ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)

IPv6-based Vehicular Networking (V2X)

DGR/IP6-0030

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: IP6 - IPv6 integration
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 27-Oct-2020
• Completion Date: 16-Oct-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)






GROUP REPORT
IPv6-based Vehicular Networking (V2X)
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the IPv6 Integration (IP6) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG)
and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

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2 ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)



Reference
DGR/IP6-0030
Keywords
IPv6, V2X

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3 ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 IPv6-based Vehicular Networking (V2X) . 12
4.1 Introduction . 12
4.2 IPv6 Transition Strategies . 12
4.3 World Wide V2X Standardisation Initiatives . 13
4.3.1 Applying IPv6 to Extra-Vehicular Communication . 13
4.3.2 Modelling IPv6 Links and Subnets over a Wireless LAN . 14
4.3.3 Applying IPv6 ND to Wireless Links . 15
4.3.4 Deeper dive on IPv6 Wireless ND . 16
®
4.3.5 Connecting to the infrastructure with IPv6 Over Wi-Fi . 17
4.3.6 Connecting to the infrastructure with IPv6 Over OCB . 17
4.3.7 Enabling network mobility . 19
4.3.8 Vehicle-to-Vehicle connectivity with MANET Technologies . 20
4.3.9 Security . 21
rd
4.3.10 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 22
4.3.11 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . 23
4.3.11.1 IPv6 in ITS Station Architecture . 23
4.3.11.2 IPv6 GeoNetworking in ITS Station Architecture . 23
4.3.12 ETSI ITS-G5 versus 3GPP C-V2X (AIOTI) . 25
4.3.12.1 ITS-G5 . 25
4.3.12.2 C-V2X . 25
4.3.13 IETF activity on vehicular communications . 25
4.3.14 5G Automotive Association (5G-AA) . 26
4.4 Best Cases on IPv6 Transition Strategies for Vehicular Networks . 27
4.4.1 Introduction. 27
4.4.2 The AUTOPILOT project . 28
4.4.3 Use Case in USA: Example of Web Performance Improvement in Vehicular Networks using IPv6 . 30
4.4.4 Use Case in Europe: 5G-MOBIX Project . 32
4.4.5 Use Case in Europe: 5G-DRIVE Project . 33
4.4.6 Use Case in China: Example 1. 34
4.4.7 Use Case in China: 5G Large-scale Trial Project . 35
4.4.8 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). 36
5 Lessons Learned . 37
6 Conclusions . 37
History . 38


