ISO 23704-2:2022

General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) — Part 2: Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing

This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for subtractive manufacturing based on the reference architecture of a CPSMT as provided in ISO 23704-1. The reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing includes: — the reference architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM), — the reference architecture of a cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM), and — the interface architecture of a CPSMT. This document also provides: — a conceptual description of a shop floor device system (SFDS), — a conceptual description of a shop floor control system (SFCS), — a conceptual description of a unified interface system (UIS), and — example use cases of a reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

Exigences générales relatives aux systèmes de machines-outils intelligents à commandes cyber-physiques (CPSMT) — Partie 2: Architecture de référence des CPSMT pour la fabrication soustractive

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Jun-2022
• ICS: 25.040.20 - Numerically controlled machines
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1/WG 11 - Reference model for cyber - Physically controlled smart machine tool systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 28-Jun-2022
• Due Date: 08-May-2023
• Completion Date: 28-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23704-2
First edition
2022-06
General requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine
tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 2:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for
subtractive manufacturing
Exigences générales relatives aux systèmes de machines-outils
intelligents à commandes cyber-physiques (CPSMT) —
Partie 2: Architecture de référence des CPSMT pour la fabrication
soustractive
Reference number
ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 4
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing .4
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive
manufacturing . .4
6 Reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing .6
7 Functional view of a CPCM for subtractive manufacturing . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Machine tool unit (MTU) . 8
7.2.1 Function of the MTU . . 8
7.2.2 Abnormalities of the MTU . 9
7.3 Cyber-physical system (CPS) unit . 9
7.3.1 General . 9
7.3.2 Inner-loop element. 9
7.3.3 Intra-loop element. 10
7.3.4 Inter-loop element . 11
8 Functional view of a CSSM for subtractive manufacturing .12
8.1 General .12
8.2 Data processing unit (DPU). 12
8.2.1 General .12
8.2.2 A CPCM interface element . 13
8.2.3 UIS interface element .13
8.2.4 Data fusion element . 13
8.2.5 Data storage element .13
8.2.6 Data transformer for external entities element . 14
8.3 Digital twin unit . 14
8.3.1 General . 14
8.3.2 Machine tool unit context data model . 14
8.3.3 Machine tool unit state data model . 15
8.3.4 Machine tool unit state management element . 17
8.3.5 Machine tool unit behaviour model . 17
8.3.6 Machine tool unit behaviour model engine . 17
8.4 MAPE unit . 18
8.4.1 General . 18
8.4.2 Monitoring element . 18
8.4.3 Analysis element . . 18
8.4.4 Planning element . 19
8.4.5 Execution element . 19
8.5 External interface unit . 20
8.5.1 General .20
8.5.2 Interface schema element . 20
8.5.3 Interface manager element . 20
9 Interface view of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing .21
9.1 General . 21
9.2 Interfaces for the capability of autonomous handling of machine tool abnormalities . 21
9.2.1 General . 21
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
9.2.2 Data from a CPCM to a CSSM . 21
9.2.3 Data from a CSSM to a CPCM . 21
9.3 Interfaces for the capability of autonomous coordination with various shop floor
devices. 21
9.4 Interfaces for the capability of autonomous collaboration with the SFCS .22
9.4.1 General .22
9.4.2 Interface between a CSSM and an SFCS .22
9.4.3 The interface between an SFCS and a CPCM .22
9.5 Interfaces for the capability of exchange with the life cycle aspects, hierarchy
level, and humans through a UIS . 23
9.5.1 General .23
9.5.2 Interface between a CPCM and a UIS. 23
9.5.3 Interface between a CSSM and a UIS . 23
Annex A (informative) Concept model of shop floor system .25
Annex B (informative) Concept of unified interface system (UIS).28
Annex C (informative) Example use cases of a CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive
manufacturing . .30
Bibliography .37
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184 Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
Introduction
A machine tool is a key device in manufacturing since it is used indispensably in the production
of machine parts used in various industrial areas. Many institutions have long been devoted to
technological development from the viewpoint of reducing downtime and defects and are considering
smart technologies such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a new means to achieve this.
From the market perspective, there is a variety of so-called smart machine tools incorporating smart
technologies based on their own concepts using, e.g. local terminologies by machine tool builders
(MTBs), machine tool control, e.g. computerized numerical control (CNC) vendors, solution vendors
and service providers, which can be confusing to stakeholders, including end-users. For this and other
reasons, standards and substantial modelling for smart machine tool systems are needed.
