ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)

Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN) Unified data representation formats, semantic and open data model

DTS/SmartBAN-009

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Dec-2015
• Technical Committee: SmartBAN - Smart Body Area Network
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 11-Dec-2015
• Completion Date: 11-Dec-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN)
Unified data representation formats,
semantic and open data model

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2 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)



Reference
DTS/SmartBAN-009
Keywords
health, information model, interoperability,
ontology, security, semantic

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3 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Introduction . 11
5 Ambit and induced constraints . 11
6 SmartBAN open data model and ontology . 13
6.1 SmartBAN information analysis . 13
6.2 SmartBAN open data model ontology. 18
6.2.0 Introduction. 18
6.2.1 WBAN ontology . 21
6.2.2 Nodes ontology . 22
6.2.3 Process ontology . 24
6.2.4 Ontofull ontology . 25
6.2.5 OWL-DL formalization of the SmartBAN ontology . 26
6.3 SmartBAN ontology pre-validation . 27
Annex A (informative): Background and SoA . 30
A.0 Introduction . 30
A.1 Existing sensor/actuator and BAN data representation . 30
A.1.0 Introduction . 30
A.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) common used data representation models and ontologies . 30
A.1.1.0 Introduction. 30
A.1.1.1 OGC's Observations & Measurements (O&M) and SensorModel Language (SensorML) . 30
A.1.1.1.1 Observations and Measurements (O&M). 30
A.1.1.1.2 Sensor Model Language (SensorML) . 32
A.1.1.2 Existing WSN ontologies . 34
A.1.1.3 OntoSensor ontology . 35
A.1.1.4 Semantic Sensor Network ontology (SSN) . 36
A.1.1.5 WSSN ontology . 37
A.1.1.6 Semantic Web Based Architecture for Managing Hardware Heterogeneity. 38
A.1.2 Proposed sensor ontologies in the eHealth sector. 39
A.1.2.1 CEN TC 251 Health Informatics . 39
A.1.2.2 IEEE reference models for medical device communications . 41
A.1.2.3 Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) profiles for medical devices proposed by Continua Alliance . 41
A.1.2.4 ASTM E31 . 42
A.1.3 Ontology validation methods . 43
A.1.3.0 Introduction. 43
A.1.3.1 Common used symbolic-based method . 44
A.1.3.2 Common used attribute-based methods . 44
A.1.4 Preliminary conclusion concerning existing sensor ontologies . 45
Annex B (normative): OWL-DL formalization of the SmartBAN ontology . 47
B.1 Wban.owl . 47
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4 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
B.2 Nodes.owl . 50
B.3 Process.owl . 55
B.4 Ontofull.owl . 57
History . 63


ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Body Area Network
(SmartBAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
1 Scope
The present document specifies and formalizes SmartBAN unified data representation formats (including in particular
sensor/actuator/relay/coordinator/Hub descriptions and sensed/measured data), semantic open data model and
corresponding ontology.
The present document is applicable to a BAN and/or a Smart BAN comprising wearable sensors/actuators devices, a
relay/coordinator device and a Hub. The relay/Coordinator and the Hub functionalities may be handled by a single
device or by two distinct devices.
The present document does not yet address the specification and the formalization of the SmartBAN service ontology
and associated enablers. This will be addressed in the future release of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 103 325 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Low Complexity
Medium Access Control (MAC) for SmartBAN".
[2] ETSI TS 103 326 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBan); Enhanced Ultra-
Low Power Physical Layer".
[3] R. Hodgson, P. Keller, J. Hodges, J. Spivak: "QUDT - Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Data
Types Ontologies", 2013.
NOTE: Available at http://www.qudt.org/.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] S. Movassaghi, M. Abolhasan, J. Lipman, D. Smith and A. Jamalipour: "Wireless Body Area
Networks: A Survey", In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, issue 99, pp. 1-29, January
2014.
[i.2] J. Y. Khan and M. R. Yuce: "Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for Medical Applications",
New Developments in Biomedical Engineering, Domenico Campolo (Ed.), 2010, ISBN: 978-953-
7619-57-2.
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7 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
[i.3] A. B. M. Moniruzzaman, S. A. Hossain: "NoSQL Database: New Era of Databases for Big data
Analytics - Classification, Characteristics and Comparison," International Journal of Database
Theory and Application, Vol. 6, August 2013.
[i.4] I. döt Net, C. Evans, O. Ben-Kiki: "YAML Ain't Markup Language", 2011.
NOTE: Available at http://www.yaml.org/about.html.
[i.5] ECMA - 404 (10-2013): "The JSON Data Interchange Format".
NOTE: Available at http://json.org/.
[i.6] Apache Avro™ 1.7.7 Documentation.
NOTE 1: Available at http://avro.apache.org/docs/current/.
NOTE 2: Apache Avro™ is an example of a suitable product freely available. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
[i.7] IEEE 802.15.6 standard tutorial.
NOTE: Available at https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/dcn/11/15-11-0826-02-0006-ieee-802-15-6-tutorial.ppt.
[i.8] J. Ison, M.Kalas: "EDAM: an ontology of bioinformatics operations, types of data and identifiers,
topics and formats", 2013.
NOTE: Available at http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/EDAM.
[i.9] Location owl ontology.
NOTE: Available at http://dbpedia.org/ontology/location.
[i.10] M. Smethurst, R. Styles, T. Scott: "The Places ontology", 2007.
NOTE: Available at https://github.com/mmmmmrob/Places-Ontology/blob/master/schema.rdf.xml.
[i.11] I. Horrocks, P. F. Patel-Schneider, H. Boley, S. Tabet, B. Grosof and M. Dean: "SWRL: A
Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML", W3C Recommendation, May
2004.
[i.12] D. P. Swain, K. S. Abernathy, C. S. Smith, S. J. Lee, S. A. Bunn: "Target heart rates for the
development of cardio respiratory fitness", Med Sci Sports Exerc., 26(1):112-116, PMID:8133731,
1994.
[i.13] S. Cox: "Observations and measurements-xml implementation" OGC document, 2011.
NOTE: Available at http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om.
[i.14] ISO 19156: "Geographic information -- Observations and measurements".
NOTE: Available at http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32574.
®
[i.15] OGC Sensor Web Enablement.
NOTE: Available at http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/markets-technologies/swe.
®
[i.16] OGC Sensor Model Language (SensorML).
NOTE: Available at http://www.ogcnetwork.net/SensorML.
[i.17] R. Bendadouche, C. Roussey, G. De Sousa, J. Chanet and K. Mean Hou: "Extension of the
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology for Wireless Sensor Networks: The Stimulus-WSNnode-
Communication Pattern," In Proceedings of the 11th International Semantic Web Conference,
Boston, USA, November 2012.
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8 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
[i.18] M. Compton, C. Henson, L. Lefort and H. Neuhaus: "A survey of the semantic specification of
sensors," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks,
Washington DC., USA, October 2009.
[i.19] D.J. Russomanno, C. Kothari and O. Thomas: "Building a Sensor Ontology: A Practical Approach
Leveraging ISO and OGC Models," In Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, pp. 637-643, Las Vegas, NV USA, 2005.
[i.20] ISO 19115-1:2014: "Geographic information -- Metadata -- Part 1: Fundamentals".
NOTE: Available at http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53798.
[i.21] W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group.
NOTE: Available at http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/.
[i.22] S. Nicoliċ, V. Penca, M. Segedinac and Z. Konjoviċ: "Semantic Web Based Architecture for
managing hardware heterogeneity in Wireless Sensor Network", International Journal of Computer
Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 4, No 2, July 2011.
[i.23] CEN Technical Commitee 251 on health informatics - published standards.
NOTE: Available at
http://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:32:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:6232,25&cs=1FFF281
A84075B985DD039F95A2CAB820.
[i.24] CEN/ISO 13606 standard on semantic interoperability in the electronic health record
communication.
NOTE: Available at http://www.en13606.org/the-ceniso-en13606-standard
[i.25] ISO/IEEE 11073 standards: "Health informatics -- Personal health device communication".
NOTE: Available at http://www.iso.org/iso/home/search.htm?qt=11073&published=on&active-
tab=standards&sort-by=rel.
®
[i.26] Bluetooth Core Specification 4.2 document.
NOTE 1: Available at https://www.bluetooth.org/DocMan/handlers/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=286439.
®
NOTE 2: Bluetooth is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of the present document and does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of this
product.
[i.27] Recommendation ITU-T H.810: "Interoperability design guidelines for personal health systems".
NOTE: Available at http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.810-201312-S/en.
[i.28] ASTM - Committee E31 on Healthcare Informatics.
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/E31_Fact_Sheet_2015.pdf.
[i.29] ASTM E1238-97: "Standard Specification for Transferring Clinical Observations Between
Independent Computer Systems".
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1238.htm.
