ISO/DIS 8965

Logging industry -- Technology -- Vocabulary

Exploitation forestière -- Techniques -- Termes et définitions

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 8965
ISO/TC 218 Secretariat: DSTU
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-12-12 2020-03-05
Logging industry — Technology — Vocabulary
Exploitation forestière — Techniques — Termes et définitions
ICS: 79.020; 01.040.79
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
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© ISO 2019

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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
Contents
Forewords…………………………………………………………………. 5
Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 6
1. Scope……………………………………………………………….. 7
2. Normative references………………………………………………. 7
3. General terms……………………………………………………….. 7
4. Terms relating to technological processes and operations………... 15
Alphabetical index………………………………………………………… 26
Bibliography………………………………………………………………. 32
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation

of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing

International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.

Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been

established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take

part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft

International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the

member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires
approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may

be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any

or all such patent rights.
Draft standard ISO/DIS 8965 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 218
«Timber».
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
Introduction

The main purpose of this International Standard is to establish international terms

and their definitions used in contemporary technological processes of the logging

industry, to provide terminological unity and comparability of scientific and
technical information.
This International Standard is addressed not only to the standardizers and

terminologists in forestry, but to anyone involved in terminology work, as well as to

the users of different terminologies.

The terms established in this International Standard are listed in a systematic order,

reflecting a system concept in the field of logging industry standardization.
For each concept, one standardized term has been established.

Admissible terms/synonyms are given as informative data and are not standardized.

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
Logging industry — Technology — Vocabulary
1. Scope

This International Standard defines terms relating to technological operations in the

logging industry.

NOTE See ISO 6814 for terms and definitions related to mobile and self-propelled machinery

used in forestry [1].
2. Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3. General terms
3.1
allowable cut; cutting unit
annual volume of annual timber supply at the root, installed for the main use of
felling
3.2
auxiliary work in the cutting area

maintenance and repair of harvesting machines, supply of fuels and lubricants, as

well as household services for staff working in the forest
3.3
banking processing yard
processing yard, lying by the waterway
3.4
beard
section with breakaway wood in the end zone of round timber
3.5
вlowdown
trees that is (are) uprooted or broken off by wind
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.6
buffer strip
green strip
leave strip
streamside management zone

strip of forest land where cutting has not occurred or is not allowed, located either

between cuttings or adjacent to another resource (lake, river, park, road)
3.7
bundle loading of round timber (tree-length)
loading bundle of round timber (tree-lenghts) on the vehicles
3.8
butt damage
vertical split of a stem at the buttend area during the falling procedure
3.9
capacity of processing yard
the amount of timber in dense cubic meters that can be placed on the area of the
timber processing warehouse
3.10
clearcutting
final harvesting when all stand of cutting unit is cutted in one motion
3.11
cutting allotment
part of the cutting unit, demarcated in kind by vizira or natural frontiers
3.12
chopping-off
removal limbs with a hatchet
3.13
cutover
logged-over area
cutting unit or its part where standing timber has been harvested through

clearcutting or selective logging and young growth hasn’t yet formed a close canopy

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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.14
cutting plan
document regulating the method of harvesting at the cutting unit, containing
characteristics and schematic and the basic production indexes
3.15
cutting strip

gradual cutting of main use, in which the stand is cut down completely throughout

the course of the same age class with simultaneous uniform thinning of the stand on

the left strips of the fores
3.16
cut-to-length harvesting system

harvesting system in which trees undergo delimbing and bucking into are formed

piles at the stump prior to subsequent skidding to the landing or forwarding to

processing yard
3.17
cutting unit

specific area of timber (forest land) designated for logging and is limited by sight or

natural boundary
3.18
cutting unit fund
stocks of timber, ripe and overmature standing timber for harvesting
3.19
cutting unit work

complex of basic technological and transfer operations, preparatory and auxiliary

operations on the cutting unit, removal of dangerous trees, marking and equipping

of a complex of tracks, landings, and workshop sites which are necessary for
carrying out of basic operations in the cutting unit.