1)
From the standards perspective, RAMI 4.0 (IEC PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 TR-SMRM provide a
reference model for Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing on a high level. The ISO 23247 series defines
a generic framework to support the creation of a digital twin of observable manufacturing elements.
Furthermore, although some existing standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-
UA (IEC TR 62541-1), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4-2018), ISO/IEC 30141, the IEC 62769 series, and many
machine tool standards from ISO TC39, no standard yet exists for smart machine tools for realizing
smart manufacturing / Industry 4.0 in the shop floor via cyber-physical systems (CPSs).
The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart
manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:
— Overview and fundamental principles of a CPSMT in ISO 23704-1,
— Reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in ISO 23704-2, and
2)
— Reference architecture of a CPSMT for additive manufacturing in ISO 23704-3 .
Other related parts such as implementation guidelines or reference architectures for other types of
manufacturing will be added if and when necessary.
Figure 1 — Overall structure of the ISO 23704 series on general requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for users such as, but not limited to:
a) Design engineers in the area of smart machine tools,
1) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/DTR 63319.
2) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 23704-3.
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
b) System architects in the area of smart machine tools,
c) Software engineers at the MTBs in the area of smart machine tools,
d) Machine tool control vendors in the area of smart machine tools,
e) Solution and service providers in the area of smart machine tools, and
f) End users such as factory operators working with smart machine tools.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled
smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 2:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive
manufacturing
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) for subtractive manufacturing based on the reference architecture of a CPSMT as
provided in ISO 23704-1.
The reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing includes:
— the reference architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM),
— the reference architecture of a cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM), and
— the interface architecture of a CPSMT.
This document also provides:
— a conceptual description of a shop floor device system (SFDS),
— a conceptual description of a shop floor control system (SFCS),
— a conceptual description of a unified interface system (UIS), and
— example use cases of a reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing.
This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23704-1:2022, General requirements for Cyber-Physically Controlled Smart Machine Tool Systems
(CPSMT) —Part 1: Overview and fundamentals principles
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23704-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
context data
data specifying in which circumstances the state data (3.1.16) is obtained from the various perspectives,
e.g. products, processes, tool paths and process variables
3.1.2
cyber-physical system unit
CPS unit
instance of a cyber-physical system (CPS) according to the reference architecture
Note 1 to entry: The CPS unit provides advanced control functionalities for the machine tool unit (see 3.1.12),
interfacing with data from sensors, numerical control kernel / programmable logic controller, the cyber-
supporting system for machine tool (CSSM), shop floor control system (SFCS), and unified interface system (UIS).
3.1.3
data model
graphical and/or lexical representation of data, specifying their properties, structures and
interrelationships.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015, 3.1.7]
3.1.4
data processing unit
DPU
instance of data processing according to the reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart
machine tool (CPSMT) for subtractive manufacturing
3.1.5
digital twin unit
instance of a digital twin according to the reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart
machine tool (CPSMT) for subtractive manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: The digital twin unit describes the digital replica or digital representation of a machine tool
system and its surrounding environment.
Note 2 to entry: The perspective of digital representation of the machine tool system contains: a) machine body,
b) cutting tool, c) workpiece, and d) environment.
Note 3 to entry: The digital representation of the machine tool consists of the data model and behaviour model.
3.1.6
element
component or part as a constituent function in a unit (3.1.17)
3.1.7
engineering phase context data
part of the context data for machining specified in the engineering phase, e.g. computer-aided design,
process planning and manufacturing data
Note 1 to entry: Example data is included in, e.g. the ISO 14649 series, ISO 6983-1, ISO 13399-1.