[i.30] ASTM E1394-97: "Standard Specification for Transferring Information Between Clinical
Instruments and Computer Systems".
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1394.htm.
[i.31] ASTM E1467-94 (2000): "Standard Specification for Transferring Digital Neurophysiological
Data Between Independent Computer Systems".
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1467.htm.
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9 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
[i.32] ASTM E2369: "Standard Specification for Continuity of Care Record (CCR)".
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2369.htm
[i.33] ASTM E1384: "Standard Practice for Content and Structure of the Electronic Health Record
(EHR)".
NOTE: Available at http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1384.htm
[i.34] S. Tartir, I. Arpinar and A. Sheth: "Ontological Evaluation and Validation", Theory and
Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications, Springer, pp. 115-130, 2010.
[i.35] N. Guarino, C. Welty: "An overview of OntoClean", Handbook On ontologies, Springer,
Chapter 8, 2009.
[i.36] V. Cross and A. Pal: "OntoCAT: An Ontology Consumer Analysis Tool and Its Use on Product
Services Categorization Standards", Computer Science and Systems Analysis, Miami University.
[i.37] A. Lozano-Tello, A. Gomez-Perez: "ONTOMETRIC: A method to choose the appropriate
Ontology", Journal of Database Management, 2 (15) pp. 1-18, 2004.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
example 1: text used to clarify abstract rules by applying them literally
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
s second
bps bit per second
bpm beats per minute
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANP Alert Notification Profile
ASTM American Standards for Testing and Materials
BAN Body Area Network
CCR Continuity of Care Record
CCU Central Control Unit
CEN European Committee for Standardisation
CESN Coastal Environmental Sensor Networks
CRS Coordinate Reference Systems
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
DL Description Logic
ECG Electrocardiogram
EDAM Embrace Data and Methods
EEG Electroencephalogram
EHR Electronic Health Record
GAP Generic Access Profile
GATT Generic Attribute Profile
GPS Global Positioning System
GW Gateway
HID Human Interface Device
HL7 Health Industry Level 7
HOGP HID Over GATT Profile
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10 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
HR Heart Rate
IC-ISM Intelligence Community Information Security Marking
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
KB Knowledge Base
LAN Local Area Network
LE Low Energy
LSDIS Large Scale Distributed Information Systems
MAC Media Access Control
MBAN Medical Body Area Network
MIPS Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages
MMI Marine Metadata Interoperability
NoSQL Not only SQL
NT Node Type
O&M Observations & Measurements
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OpenGIS Open Geospatial Consortium
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier
OWL Web Ontology Language
OWL DL Web Ontology Language Description Logic
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PER Packet Error Rate
PHD Personal Health Device
PHY Physical layer
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read-Only Memory
RTLS Real Time Location Services
SDO Sleep Domain Ontology
SEEK Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge
SensorML Sensor Model Language
SIG Special Interest Group
SPARQL SPARQL Query Language
SPP Scan Parameters Profile
SQL Structured Query Language
SSN Semantic Sensor Network
SUMO Suggested Upper Merged Ontology
SWAMO Sensor Web for Autonomous Mission Operations
SWE Sensor Web Enablement
TBD To Be Defined
TC Technical Committee
TTL Time to Live
UML Unified Modeling Language
US United States
UUID Universally Unique IDentifier
UWB Ultra Wide Band
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WBAN Wireless Body Area Network
WBANID Wireless Body Area Network Identifier
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
WSNs Wireless Sensor Networks
WSSN Wireless Semantic Sensor Network
XML Extensible Markup Language
YAML Yet Another Markup Language
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11 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)
4 Introduction
The present document gives the high level description of a unified data format providing one of the building blocks for
heterogeneity management in Smart BANs. The present document will in particular define a unified description model
with an extensible semantic metadata for Smart BAN entities related data as well as for monitoring and control
information. The corresponding metadata management and indexing framework will also be investigated.
5 Ambit and induced constraints
The scope of clause 5 of the present document is to briefly investigate the initial TC SmartBAN use case requirements
in order to point out their impact on ETSI TS 103 378 specifications and designs. The initial additional requirements
induced by ETSI TS 103 378 scenario will also be listed.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are made of a collection of low-power embedded devices, mainly sensors or
actuators that are used for monitoring vital data of a human and its environment (but not limited to human). Those
embedded devices are located in the vicinity or on or inside the body, and are mainly provided with short range
3
communication technologies. BANs are short distance networks of maximum 6 m that contain maximum 6 networks
2
per m and maximum 256 nodes per network [i.1]. These nodes may be mobile and the network topology may change
frequently. The data rate of sensed data can actually vary from 75,9 kbps to 15,6 Mbps [i.1]. WBANs are not expected
to be operated in licensed frequency bands. Hence, the frequency spectrum of operation will be in the unregulated
frequency bands for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. If ISM and MBAN bands (US and European)
with frequency between 2,3 GHz and 2,5 GHz are initially considered within TC SmartBAN, higher frequency bands
(from 3,2 to 10,2 GHz) will also be considered for allowing the support of Real Time Location Services (RTLS).
Finally, WBANs are characterized by strong constraints in terms of low power, low latency, low Packet Error Rate
(PER), reliability, QoS, coexistence and security. The initial technical requirements retained by TC SmartBAN for
WBAN parameters are listed in table 1.
Table 1
Parameter Smart BAN Requirements
Good (low interference to other systems, high tolerance to
Coexistence/robustness
interference)
Data rates (Sensor) Nominally < 100 kbps/node (vital sign monitoring)
Transmission rate (PHY) Up to 1 Mbps
Network topology Star network
Power consumption (node) TBD
Priority based control and cross layer optimization. Emergency signal
QoS control
transmission supported.
Reliability Robust to shadowing and multipath interference
Max. node capacity up to 16 nodes (typically 8)
Range < 1,5 m
Latency < 125 ms (high sampling applications e.g. ECG, EEG.)
Security / privacy TBD

