ISO/TS 21139-1:2019
(Main)Permanence and durability of commercial prints — Part 1: Definition of use profiles and guiding principles for specifications
Permanence and durability of commercial prints — Part 1: Definition of use profiles and guiding principles for specifications
This document defines use profiles for commercial prints in terms of typical environmental stress factors and any mechanical and chemical stress factors to be considered additionally in their application. Methods and principles defined in this document apply to the various product classes of "commercial prints" that, following the terminology of ISO/TS 19300, include commercial production prints (flyers, brochures), transactional and stationary prints, signage, newspapers and periodical prints, book printing as well as packaging printing. These commercial prints often contain combinations of text, pictorial images and/or artwork. Prints for non-commercial use, including prints use and display in consumer home environments and prints exhibited or stored in museum context, are outside the scope of this document. For each use profile a set of suitable accelerated test methods for the leading environmental and/or mechanical or chemical stress factors is defined for representative testing. Guidance is given for translation of test results into suitable image permanence performance claims considering the variability of actual use in comparison to reference use profiles. The test methods and guiding principle described in this document apply to both, analogue and digitally printed matter, and the corresponding test targets from the ISO 12647 series are used. Methods and principles apply to both colour and monochrome prints.
Permanence et durabilité des impressions commerciales — Partie 1: Définition des profils d'utilisation et des principes directeurs pour les spécifications
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 21139-1
First edition
2019-08
Permanence and durability of
commercial prints —
Part 1:
Definition of use profiles and guiding
principles for specifications
Permanence et durabilité des impressions commerciales —
Partie 1: Définition des profils d'utilisation et des principes directeurs
pour les spécifications
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Guiding principles . 4
4.1 Image stability in view of use profiles . 4
4.2 Stresses in use profiles . 5
4.3 Retained print quality in use profiles . 5
4.4 Measurements of colour changes . 6
4.4.1 Colour fading . 6
4.4.2 Colour bleeding . 7
4.5 Other evaluations . 7
5 Definition of use profiles based on stresses . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Daylight and its variations as source of illumination in indoor and outdoor display. 9
5.3 Use profiles for indoor display of printed matter .10
5.4 Use profiles for outdoor display of printed matter.13
5.5 Use profiles with mechanical and chemical stress factors .13
5.6 Examples of use profiles for product and usage classes .14
6 Test methods .17
6.1 General .17
6.2 Limitations of predictive testing .17
6.3 Dependence of image permanence test results of printing technology .18
7 Reporting of changes .19
7.1 Reporting at fixed load .19
7.2 Reporting until certain change is reached .20
7.3 Blue wool scale and visual grey scale reporting .21
7.4 Communication of results .22
8 How to define a permanence/durability test suite for a use profile .23
8.1 General .23
8.2 Define use profile .23
8.3 Select test methods and procedure .23
8.4 Measurement and analysis of test results .24
8.5 Communication of image permanence results .24
Annex A (informative) Examples of indoor display use profiles .25
Annex B (informative) Test Targets .31
Annex C (informative) Product classes defined by ISO/TR 19300 .33
Annex D (informative) Estimation of stress levels .34
Annex E (informative) Example of test results .41
Annex F (informative) Examples of failure modes .45
th
Annex G (informative) Calculation of 95 percentile .49
Bibliography .52
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TS 21139 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This Technical Specification ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) defines use profiles and test methods for
permanence and durability testing of printed matter for use in the context of commercial applications,
which resemble a wide range of product and usage classes (see e.g. ISO/TR 19300). Product classes
included are commercial production prints (flyers, brochures), transactional and stationary prints,
signage, newspapers and periodical prints, book printing as well as packaging printing. These
commercial prints often contain combinations of text, pictorial images and/or artwork. Prints for
non-commercial use, including prints used and displayed in consumer home environments and prints
exhibited or stored in museum context, are outside the scope of this document.
A use profile describes typical environmental and other stresses characteristic for the conditions
under which a printed sheet or object is typically used. Also certain (implicit) expectations for retained
print properties under these conditions may be connected to a particular use profile. These need to
be explicated and linked to observed failure modes and assessed as measureable changes of image
parameters, including the various dimensions of image quality and physical integrity of the print.
For permanence testing either single or combined stress factors are applied in accelerated laboratory
tests that aim to simulate the degradation observed in field use. ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) defines test
methods that are appropriate to simulate exposure in use profiles of printed matter in a variety of
uses. Furthermore, requirements for reporting of permanence test results are given as guidance for
translation of test results into use profile performance, also addressing limitations of “year calculations”
due to restrictions of accelerated testing and variability in actual display conditions.
In the context of service life testing of identification cards defined in ISO 24789-1 and ISO 24789-2, a
matrix of stresses and evaluations has been defined to simulate various application profiles of such
plastic cards. ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) may be developed in an analogous way in a future revision.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 21139-1:2019(E)
Permanence and durability of commercial prints —
Part 1:
Definition of use profiles and guiding principles for
specifications
1 Scope
This document defines use profiles for commercial prints in terms of typical environmental stress
factors and any mechanical and chemical stress factors to be considered additionally in their application.
