ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)

• Abstract:

  REN/SES-00437

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: SES HARM - SES WG on R&TTE dir. 99/5/EC and and RED dir. 2014/53/EU
• Current Stage: 9 - TB approval
• Due Date: 17-Dec-2026

Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

2 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)

Reference
REN/SES-00437
Keywords
antenna, earth station, GSO, regulation, satellite,
train
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from the
ETSI Search & Browse Standards application.
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format on ETSI deliver repository.
Users should be aware that the present document may be revised or have its status changed,
this information is available in the Milestones listing.
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comments to
the relevant service listed under Committee Support Staff.
If you find a security vulnerability in the present document, please report it through our
Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) program.
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.

Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, by any means and in any media, without the prior written
authorization of ETSI and except as expressly permitted below.
By way of exception and when the document is a normative deliverable (European Standard (EN),
Technical Specification (TS), Group Specification (GS) or ETSI Standard (ES)), ETSI authorizes to reproduce
and incorporate into products, services and technical documentation only those extracts (e.g. templates) that are strictly
necessary for the technical implementation of the normative deliverable, to ensure compliance with the latter.
Nothing in this notice shall be construed as limiting any mandatory exceptions to copyright provided by applicable law.

© ETSI 2026.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 10
2.1 Normative references . 10
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 13
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 Technical requirements specifications . 14
4.1 General . 14
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 14
4.1.2 Operational configurations . 14
4.1.3 EST states and radio states . 14
4.2 Conformance requirements . 16
4.2.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 16
4.2.1.1 Justification . 16
4.2.1.2 Specification. 16
4.2.1.3 Conformance tests . 17
4.2.2 On-axis spurious radiation . 17
4.2.2.1 Justification . 17
4.2.2.2 Specification. 17
4.2.2.2.1 "Carrier-on" radio state . 17
4.2.2.2.2 "Carrier-off" and "Emissions disabled" radio states . 18
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 18
4.2.3 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 18
4.2.3.0 General . 18
4.2.3.1 Justification . 18
4.2.3.2 Specification. 18
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 20
4.2.4 Carrier suppression . 20
4.2.4.1 Justification . 20
4.2.4.2 Specification. 20
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 20
4.2.5 Antenna characteristics . 20
4.2.5.1 Justification . 20
4.2.5.2 Specification. 20
4.2.5.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 21
4.2.6.1 Justification . 21
4.2.6.2 Specification. 21
4.2.6.2.1 Specification 1: Mode of cessation of emissions . 21
4.2.6.2.2 Specification 2: Conditions for cessation of emissions . 22
4.2.6.2.3 Specification 3: Cessation of emissions . 22
4.2.6.2.4 Specification 4: Fault conditions . 22
4.2.6.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.7 Identification of EST . 23
4.2.7.1 Justification . 23
4.2.7.2 Specification. 23
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.8 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 23
ETSI
4 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
4.2.8.1 CMF state diagram . 23
4.2.8.2 Processor monitoring . 24
4.2.8.2.1 Justification . 24
4.2.8.2.2 Specification . 24
4.2.8.2.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.8.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 25
4.2.8.3.1 Justification . 25
4.2.8.3.2 Specification . 25
4.2.8.3.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.8.4 Power-on/Reset . 25
4.2.8.4.1 Justification . 25
4.2.8.4.2 Specification . 25
