application Road Traffic
Provider Cloud Authority (RTA)
Vehicle OEM
(RSU and Cellular)
Clouds
Mobile network
Short-range V2X
Long-range cellular
RSU RSU
Cellular
Cellular + Cellular +
Cellular + Short-range Short-range
Smart Phone
Short-range
Figure 3: Overview of ITS using cellular network involving multiple service providers
and backend cloud systems
As shown in Figure 3, mobile cellular networks support communication among vehicle-, roadside-, personal-, and
central-ITS stations. Following ITS messages flows are supported by long-range cellular network communication:
• ITS messages are transmitted from ITS stations using the cellular User Equipment (UEs) to ITS central
systems, where central ITS stations are located. In this case, cellular Uu interface is used for the uplink IP
unicast communication.
• ITS messages are transmitted from the ITS central systems to ITS stations using cellular UEs. In this case, the
Uu interface is used for the downlink IP unicast communication.
• ITS messages are transmitted from the ITS central systems to ITS stations using the Uu interface and downlink
broadcast/multicast communication, when available.
NOTE: Due to limited deployment of cellular broadcast and multicast communication in commercial cellular
networks, the present document only focuses on IP unicast uplink and downlink communications over
cellular networks.
Combination of above ITS message flows enable communications among all ITS stations that use cellular UE within
the coverage of mobile networks.
The cellular Uu interface does not support local direct ad-hoc communication among ITS stations that does not rely on
the network infrastructure. This local direct ad-hoc communication is provided by short-range communication, e.g. the
LTE-V2X sidelink, NR-V2X sidelink, or ITS-G5. Compared with short-range communication, the Uu cellular interface
offers longer communication distance and end-to-end communication between vehicle-, roadside-, personal-ITS stations
and the ITS central systems at the backends.
Cellular networks support end-to-end IP-based communication, regardless of the generation of cellular communication
technology and mobile communication service provider. An example of the End-to-end protocol stack for ITS
applications through 3GPP LTE (4G) network is shown in Figure 4.
While communication delays can be reduced thanks to Quality of Service (QoS) within the cellular network and kept
easily below a few tens of ms, the internet part of the communication path between the cellular networks and the servers
may introduce significant delays and jitters in the overall communication paths. Additional network switching latency
may be introduced, e.g. when vehicle ITS stations move from the coverage of one mobile operator network to another.
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One possibility to reduce the length of communication paths and IP routing uncertainties is to duplicate and distribute
geographically the servers or their required functions, for instance by mimicking or using Content Delivery Network
concepts. The idea is even further advanced with the concept of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). In MEC, the
computing resources are directly located at the edge of cellular network under the control of the mobile operator or even
at the edge of the radio access network. Consequently, OEM and ITS application servers can then directly run as close
as possible to the ITS stations, taking benefits of QoS. MEC can be used for computational offloading, collaborative
computing, content delivery, etc., making it a key element for the deployment of connected and autonomous vehicles.
In terms of supporting ITS applications, ETSI ISG MEC has specified a V2X Information Service (VIS) and its API in
[i.15], in order to facilitate interoperability in a multi-vendor, multi-network and multi-access environment.
NOTE: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) concept has been extended to any type of IP access and is now formally
named Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) [i.13].

Figure 4: Example end-to-end protocol stack of wide-area communication
in ITS system through cellular Uu interface
6 Identification and enhancements of ITS applications
and related use cases
6.1 Introduction
This clause presents example ITS services and use cases that can be supported by cellular mobile networks. The main
intention of this clause is to illustrate solution examples and capabilities of cellular network in supporting ITS services
and user cases, instead of providing an exhaustive list of ITS services to be supported by cellular networks. Other ITS
services that are not covered in the present document may also be supported using cellular network, as far as the
corresponding communication requirements can be fulfilled. It is worth noting that ITS services and use cases described
in the present document may also be supporting using other communication technologies, e.g. short-range
communications, satellite communications, etc., or combination of multiple communications technologies, which may
better satisfy the general road safety and/or road traffic efficiency objectives than using a single communication
technology.
As an starting point, the use cases identified in [i.3] (BSA) and C-Roads [i.9] have been analysed considering these
capabilities with the goal of identifying the ones that can be deployed using cellular networks. Furthermore, the present
document also selects some ITS day 2 use cases that ETSI TC ITS is working on under the framework of ITS release 2
standards.
The present document analyses ETSI TC ITS specifications and reports of applications, use cases, and facilities layer
functionalities, considering multiple access technologies supports, e.g. cellular network and short-range
communications.
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6.2 ETSI ITS Basic Set of Applications
6.2.0 Introduction
Based on the considerations in clause 6.1, applicability to cellular networks of selected use cases described in [i.3], have
been identified and sorted out in the two following clauses.
6.2.1 Active road safety and cooperative traffic efficiency use cases
Table 1 shows the applicability of the active road safety and cooperative traffic efficiency related use cases to the
cellular network, together with selected reference use cases following the table. It is worth noting that the types of
facilities layer messages provided in Table 1 are examples.
Table 1: Analysis of cooperative road safety related use cases
Use Case Title Facilities layer Notes
message in a cellular
network
Vehicle status warnings
Emergency electronic N/A
brake lights
Safety function out of DENM
normal condition warning
Vehicle type warnings
Emergency vehicle CAM and DENM
warning
Slow vehicle warning CAM and DENM
Motorcycle warning CAM/VAM
Vulnerable road user DENM/VAM
Warning
Traffic hazard warnings As cellular network gives larger
coverage, DENM over cellular is more
efficient in reaching far distant ITS
stations.