3.1.8
external interface unit
unit (3.1.17) that receives data from a) the data processing unit (3.1.4), b) the MAPE unit (3.1.13) via
execution element, and transmits that data to a shop floor control system (SFCS) and a unified interface
system (UIS) instance of interface with external entities according to the reference architecture for
subtractive manufacturing
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
3.1.9
inner-loop element
part of the cyber-physical system (CPS) unit (3.1.2) that detects and resolves abnormalities for the
machine tool unit (3.1.12) in hard-real time
3.1.10
inter-loop element
part of the cyber-physical system (CPS) unit (3.1.2) that generates event-driven control instructions for
the machine tool unit (3.1.12) based on data from a shop floor control system (SFCS) for the sake of
collaboration
3.1.11
intra-loop element
part of the cyber-physical system (CPS) unit (3.1.2) that generates control instructions for the machine
tool unit (3.1.12) based on the data from a cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) in soft-
real time
3.1.12
machine tool unit
MTU
instance of machine tool according to the reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: According to ISO 14955-1, 3.12: 2017, the machine tool function of a machine tool unit consists of
machine tool operation (machining process, motion and control), process conditioning, workpiece handling, tool
handling or die change, recyclables and waste handling and machine tool cooling / heating. This functionality is
used for determining areas for abnormalities.
3.1.13
monitoring, analysis, planning, and execution unit
MAPE unit
instance of monitoring, planning, and execution according to the reference architecture
3.1.14
numerical control kernel
NCK
component for controlling the servo motors consisting of, e.g. an interpreter, interpolator, acceleration
/ deceleration controller and position controller
Note 1 to entry: Numerical control kernel is the key module not only of the computerized numerical control (CNC)
[38]
but it is also a typical position control for servo motors .
3.1.15
operation phase context data
set of data specified at the machine tool before machining operation start, including, e.g. setup data of
machine tool, cutting tool and workpiece
3.1.16
state data
set of data on the state of the machine tool unit (3.1.12) during machining operation from which the key
performance indicators (KPIs) of the machine body, cutting tool, workpiece and environment can be
identified
Note 1 to entry: Typical means for obtaining the state data are various sensors and a computerized numerical
control (CNC) on the machine tool components.
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
3.1.17
unit
group of elements (3.1.6) that constitutes part of the reference architecture of a cyber-physically
controlled machine tool (CPCM) and a cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for subtractive
manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: The term “unit” in this document is used as an instance of a collection of elements.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CAx computer-aided-x
CNC computerized numerical control
CPCA cyber-physically controlled autonomous guided vehicle
CPCM cyber-physically controlled machine tool
CPCR cyber-physically controlled robot
CPCS cyber-physically controlled storage
CPS cyber physical system
CPSMT cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
CSSA cyber supporting system for autonomous guided vehicle
CSSM cyber supporting system for machine tool
CSSR cyber supporting system for robot
CSSS cyber supporting system for storage
FFT fast Fourrier transform
HMI human machine interface
MAPE monitoring, analysis, planning, execution
MTB machine tool builder
MTU machine tool unit
NCK numerical control kernel
PLC programmable logic controller
SFCS shop floor control system
SFDS shop floor device system
UIS unified interface system
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive
manufacturing
To claim conformance, the definition of specific system architecture provided by a vendor or system
integrator should use the terminology, architectural concepts, and have the capabilities defined in this
document, within the scope of their specific use cases.
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive
manufacturing
The CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing describes an architecture of smart
machine tool systems for subtractive manufacturing based on the generic reference architecture
specified in ISO 23704-1. It provides guidance for designers developing smart machine tool systems
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ISO 23704-2:2022(E)
for subtractive manufacturing and aims to give a better understanding of smart machine tools to the
stakeholders of such systems.
NOTE Examples of stakeholders are MTBs, computerized numerical control (CNC) vendors, solution vendors,
service providers, customers and end-users.
The CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing supports the following important
standardization objectives:
a) To ensure clear and unambiguous communication between all interested parties of smart machine
tools for subtractive manufacturing.
b) To ensure the interoperability of smart machine tools with related hardware devices, software,
service, and manufacturing system for subtractive manufacturing.
c) To ensure the quality / capability of smart machine tools for subtractive manufacturing.
d) To ensure the use of smart machine tools for subtractive manufacturing.
e) To ensure systematic development, modification of smart machine tools for subtractive
manufacturing.
Figure 2 illustrates the context of how the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing
is derived and viewed from various perspectives based on the architecture description defined in
[29]
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 .
Figure 2 — Context of the CPSMT reference architecture for subtractive manufacturing
Based on Figure 2, this document includes the following descriptions:
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in Clause 6.
— The reference architecture of a CPCM viewed from functionality perspective in Clause 7.
— The reference architecture of a CSSM viewed from functionality perspective in Clause 8.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT viewed from the interface perspective in Clause 9.
— The use cases of the reference architecture in Annex C.
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