ETSI

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4 ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) IPv6 Integration (IP6).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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1 Scope
The present document outlines the motivation for the deployment of IPv6-based 5G Mobile Internet, the objectives, the
technology guidelines, the step-by-step process, the benefits, the risks, the challenges and the milestones.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document, but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI GR IP6 011 (V1.1.1): "IPv6-Based 5G Mobile Wireless Internet; Deployment of IPv6-Based
5G Mobile Wireless Internet".
[i.2] Alcatel-Lucent Strategic White Paper (April 2015): "464XLAT in mobile networks IPv6 migration
strategies for mobile networks".
[i.3] IETF RFC 6342 (December 2011): "Mobile Networks Considerations for IPv6 Deployment".
[i.4] ETSI GR IP6 006: "Generic migration steps from IPv4 to IPv6".
NOTE: Available at http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/imt-2020/Documents/T13-SG13-151130-TD-
PLEN-0208%21%21MSW-E.docx.
[i.5] R, Chandler and ARIN staff: "The introduction of IPv6 to the 3GPP Standards and Mobile
Networks", ARIN wiki, last modified on 20 June 2015.
NOTE: Available at https://getipv6.info/display/IPv6/3GPP+Mobile+Networks.
[i.6] IETF RFC 3633 (December 2003): "IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) version 6".
[i.7] IETF RFC 3769 (June 2004): "Requirements for IPv6 Prefix Delegation".
[i.8] IETF RFC 7755 (February 2016): "SIIT-DC: Stateless IP/ICMP Translation for IPv6 Data Center
Environments".
NOTE: Available at http://www.lightreading.com/ethernet-ip/ip-protocols-software/facebook-ipv6-is-a-real-
world-big-deal/a/d-id/718395.
[i.9] ACM MobiCom'16, October 03-07 2016, New York City, USA: "A case for faster mobile web in
cellular IPv6 networks", U. Goel, M. Steiner, MP. Wittie, M. Flack, S. Ludin.
NOTE: Available at https://origin-www.moritzsteiner.de/papers/Mobicom_IPv6.pdf.
[i.10] ETSI GR IP6 008: "IPv6-based Internet of Things Deployment of IPv6-based Internet of Things".
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6 ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
[i.11] 5G Automotive Association (5GAA): "MNO Network Expansion Mechanisms to Fulfil Connected
Vehicle Requirements", White Paper, 23 June 2020.
[i.12] ISO 21217:2014 "Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles
(CALM) - Architecture", April 2014.
[i.13] ETSI EN 302 665 (V1.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[i.14] ISO 21210:2012: "Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles
(CALM) -- IPv6 Networking", June 2012.
[i.15] ISO 29281-1:2018: "Intelligent transport systems -- Localized communications -- Part 1: Fast
networking & transport layer protocol (FNTP)", June 2018.
[i.16] IETF RFC 3963 (January 2005): "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol".
[i.17] ETSI EN 302 636-5-1 (V2.1.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol".
[i.18] ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 6: Internet Integration; Sub-part 1: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
GeoNetworking Protocols".
[i.19] IETF RFC 5648 (October 2009): "Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration".
[i.20] ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communications; Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality".
[i.21] IETF RFC 8200 (July 2017): "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification".
[i.22] IETF RFC 2663 (August 1999): "IP Network Address Translation (NAT) Terminology and
Considerations".
[i.23] IETF RFC 4241 (December 2005): "A Model of IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Internet Access Service".
[i.24] IETF RFC 6275 (July 2011): "Mobility Support in IPv6".
[i.25] José Santa, Pedro J. Fernández, Fernando Pereñíguez, Fernando Bernal, Antonio Moragón,
Antonio F. Skarmeta, "IPv6 Communication Stack for Deploying Cooperative Vehicular
Services", International Journal of ITS Research, Vol. 12, May 2013.
NOTE: Available at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261718503_IPv6_Communication_Stack_for_Deploying_Coop
erative_Vehicular_Services.
[i.26] Pedro Javier Fernández Ruiz, Fernando Bernal Hidalgo, José Santa Lozano and Antonio F.
Skarmeta, "Deploying ITS Scenarios Providing Security and Mobility Services Based on IEEE
802.11p™ Technology". (Published: February 13th, 2013).
NOTE: Available at https://www.intechopen.com/books/vehicular-technologies-deployment-and-
applications/deploying-its-scenarios-providing-security-and-mobility-services-based-on-ieee-802-11p-
technology.
[i.27] IETF RFC 4301 (December 2005): "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol".
[i.28] Pedro J. Fernandez, José Santa, Fernando Bernal and Antonio F. Skarmeta,"Securing Vehicular
IPv6 Communications" (2015).
[i.29] Donenfeld, J.A.: "WireGuard®: Next generation kernel network tunnel", In: 24th Annual Network
and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2017.
[i.30] Perrin, T.: "The Noise protocol framework" (2018).
NOTE: Available at https://noiseprotocol.org/noise.html.
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[i.31] Jacob Appelbaum, Chloe Martindale, Peter Wu, "Tiny WireGuard Tweak". Department of
Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven,
Netherlands.
[i.32] 5G Automotive Association (5GAA): "5GAA Efficient Security Provisioning System", White
Paper, 18 May 2020.
NOTE: Available at https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/482.pdf.
[i.33] IETF RFC 4861 (September 2007): "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)".