Wrong way driving DENM
warning
Stationary vehicle warning DENM
Traffic condition warning DENM
Signal violation warning DENM
Roadwork warning DENM
Decentralized floating car DENM
data
Dynamic vehicle warnings
Overtaking vehicle N/A
warning
Lane change assistance N/A
Pre-crash sensing N/A
warning
Co-operative glare N/A
reduction
Collision Risk Warning
Across traffic turn collision N/A

risk warning
Merging Traffic Turn N/A
Collision Risk Warning
Co-operative merging N/A
assistance
Hazardous location DENM
notification
Intersection Collision N/A
Warning
Co-operative forward N/A
collision warning
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Use Case Title Facilities layer Notes
message in a cellular
network
Collision Risk Warning N/A
from roadside
infrastructure
Traffic Efficiency
Regulatory/contextual DENM Use of DENM approach is proposed as
speed limits an alternative to BSA approach that
indicates use of CAM.
Traffic light optimal speed DENM Use of DENM approach is proposed as
advisory an alternative to BSA approach that
indicates use of CAM.
Traffic information and DENM
recommended itinerary
Enhanced route guidance DENM
and navigation
Intersection management N/A
Co-operative flexible lane N/A
change
Limited access warning, DENM
detour notification
In-vehicle signage DENM
Electronic toll collect Both access technologies (direct
short-range and cellular) are deployed in
commercial applications.
Co-operative adaptative See clause 6.4.2
cruise control
Co-operative vehicle- See clause 6.4.23
highway automation
system (Platoon)
• Emergency vehicle warning:
Note that while CAM based on short-range direct communications is currently defined for implementing this
use case, the related service can be enhanced with cellular networks. The position of the emergency vehicle
can be used to send DENM messages to cars within the vicinity of the emergency vehicle but beyond the range
supported in short range wireless communication, hence allowing the emergency vehicle faster movement.
• Signal violation warning:
DENM handling based on Geocast (see Annex B) can be applied also to the case DENM is generated by
roadside infrastructure, as given in this use case. It is worth noting that the roadside infrastructure can be
connected to a fixed line infrastructure. Activation of sending DENMs over cellular networks depends on the
actual importance of the event. DENM dissemination to neighboring vehicles should apply to scenarios where
line of sight between vehicles and roadside infrastructure is not guaranteed.
• Roadwork Warning:
This use case is similar to Emergency vehicle warning, but with the added feature to provide roadwork
personnel with terminals (ITS stations) allowing easy placing of roadwork warning over a map managed by an
application server.
6.2.2 Co-operative local services and global internet services use cases
Co-operative local services and global internet services use cases can be managed through cellular network access with
or without the use of Geocast capabilities (see Annex B). The use cases are depicted in Table 2.
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18 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
Table 2: Analysis of co-operative local services and global internet services use cases
Use Case Title Support in a Cellular network
Point of interest notification Yes
Automatic access control/parking Yes
access
Local electronic commerce Yes
Car rental/sharing Yes
assignment/reporting
Media downloading Yes
Map download and update Yes
Ecological/economical drive Yes
Instant messaging Yes
Personal data synchronization Yes
SOS service Yes
Stolen vehicle alert Yes
Remote diagnosis and just in time Yes
repair notification
Vehicle relation management Yes
Vehicle data collect for product life Yes
cycle management
Insurance and financial Services Yes
Fleet management Yes
Vehicle software/data provisioning Yes
and update
Loading zone management Yes
Vehicle and roadside infrastructure Yes
data calibration
6.3 Support to ETSI ITS Basic Set of Applications
6.3.1 Introduction
The ITS basic set of applications analysed in clause 6.2 are essentially safety applications aimed at increasing the
awareness of dangerous and unexpected situations by disseminating basic status information of road users using
Cooperative Awareness service or detected events by road users or the infrastructure using Decentralized Event
Notification (DEN) service. Furthermore, release 2 ITS services, e.g. Collective Perception Service (CPS) and
Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Awareness service, are broadening the scope of paradigm to enable road users to fulfil
cooperative automated driving scenarios by exchanging more sophisticated information between the road users and road
infrastructure.
The clauses below discuss the ETSI ITS services, with which cellular networks can support the release 2 applications,
and the impact that cellular network communication may have on these use cases.
6.3.2 Decentralized Event Notification (DEN) Service
DEN service is related to event detection and dissemination. Support of DEN Message (DENM) [i.2] by cellular
networks can bring added value in the ability to consolidate the information of numerous events that originate from ITS
stations in the various relevance areas, coordinate these events, and track them in a way that allows only dissemination
of useful information in the relevance areas. This added intelligence for data miming can only be centrally supported.
In addition to the business value associated with the consolidation and coordination of event-related information, this
has several functional advantages:
1) Redundant uplink transmission of the event can be avoid by the originating ITS station based on the
acknowledged notification of the same event on the downlink channel. This eliminates the need to repeat
sending the same event again. This enhances system scalability and reduces network congestion.
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19 ETSI TR 102 962 V2.1.1 (2026-05)
2) Policies can be built in the central message dissemination functions that allow information related to events to
be disseminated into an area larger than the original relevance area if warranted. The vehicle can enter the
relevance area already pre-warned and increased warning levels can be assigned when approaching the
position of the event.
3) For an approaching vehicle, there is no need to have a vehicle or roadside infrastructure in its vicinity to be
notified of any event. The dissemination of the event is done within the cellular wide coverage.
6.3.3 Cooperative Awareness Service
Cooperative Awareness service is relevant to disseminating position, dynamics and attributes information of ITS
stations, in order to improve the awareness among road users and between road users and road infrastructure. In
addition to increasing the mutual awareness of road users, Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) [i.1] from road
use
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