ISO/IEC 19794-14:2022
(Main)Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 14: DNA data
Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 14: DNA data
This document specifies a data interchange format for the exchange of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data for person identification or verification technologies that utilize human DNA. Consideration of laboratory procedures is out of scope of this document. This document provides the ability for DNA profile data to be exchanged and used for comparison (subject to privacy regulations) with DNA profile data produced by any other system that is based on a compatible DNA profiling technique and where the data format conforms to this document. This document is intended to cover current forensic DNA profiling or typing techniques that are based on short tandem repeats (STRs), including STRs on the X chromosome (X-STRs) the Y chromosome (Y-STRs), as well as mitochondrial DNA. A single DNA profile for a subject can contain data resulting from more than one of these different DNA techniques. This document enables data from multiple DNA techniques to be presented in a single DNA profile for a given subject. This document has been prepared in light of ongoing efforts to reduce human involvement in the processing (enrolment and comparison) of DNA. In anticipation of the data format requirements for automated DNA techniques, this document describes a format for both processed and raw (electrophoretic) DNA data. A normative XML schema definition (XSD) is provided in Clause A.1 for the syntax of DNA data XML documents. In Clause A.2, there is a sample DNA data XML document. This document is not intended for any other purposes than exchange of DNA for biometric verification and identification of individuals. In particular, it is not intended for the exchange of medical and other health-related information. This document also specifies elements of conformance testing methodology, test assertions and test procedures as applicable to this document. It establishes test assertions pertaining to the structure of the DNA data format (Type A Level 1 as defined in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011/Amd. 1:2013) and test assertions pertaining to internal consistency of the values contained within each field (Type A,ind Level 2 as defined in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011/Amd. 1:2013). This document also specifies test assertions pertaining to the content of DNA data XML documents (Level 3 as defined in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011/Amd. 1:2013). The successful completion of Level 1 and Level 2 is a prerequisite for carrying out the tests at Level 3. The conformance testing methodology specified in this document does not establish: — tests of other characteristics of biometric products or other types of testing of biometric products (e.g. acceptance, performance, robustness, security); — tests of systems not claimed to conform to the requirements of this document.
Technologies de l'information — Formats d'échange de données biométriques — Partie 14: Données ADN
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19794-14
Second edition
2022-10
Information technology — Biometric
data interchange formats —
Part 14:
DNA data
Technologies de l'information — Formats d'échange de données
biométriques —
Partie 14: Données ADN
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2022
© ISO/IEC 2022
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Terms related to basic DNA concepts . 2
3.2 Terms related to DNA profiling. 4
3.3 Terms related to DNA databases . 5
3.4 Terms related to DNA profile comparison and interpretation of results . 6
4 Abbreviated terms . 8
5 Conformance . 9
6 DNA data format specification . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Data conventions . 10
6.2.1 Unknown field value . 10
6.2.2 DNA data handlings . 11
6.3 Content of the DNA XML schema . 15
6.3.1 Overview . 15
6.3.2 General header . 15
6.3.3 Representations . 18
6.3.4 Pedigrees . 35
7 Registered format type identifier .39
Annex A (normative) DNA XML schema definition and sample encoding .40
Annex B (normative) Conformance testing methodology .59
Annex C (informative) DNA kit identifiers .64
Annex D (informative) DNA loci .70
Annex E (informative) Kinship interoperability tests — Pedigree test cases .76
Annex F (informative) Additional interoperability tests . 107
Annex G (informative) DNA loci for identification purposes . 132
Bibliography .134
iii
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-14:2013), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO/IEC 19794-14:2013/Amd. 1:2016.
The main changes are as follows:
— Clause 6 and Annex A have been technically revised to enable the standardized interchange of DNA
profile search results;
— Annex B has been technically revised to reflect the revised data interchange format;
— New Annexes E, F and G have been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 19794 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Forensic molecular genetics has evolved from a rapidly developing field with changing technologies into
a highly recognized and generally accepted forensic science. Forensic genetics using deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) profiling comprises a number of important applications. Examples are the investigation
of biological stains to obtain evidence for the presence of an alleged perpetrator at a crime scene by
comparing the genetic profiles from crime scene samples of human origin, to those available at DNA
databases administered by law enforcement agencies. These also include the identification of unknown
corpses in the context of both natural death and crime, immigration, paternity testing and disaster
victim identification (DVI).
This document is based on DNA data from forensic DNA typing techniques that are commonly used,
namely short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and other DNA typing techniques that are standardized by
scientific bodies for the purpose of discriminating between individuals.
The purpose of this data interchange format is to enable the exchange of DNA data from different
systems, not to impose any constraints on the specific DNA typing system/technique to be used. Where
existing DNA data exchange formats have been referenced in the preparation of this document, these
formats are listed as references.
Standard profiling systems exploit the non-coding parts of DNA that are referred to as “junk DNA”. The
coding regions, which are richer in information pertaining to specific genetic traits of an individual, are
deliberately avoided in order to maintain the privacy and civil rights of the donor. In addition, national
data protection and privacy legislation can impose special security safeguards, such as (but not limited
to) encryption of data transfers and/or storage.
This document supports XML (Extensible Markup Language) encoding, to support a spectrum of user
requirements. Annex A specifies the schema against which XML-encoded DNA data XML documents
are required to validate. It also contains a sample DNA data XML document. Annex B addresses the
conformance testing methodology. Annex C lists some examples of DNA analysis kits. Annex D lists
the names of DNA loci. Annex E lists interoperability test data for kinship searching in the form of
pedigrees. In Annex F, there is a description of interoperability tests at Level 3 (semantics). By means of
the sample inclusion and comparison rules listed in Annex G, a target can be identified among a number
of candidates.
v
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-14:2022(E)
Information technology — Biometric data interchange
formats —
Part 14:
DNA data
1 Scope
This document specifies a data interchange format for the exchange of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
data for person identification or verification technologies that utilize human DNA. Consideration of
laboratory procedures is out of scope of this document.
This document provides the ability for DNA profile data to be exchanged and used for comparison
(subject to privacy regulations) with DNA profile data produced by any other system that is based on a
compatible DNA profiling technique and where the data format conforms to this document.
This document is intended to cover current forensic DNA profiling or typing techniques that are based
on short tandem repeats (STRs), including STRs on the X chromosome (X-STRs) the Y chromosome
(Y-STRs), as well as mitochondrial DNA. A single DNA profile for a subject can contain data resulting
from more than one of these different DNA techniques. This document enables data from multiple DNA
techniques to be presented in a single DNA profile for a given subject.
This document has been prepared in light of ongoing efforts to reduce human involvement in the
processing (enrolment and comparison) of DNA. In anticipation of the data format requirements
for automated DNA techniques, this document describes a format for both processed and raw
(electrophoretic) DNA data. A normative XML schema definition (XSD) is provided in Clause A.1 for the
syntax of DNA data XML documents. In Clause A.2, there is a sample DNA data XML document.
This document is not intended for any other purposes than exchange of DNA for biometric verification
and identification of individuals. In particular, it is not intended for the exchange of medical and other
health-related information.
This document also specifies elements of conformance testing methodology, test assertions and test
procedures as applicable to this document. It establishes test assertions pertaining to the structure
of the DNA data format (Type A Level 1 as defined in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011/Amd. 1:2013) and test
assertions pertaining to internal consistency of the values contained within each field (Type A,ind
Level 2 as defined in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2
...
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