The initial ambit envisioned by TC SmartBAN contributors is a BAN network organized around a Hub and mainly
following a star topology. The Hub play the role of the BAN cluster head and also serves as an intermediary Gateway
(GW) node allowing the interconnection of the BAN cluster with an healthcare local/remote monitoring and control
centre. This node, with extended memory and processing capacity (e.g. a smart phone), should be responsible for all the
heavy processing management and control operations of the SmartBAN. In case of a multi hope routing strategy, the
BAN shall be provided with at least a bridge/relay functionality that could be handle by the SmartBAN's Hub or within
a dedicated SmartBAN device. This relay/bridge device offers enhanced performance and robustness (e.g. relay around
hidden devices), as well as optimized SmartBAN solutions with enhanced connectivity (multi-radio) and routing
(multi-hop) capabilities. In some global healthcare architectures, the BAN's Hub role may sometimes be handled by a
cluster-external intermediary node called Central Control Unit (CCU) [i.2]. Finally, BAN discovery functionality and
interworking shall be handled and shall thus be taken into consideration for the specification of the SmartBAN semantic
open data model. Figure 1 gives a simple example of the considered SmartBAN end-to-end architecture.
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12 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)

Figure 1: Example of considered SmartBAN end-to-end architecture
One main objective of the present document is the BAN heterogeneity management through the specification of a
generic sensor and sensor data description and transfer format. This description format shall be as rich as possible to
allow e.g. conflict resolution or similarity detection, but shall also be handled with low processing, low power and in
quasi real time (e.g. latency < 125 ms and node addition or removal time < 3 s [i.1]). In that contex
...