Basic operations include felling, bunching of felled trees, delimbing and loading of

trees or tree-lengths, and in case of cut-to-length harvesting or technological
chipping they include bucking, grading, stacking, chipping and loading
3.20
dangerous tree;
hazardous tree; danger tree

rotten, dry-resistant, hovering, windy, drilling and broken wood presenting danger

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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.21
enrichment of workshop site
provisioning of workshop site with technological equipment and extinguishing

devices, their allocation on the cutting unit, and installation of a communication

facilities and arranging of the fire prevention mineralized zone
3.22
forest tract ;
timber supply block
timber supply block

part of a merchantable volume, attached to a logging enterprise for the target term

3.23
forwarder

self-propelled machine designed to move trees or parts of trees by carrying them,

from the rolls to the loading point, shipped so that they do not touch the ground

[SOURCE: ISO 6814:2009, 2.3.1.9.]
3.24
full-tree harvesting system
whole-tree harvesting system
total-tree harvesting system
harvesting system in which tree are cut and skidded to the landing before any
processing topping and delimbing takes place
3.25
grade

measure of log quality is usually expressed using numeric or alphabetic characters

3.26
ground-based harvesting system
harvesting system that employs ground-based equipment such as feller-bunchers,
skidders, and forwarders
3.27
gross merchantable volume
merchantable volume of the main stem, excluding stump and top, but including
defective and decayed timber (wood)
3.28
harvester

self-propelled machine that combines felling with other processing functions and

skidding
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.29
hauling route in cutting strip

haul path in cutting stripskid trail in cutting striploggin trail in cutting strip

skid road in cutting strip
snig track in cutting strip
hauling route, located within the cutting strip
3.30

haul path; hauling route; skid trail; logging trail; skid trail;skid road; snig track

the route (path) temporary path used by harvesting equipment to transfer trees, tree-

lengths and round timber at skidding
3.31
intermediate processing yard
processing yard, located at the hauling route outside the cutting area
3.32
landing

cleared area on forest land to which trees, tree-length or logs are stored, where they

are sorted, for further loading on transport
3.33
logging industry
sector of the forest industry and forestmanagement engaged in logging, skidding,
hauling, primary processing and wood processing, tree-length and logging waste
3.34
logging harvesting
A process involving basic and auxiliary operations for tree feling

( feling-area works), cleaning places cutting from logging residues, removal their

cutting area and partial treatment in the upper forest depots
3.35
logging of timber
collection of wood from the ground or the vehicle and its laying on the vehicle
3.36
logging technology
set of working consecutive operations aimed to obtain forest products
3.37
long pole
Section of tree-length having length multiple to length of produced grade with
allowance for cutting
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.38
lower processing yard
processing yard, located at the joint of hauling route with the public road
3.39
main hauling road

main section of the forest road, that connects the forest area to be developed with a

timber processing warehouse, a cargo assembly road and a public road or a point of

consumption
3.40
main hauling route
main haul path
main skid trail
main loggin trail
main skid road
main snig track
hauling route joining landing with the several skidding trails in cutting strip
3.41
merchantable volume

amount of sound wood in a single tree or stand that is suitable for marketing under

given economic conditions
3.42
net merchantable volume
merchantable volume) of the main stem, excluding stump and top as well as

defective and decayed timber (wood), It can be applied to either a single tree or a

stand of trees.
3.43
operating timber reserve

volume of round timber necessary to maintain an uninterrupted flow and retmic of

work timber procurement enterprise. It can include storage placed at a hauling route

or on an processing yard, or some combination
3.44
off-cutting

sawdusting of round timber and tree-lenghts to obtain an end face perpendicular to

their longitudinal axis
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.45
pile of round timber (tree-lengths)
round timber laid in several even parallel rows
3.46
preparatory work in the cutting area

operations to create the necessary conditions for harvesting operations in the cutting

area, including the preparation of the cutting area, landings, enrichment of workshop

site and hauling road feeder, Installation and dismantling of equipment
3.47
primary processing of wood raw material

mechanical processing of trees, tree-length and round timber including delimbing,

bucking, grading, and removal of rot and foliage, and debarking, if any
3.48
processing yard
landing equipped for primary processing of wood raw material, and storage,

loading and/or floating of tree-length and logs, and for utilization of logging wood-

waste
3.49
rail processing yard
processing yard, near the railroad
3.50
round timber
log: the tree-length of the whip received by the transverse division
3.51
round timber (tree-length) bunch
round timber or tree-lengths gathered together to form a load for subsequent
skidding, yarding or other form of processing
3.52
round timber (tree-length) bundle
round timber and/or tree-length of specific form and sizes, evenly placed and
bundled together with binder, container or other packaging means
3.53
selective logging

harvesting system in which some trees of certain ages, sizes, value or condition are

cut from time to time for the special utilization
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
3.54
skidder
self-propelled machine designed to transport trees or their parts by trailing or
dragging
3.55
stem
portion of a tree above ground, excluding branches.
3.56
stump

portion (base) of the tree that remains in the earth and on its surface after felling