[i.34] IETF RFC 4862 (September 2007): "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration".
[i.35] IETF RFC 6550 (March 2012): "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy
Networks".
[i.36] IETF RFC 4291 (February 2006): "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture".
[i.37] IETF RFC 8273 (December 2017): "Unique IPv6 Prefix per Host".
[i.38] IETF RFC 8505 (November 2018): "Registration Extensions for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless
Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Neighbor Discovery".
[i.39] IETF RFC 6775 (November 2012): "Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power
Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)".
[i.40] IETF draft draft-ietf-6lo-backbone-router: "IPv6 Backbone Router".
NOTE: Available at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-6lo-backbone-router/.
[i.41] IETF draft draft-ietf-6lo-ap-nd: "Address Protected Neighbor Discovery for Low-power and Lossy
Networks".
NOTE: Available at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-6lo-ap-nd/.
[i.42] IETF RFC 4191 (November 2005): "Default Router Preferences and More-Specific Routes".
[i.43] IETF RFC 8691 (December 2019): "Basic Support for IPv6 Networks Operating Outside the
Context of a Basic Service Set over IEEE Std 802.11™".
[i.44] IETF Distributed Mobility Management WG.
NOTE: Available at https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dmm/about/.
[i.45] ETSI EN 302 663 (V1.3.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); ITS-G5 Access layer
specification for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band".
[i.46] ETSI TS 122 185 (V14.3.0): "Service requirements for V2X services (3GPP TS 22.185
Release 14)".
[i.47] AIOTI WG03 - loT Standardisation, "IoT Relation and Impact on 5G", April 2020.
NOTE: Available at https://aioti.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/AIOTI-IoT-relation-and-impact-on-5G-R3-
Published.pdf.
[i.48] IETF Draft: "draft-thubert-roll-unaware-leaves".
[i.49] IETF Draft: "draft-thubert-6man-ipv6-over-wireless".
[i.50] IETF Draft: "draft-pthubert-raw-architecture".
[i.51] IEEE Std 802.11™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.52] IEEE Std. 802.3™: "IEEE Standard for Ethernet".
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8 ETSI GR IP6 030 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
[i.53] IEEE Std. 802.1™: "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Port-Based
Network Access Control".
[i.54] ETSI TS 123 501: "5G; System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) (3GPP TS 23.501)".
[i.55] IETF RFC 4903 (June 2007): "Multi-Link Subnet Issues".
[i.56] IETF RFC 7668 (October 2015): "IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy".
[i.57] IETF RFC 6830 (January 2013): "The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)".
[i.58] IETF RFC 7401 (April 2015): "Host Identity Protocol Version 2 (HIPv2)".
[i.59] IETF RFC 7181 (April 2014): "The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2".
[i.60] IETF RFC 3561 (July 2003): "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing".
[i.61] ETSI TS 123 285: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Architecture
enhancements for V2X services (3GPP TS 23.285)".
[i.62] IETF RFC 5614 (August 2009): "Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Extension of OSPF Using
Connected Dominating Set (CDS) Flooding".
[i.63] IETF RFC 5820 (March 2010): "Extensions to OSPF to Support Mobile Ad Hoc Networking".
[i.64] IETF RFC 7137 (February 2014): "Use of the OSPF-MANET Interface in Single-Hop Broadcast
Networks".
[i.65] IETF RFC 3775 (June 2004): "Mobility Support in IPv6".
[i.66] IETF RFC 4889 (July 2007): "Network Mobility Route Optimization Solution Space Analysis".
[i.67] IETF RFC 8655 (October 2019): "Deterministic Networking Architecture".
[i.68] AUTOPILOT EU LSP Project.
NOTE 1: Available at https://autopilot-project.eu/.
NOTE 2: Versailles Project available at https://autopilot-project.eu/wp-
content/uploads/sites/16/2018/09/Versailles.pdf.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
th
5G 5 Generation
5G NR 5G New Radio
5G-DRIVE 5G HarmoniseD Research and TrIals for serVice Evolution
AD Autonomous Driving
ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
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AEAD Authentication Encryption with Additional Data
AF Application Function
AH Authentication Header
AI Artifical Intelligence
AIOTI Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation
AMF Access and Mobility Function
AODV Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing
AP Access Point
APN Access Point Names
APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
AR Address Resolution
AR/VR Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality
ASL Adaptation Sub-Layer
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BA Binding Acknowledge
BID Binding Identification Number
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
BS Base Station
BSM Basic Safety Message
BSS Basic Service Set
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
BU Binding Update
C-ADAS Cooperative Advanced Driving Assistance Systems
CAM Cooperative Awareness Message
CCAM Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility
CCSA China Communication Standards Association
CDN Content Delivery Network
CGN Carrier Grade NAT
CG-NAT Carrier-Grade NAT
CLAT Customer-side transLATor
CN Correspondent Node
CoA Care of Address
CORE Core Network
CPM Collective Perception Message
CSAE China Society of Automotive Engineers
CSFB Circuit Switched FallBack
DAD Duplicate Address Detection
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuation Protocol