Methods and principles defined in this document apply to the various product classes of “commercial
prints” that, following the terminology of ISO/TS 19300, include commercial production prints (flyers,
brochures), transactional and stationary prints, signage, newspapers and periodical prints, book
printing as well as packaging printing. These commercial prints often contain combinations of text,
pictorial images and/or artwork. Prints for non-commercial use, including prints use and display in
consumer home environments and prints exhibited or stored in museum context, are outside the scope
of this document.
For each use profile a set of suitable accelerat
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 21139-1
First edition
2019-08
Permanence and durability of
commercial prints —
Part 1:
Definition of use profiles and guiding
principles for specifications
Permanence et durabilité des impressions commerciales —
Partie 1: Définition des profils d'utilisation et des principes directeurs
pour les spécifications
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Guiding principles . 4
4.1 Image stability in view of use profiles . 4
4.2 Stresses in use profiles . 5
4.3 Retained print quality in use profiles . 5
4.4 Measurements of colour changes . 6
4.4.1 Colour fading . 6
4.4.2 Colour bleeding . 7
4.5 Other evaluations . 7
5 Definition of use profiles based on stresses . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Daylight and its variations as source of illumination in indoor and outdoor display. 9
5.3 Use profiles for indoor display of printed matter .10
5.4 Use profiles for outdoor display of printed matter.13
5.5 Use profiles with mechanical and chemical stress factors .13
5.6 Examples of use profiles for product and usage classes .14
6 Test methods .17
6.1 General .17
6.2 Limitations of predictive testing .17
6.3 Dependence of image permanence test results of printing technology .18
7 Reporting of changes .19
7.1 Reporting at fixed load .19
7.2 Reporting until certain change is reached .20
7.3 Blue wool scale and visual grey scale reporting .21
7.4 Communication of results .22
8 How to define a permanence/durability test suite for a use profile .23
8.1 General .23
8.2 Define use profile .23
8.3 Select test methods and procedure .23
8.4 Measurement and analysis of test results .24
8.5 Communication of image permanence results .24
Annex A (informative) Examples of indoor display use profiles .25
Annex B (informative) Test Targets .31
Annex C (informative) Product classes defined by ISO/TR 19300 .33
Annex D (informative) Estimation of stress levels .34
Annex E (informative) Example of test results .41
Annex F (informative) Examples of failure modes .45
th
Annex G (informative) Calculation of 95 percentile .49
Bibliography .52
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TS 21139 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This Technical Specification ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) defines use profiles and test methods for
permanence and durability testing of printed matter for use in the context of commercial applications,
which resemble a wide range of product and usage classes (see e.g. ISO/TR 19300). Product classes
included are commercial production prints (flyers, brochures), transactional and stationary prints,
signage, newspapers and periodical prints, book printing as well as packaging printing. These
commercial prints often contain combinations of text, pictorial images and/or artwork. Prints for
non-commercial use, including prints used and displayed in consumer home environments and prints
exhibited or stored in museum context, are outside the scope of this document.
A use profile describes typical environmental and other stresses characteristic for the conditions
under which a printed sheet or object is typically used. Also certain (implicit) expectations for retained
print properties under these conditions may be connected to a particular use profile. These need to
be explicated and linked to observed failure modes and assessed as measureable changes of image
parameters, including the various dimensions of image quality and physical integrity of the print.
For permanence testing either single or combined stress factors are applied in accelerated laboratory
tests that aim to simulate the degradation observed in field use. ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) defines test
methods that are appropriate to simulate exposure in use profiles of printed matter in a variety of
uses. Furthermore, requirements for reporting of permanence test results are given as guidance for
translation of test results into use profile performance, also addressing limitations of “year calculations”
due to restrictions of accelerated testing and variability in actual display conditions.
In the context of service life testing of identification cards defined in ISO 24789-1 and ISO 24789-2, a
matrix of stresses and evaluations has been defined to simulate various application profiles of such
plastic cards. ISO/TS 21139 (all parts) may be developed in an analogous way in a future revision.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 21139-1:2019(E)
Permanence and durability of commercial prints —
Part 1:
Definition of use profiles and guiding principles for
specifications
1 Scope
This document defines use profiles for commercial prints in terms of typical environmental stress
factors and any mechanical and chemical stress factors to be considered additionally in their application.
Methods and principles defined in this document apply to the various product classes of “commercial
prints” that, following the terminology of ISO/TS 19300, include commercial production prints (flyers,
brochures), transactional and stationary prints, signage, newspapers and periodical prints, book
printing as well as packaging printing. These commercial prints often contain combinations of text,
pictorial images and/or artwork. Prints for non-commercial use, including prints use and display in
consumer home environments and prints exhibited or stored in museum context, are outside the scope
of this document.
For each use profile a set of suitable accelerat
...
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