3.57
transfer yard
permanent or semi-permanent area in which loads of log are stored for reloading
from one transport to another
3.58
tree-length
delimbed stem of the felled tree without roots and top end
3.59
tree-length harvesting system

harvesting system in which the complete tree-length are skidded from the stump to

the landing, where they usually undergo bucking into smaller logs, in preparation

for loading and hauling
3.60
trunk
portion of a stem used for valuing of a standing tree
NOTE Usually specified by stating the minimum top diameter
3.61
upper processing yard
processing yard, located on the cutting unit at a hauling route
3.62
uprooted
blown over as a result of wind, complete with root ball
4. Terms relating to technological processes and operations
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
4.1
air-drying of wood
moderate drying of stems of green or standing trees through the crown

NOTE This operation is carried out in the warm season: green wood is temporarily left in the

cutting unit. As for standing trees it is carried out by full cutting of sapwood above root level

4.2
all- weather hauling road
4.3
branch stub removal

removing of tree-lengths nogs and round timber nogs by necessary devices and tools

until acceptable dimensions are not obtained (wood chopper)
4.4
bucking
cross-cutting to measured lengths
4.5
bunching
gathering and arranging trees or parts of trees in bunches
4.6
bunch bucking
simultaneous bucking of tree-length bunch
4.7
bunch stack of round timber (tree-length)
round timber (tree-length), assembled together for subsequent processing or
movement
4.8
bundle debarking
simultaneous debarking of bundle of logs and tree-lengths.
4.9
bundle stack of round timber (tree-length)
round timber, brought together for further processing or transfer
4.10
butt
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
split

split extending entirely through to both sides of round timber beginning from the

butt end
4.11
butt end skidding
butt end snigging

method of skidding, when trees, tree-lengths or round timber are fixed in skidding

device by the butt end
4.12
cable yarding

transporting trees or parts of trees by means of a cable system partially or fully

elevated above the forest floor
4.13
chipping

breaking down/slising round and split timber, and wood residue cuttings into small

pieces of specified dimensions with their subsequent grading
4.14
сhoker

device, used for skidding of trees at the allotment, and consists of flexible cable

with hemp cord and flat hook at one end and ring at the other one
4.15
choker skidding
choker snigging
skidding by chokers
4.16
chokerless skidding
chokerless snigging
skidding by using a mechanical grapple device mounted on the skidder or yarder
4.17
choking

manual tree trailer, tree-lenghts or round timber to the skidder's cargo rope or rope

skidding system with the help of special devices – chokers
4.18
clean debarking
debarking with complete removal of bark.
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
4.19
clearing the felling site
technological operation for removal of logging residues from the cutting area or
arranging them on the logging site in ways, to ensure that tree species can be

regenerated and grown, fire prevention, disease and pest development (Collection in

piles, shafts and leaving for decomposition, shredding and spreading in the cutting

area, etc.)
4.20
collection of foliage

separation of acerouse leaf, foliage, nonsclerotic outgrowthes, buds from green or

standing trees
4.21
continuous felling of tree
continuous falling of tree
felling of trees by continuous moving of machine when they are cut
4.22
cutting
process of severing trees
4.23
cut area

forest strip, within which are located cutting unit for one year felling in due course

and at a certain distance from each other
4.24
debarking
removing bark from trees or parts of trees.
4.25
delimbing
limbing
removing branches from trees or parts of trees
4.26
determination of of round timber (tree-lenght) volume
measurements of solid volume of round timber (tree-lenght) by their parameters
NOTE Linear dimensions can be used as parameters, masses and another
4.27
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ISO/DIS 8965:2019(E)
determination of of round timber volume by mass
measurement of round timber (tree-length) by its mass with subsequent conversion
of mass figures into solid volume
4.28
dirt metal hauling road
a forest road with a soil and gravelcrushed stone surface mixed in a certain
proportion
4.29
earth hauling road
4.30
electro-optical determination of volume of round timber (tree-lenght)
determination of volume of round timber (tree lenght) by electro-optical devices
4.31
feller
faller
person, who fells trees hand felling
4.32
felling (tree)
falling(tree)
separation of stem of a of
...