DHCPv6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6
DMM Distributed Mobility Management
DNS Domain Name System
DS Dual-Stack
DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication
EARO Extended Address Registration Option
EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
EDM Edge Dynamic Map
EIID Extended Interface Identifier
EPS Evolved Packet System
ESP Encapsulation Security Payload
ES-PT Spain-Portugal
ESS Extended Service Set
EUI End-system Unique Identifier
FN Foreign Network
FOT Field Operational Tests
GLOSA Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory
GN Geo Networking
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GR Group Report
GR-TR Greece-Turkey
GUA Global Unique Address
GVL Geographical Virtual Link
HA Home Agent
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HD High Definition
HIP Host Identity Protocol
HMI Human Machine Interface
HN Home Network
HoA Home of Address
HR Home Router
HSS Home Subscriber server
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IAB Internet Architecture Board
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IDC Internet Data Centre
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IID Interface Identifier
IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange version 2
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
IoT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
IPWAVE IP Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITS Intelligent Transport System
ITS-G 5,9 GHz Cooperative ITS system
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector
LAN Local Area Network
LISP Locator/ID Separation Protocol
LLA Link Local Address
MAC MAC Medium Access Control layer
MANET Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks
MCoA Mobile Care of Address
MIIT Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (China)
MIPv6 Mobile IPv6
MLSN Multi-Link Subnet
MME Mobile Management Entity
MN Mobile Node
MNN Mobile Network Node
MNO Mobile Networks Operator
MNP Mobile Network Prefix
MR Mobile Router
NA/RA Neighbor Advertisement/ Router Advertisement
NAT Network Address Translation
NBMA Non-Broadcast Multi-Access
NCC Network Control Center
ND Neighbour Discovery
NDP Neighbour Discovery Protocol
NEMO BS NEtwork MObility Basic Support
NEMO Network Mobility
NGMN Next Generation Mobile Network
NR 5G New Radio interface
NS Neighbor Solicitation
NS/NA Neighbour Solicitation/Neighbour Advertisement
OCB Outside the Context of a BSS
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OLSR Optimised Link State Routing
OS Operating System
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PDN Packet Data Network
PDP Packet Data Protocol
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PGW Packet data network GateWay
PHY Physical Layer (protocol layer)
PIO Prefix Information Option
PLMN Public Landline Mobile Network
PLT Page Load Time
PS Pilot Site
RA Router Advertisement
RAT Radio Access Technologies
RAW Reliable and Available Wireless
RFC Request For Comments
RIPE Reseaux IP Europeens
RPL Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
RS Router Solicitation
RSU Road Side Unit
RTT Round Trip Time
RUM Real User Monitoring
SA Security Association
SAD Security Association Database
SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
SCMS Security Credential Management Systems
SLLAO Source Link-Layer Address Option
SMF Session Management Function
SNMA Solicited-Node Multicast Address
SPD Security Policy Database
SSH Secure Shell
SSL Secure Socket Layer
STA Station
STD STandarD
TC (ETSI) Technical Committee
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TD Temporary Document
TLS Transport Layer Security
UDM Unified Data Management
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
ULA Unique Local Address
UMTS Universal Mobil Telecommunications System
UP User Plane
V2X Vehicle to everything
VoIP Voice over IP
VoLTE Voice over Long Term Evolution
VRU Vulnerable Road User
WI Work Item
WiMAX™ Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
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4 IPv6-based Vehicular Networking (V2X)
4.1 Introduction
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a new version of the Internet protocol (IP) defined in IETF RFC 8200 [i.21] and
designed to replace Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4). IPv6 provides several advantages that cover important needs in
cooperative vehicular communication, such as the large space of addressing due to the exhaustion of IPv4 address
space, which impacts the growing of internet continuity. In fact, most mobile terminals will not be able to connect to
IPv4 Internet without the intermediate technology called Network Address Translation (NAT) [i.22], which allows one
or more public addresses to serve many private IP addresses in order to conserve addresses, hence the importance of
using IPv6 which goes from 32-bit addressing to 128-bit addressing. Dual stack [i.23] is considered as one of the most
used mechanisms that applies migration from IPv4 to IPv6. It allows the implementation of IPv4 and IPv6 in terminals
in order to use IPv4 access services that have not yet been migrated to IPv6.
In addition to all the advantages already mentioned, IPv6 protocol also brought other numerous benefits such as the
improvement of mobility and security services and mainly the addition of node auto-configuration mechanisms to
facilitate the configuration of connected equipment. In fact, one of the main functions of an IPv6 node based on its
ability to be configured automatically when its connected to a network using router discovery message ICMPv6
(Internet Control Message Protocol version 6). During this mechanism, an address named (
...