4.2.8.4.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.8.5 Control Channel (CC) and Response Channel (RC) . 25
4.2.8.5.1 Justification . 25
4.2.8.5.2 Specification . 26
4.2.8.5.3 Conformance tests . 26
4.2.8.6 Network control commands . 26
4.2.8.6.1 Justification . 26
4.2.8.6.2 Specification . 27
4.2.8.6.3 Conformance test . 27
4.2.8.7 Initial burst transmission . 27
4.2.8.7.1 Justification . 27
4.2.8.7.2 Specification . 27
4.2.8.7.3 Conformance tests . 27
4.2.8.8 Inhibition of transmissions . 28
4.2.8.8.1 Justification . 28
4.2.8.8.2 Specification . 28
4.2.8.8.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.9 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 28
4.2.9.1 Justification . 28
4.2.9.2 Specification. 28
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.10 Blocking performance . 29
4.2.10.1 Justification . 29
4.2.10.2 Specification. 29
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.11 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 29
4.2.11.1 Justification . 29
4.2.11.2 Specification. 29
4.2.11.3 Conformance tests . 30
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 30
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 30
6 Test methods for all aspects of the EST . 30
6.1 General . 30
6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 31
6.2.0 General . 31
6.2.1 Test method . 31
6.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 32
6.3.0 General . 32
6.3.1 Test method . 32
6.3.1.1 General . 32
6.3.1.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange . 32
6.3.1.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna . 33
6.4 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 34
6.4.0 General . 34
6.4.1 Test method . 34
6.4.1.1 General . 34
6.4.1.2 Transmit output power density . 34
6.4.1.2.1 General . 34
ETSI
5 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
6.4.1.2.2 Test site. 35
6.4.1.2.3 Method of measurement . 35
6.4.1.3 Antenna transmit gain . 36
6.4.1.3.1 General . 36
6.4.1.3.2 Test site. 36
6.4.1.3.3 Method of measurement . 36
6.4.1.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 37
6.4.1.4.1 General . 37
6.4.1.4.2 Test site. 37
6.4.1.4.3 Test arrangement . 37
6.4.1.4.4 Co-polar radiation pattern-azimuth . 38
6.4.1.4.5 Co-polar radiation pattern-elevation . 38
6.4.1.4.6 Cross-polar radiation pattern-azimuth . 39
6.4.1.4.7 Cross-polar radiation pattern-elevation . 39
6.4.2 Computation of results . 40
6.5 Carrier suppression . 40
6.5.1 Test method . 40
6.6 Antenna pointing . 40
6.6.1 General . 40
6.6.2 Test method . 41
6.7 Antenna mechanical stability . 42
6.7.1 Test method . 42
6.8 Void . 42
6.9 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 42
6.9.0 General . 42
6.9.1 Test Method . 42
6.9.1.1 Required documentation . 42
6.9.1.2 Cessation of emissions from the "Transmission enabled" state . 43
6.9.1.3 Cessation of emission from the "Transmission disabled" state . 43
6.9.1.4 Cessation of emission from the "Initial Phase" state . 43
6.9.1.4.1 EUTs transmitting initial bursts . 43
6.9.1.4.2 EUTs not transmitting initial bursts . 44
6.9.1.5 "Single action" means of cessation of emissions. 44
6.9.1.6 Fault conditions . 45
6.10 Identification of EST . 45
6.10.1 Test arrangement . 45
6.10.2 Test method . 45
6.11 Control and monitoring functions . 45
6.11.0 General . 45
6.11.1 Test arrangement . 45
6.11.2 Processor monitoring- Test method . 45
6.11.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring-Test method . 46
6.11.4 Power-on/Reset-Test method . 46
6.11.5 Control Channel and Response Channel -Test method . 46
6.11.6 Network Control commands-Test method . 47
6.11.7 Initial burst transmission-Test method . 48
6.11.8 Inhibition of transmission-Test method . 49
6.12 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 49
6.12.1 Test Method . 49
6.12.1.1 Test site . 49
6.12.1.2 Method of measurement . 49
6.13 Blocking performance . 50
6.13.1 Test method . 50
6.14 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 51
6.14.1 Test method . 51
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 52
Annex B (normative): Mechanical stability methodology . 55
Annex C (informative): Maximum measurement uncertainty . 57
ETSI
6 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 58
Annex E (informative): Change history . 59
History . 60

ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables (European Standard (EN), Technical Specification (TS),
Group Specification (GS) or ETSI Standard (ES)) may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations pertaining to these
essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in
ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI IPR online database.
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its
Members. 3GPP™, LTE™ and 5G™ logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the
3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of ®
the oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI
Standardisation Request deliverable Approval Procedure (SRdAP).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.12].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Earth Stations located on
board Trains, which have the following characteristics.
External Mounted Equipment, EME Internal Mounted Equipment, IME
Enclosure / Ra dome
LNB
Antenna Radio Modem
On -Train
HPA
Services
Stabilization & Tracking
Antenna Internal
Int erface
Mech anism
Control  CMF
Figure 1: EST System Overview
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary.
• The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and
interruptions in the satellite link.
• The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution
and/or exchange of information.
• The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface
with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface).
• The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is allocated to the
Mobile Satellite Service (Earth-to-space), as secondary service.
• The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz.
• The EST uses linear or circular polarization.
• The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary
satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and
over the same coverage area.
• The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon.
• The EST is designed for unattended operation.
• The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of
the present document.
The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and
when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as defined for the intended use of the
EST and when installed as required by the defined intended use of the EST or in the user documentation.
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53 [i.12] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] Void.
[3] CISPR 16-1-5:2014+AMD1:2016: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna
calibration sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding, but are not required for conformance to the present document.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] ECC Decision (20)02: "Harmonised use of the paired frequency bands 874.4- 880.0 MHz and
919.4-925.0 MHz and of the unpaired frequency band 1900-1910 MHz for Railway Mobile Radio
(RMR)".
[i.3] Void.
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 215 (2004): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Recommended approach, and possible limits for measurement uncertainty for the measurement of
radiated electromagnetic fields above 1 GHz".
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] EN 50155: "Railway applications - Electronic equipment used on rolling stock", (produced by
CEN).
[i.7] BS EN 60068 Parts 2-6, 2-57, 2-65: "Environmental testing. Test methods for vibration and
shock", (produced by CEN).
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
[i.8] EN 61373: "Railway applications. Rolling stock equipment. Shock and vibration tests", (produced
by CEN).
[i.9] EN 60945: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - General
requirements - Methods of testing and required test results", (produced by CEN).
[i.10] EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
information technology equipment", (produced by CEN).
[i.11] ETSI TR 102 375 (2005): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Guidelines for determining
the parts of satellite earth station antenna radiation patterns concerned by the geostationary satellite
orbit protection".
[i.12] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC (RE Directive).
[i.13] ETSI EG 203 336: "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.12] and the following apply:
ancillary equipment: equipment used in connection with an EST is considered as ancillary if the three following
conditions are met:
a) the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the EST to provide additional operational and/or control
features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
b) the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of the EST; and
c) the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the EST
carrier-off radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and does not transmit any carrier
NOTE 1: The phrase "the EST may transmit" means that all the conditions for transmission are satisfied (e.g. in a
state where transmissions are permitted, no failure detected, and the EST is correctly pointed towards the
satellite).
NOTE 2: The existence of a "Carrier-off" radio state depends on the system of transmission used. For ESTs
designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no "Carrier-off" state.
carrier-on radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and transmits a carrier
Control Channel (CC): channel or channels by which ESTs receive control information from the NCF
EIRP : maximum e.i.r.p. capability of the EST as defined for the intended use of the EST
max
emissions disabled radio state: radio state in which the EST does not emit
NOTE: Examples of cases where the EST is in this radio state: before system monitoring pass, before the control
channel is received, when a failure is detected, when an EST is commanded to disable, and when the EST
is in a location requiring cessation of emissions.
external control channel: control channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
external response channel: response channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
ETSI
12 Draft ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.18 (2026-09)
Externally Mounted Equipment (EME): that part of the EST intended to be installed on the outside of the train
(usually the roof), as defined for the intended use of the EST, or as indicated in the user documentation
NOTE 1: The EME unit is usually comprised of the following main parts:
a) The antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and
vice versa.
b) The Low Noise Block (LNB) down converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low
intern
...