ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005

Information technology — Security techniques — A framework for IT security assurance — Part 2: Assurance methods

ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005 describes a variety of IT security assurance methods and approaches and relates them to the IT security assurance framework in ISO/IEC TR 15443-1. The emphasis is to identify qualitative properties of the assurance methods and elements that contribute to assurance, and where possible, to define assurance ratings. This material is intended for IT security professionals for the understanding of how to obtain assurance in a given life-cycle stage of a product or service. The objective is to describe and categorize assurance methods and approaches in a manner enabling a review of their comparable and synergetic properties. This will facilitate selection of the appropriate assurance method or and possible combination of assurance methods for a given IT security product, system, or service and its specific environment.

Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Un canevas pour l'assurance de la sécurité dans les technologies de l'information — Partie 2: Méthodes d'assurance

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 18-Sep-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 18-Sep-2005
• ICS: 35.030 - IT Security
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 3 - Security evaluation, testing and specification
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 16-Nov-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2012 - Information technology — Security techniques — Security assurance framework — Part 2: Analysis
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
15443-2
First edition
2005-09-01


Information technology — Security
techniques — A framework for IT security
assurance —
Part 2:
Assurance methods
Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Un canevas
pour l'assurance de la sécurité dans les technologies de l'information —
Partie 2: Méthodes d'assurance




Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2005

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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
1.1 Purpose. 1
1.2 Field of Application. 1
1.3 Limitations. 2
2 Normative references. 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 3
4 Overview and Presentation of Methods . 3
5 Assurance Life Cycle Phase and Legend . 4
5.1 Assurance Approach and Legend . 4
5.2 Actuality and Legend. 5
5.3 Security Relevance and Legend. 5
5.4 Overview Table. 5
5.5 Presentation Methodology. 7
6 Assurance Methods. 9
6.1 ISO/IEC 15408 – Evaluation criteria for IT security ±. 9
6.2 TCSEC – Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria ±. 10
6.3 ITSEC/ITSEM – Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria and Methodology ± . 12
6.4 CTCPEC – Canadian Trusted Product Evaluation Criteria ± . 14
6.5 KISEC/KISEM – Korea Information Security Evaluation Criteria and Methodology ± . 15
6.6 RAMP – Rating Maintenance Phase ±. 17
6.7 ERM – Evaluation Rating Maintenance (in general) ± . 18
6.8 TTAP – Trust Technology Assessment Program ± . 20
6.9 TPEP – Trusted Product Evaluation Program ±. 21
6.10 Rational Unified Process® (RUP®) . 22
6.11 ISO/IEC 15288 – System Life Cycle Processes.24
6.12 ISO/IEC 12207 – Software Life Cycle Processes . 26
6.13 V–Model. 28
6.14 ISO/IEC 14598 – Software product evaluation . 30
6.15 X/Open Baseline Security Services±. 32
6.16 SCT – Strict Conformance Testing . 33
6.17 ISO/IEC 21827 – Systems Security Engineering – Capability Maturity Model
(SSE-CMM®) ± . 34
6.18 TCMM – Trusted Capability Maturity Model ± . 36
6.19 CMMI – Capability Maturity Model ® Integration .37
6.20 ISO/IEC 15504 – Software Process Assessment . 39
6.21 CMM – Capability Maturity Model® (for Software) . 40
6.22 SE-CMM® – Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model ® . 42
6.23 TSDM – Trusted Software Development Methodology. 43
6.24 SdoC – Supplier’s declaration of Conformity . 45
6.25 SA-CMM® – Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model®. 46
6.26 ISO 9000 Series – Quality Management . 47
6.27 ISO 13407 – Human Centered Design (HCD) . 48
6.28 Developer’s Pedigree (in general). 49
6.29 ISO/IEC 17025 – Accreditation Assurance . 50
6.30 ISO/IEC 13335 – Management of information and communications technology security
(MICTS) . 51
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
6.31 BS 7799-2 – Information security management systems – Specification with guidance for
use ±. 53
6.32 ISO/IEC 17799 – Code of practice for information security management ± . 54
6.33 FR – Flaw Remediation (in general) . 56
6.34 IT Baseline Protection Manual ± . 57
6.35 Penetration Testing ± . 58
6.36 Personnel Certification (in general) . 59
6.37 Personnel Certification (security related)±. 61
Bibliography . 63

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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report
of one of the following types:
— type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
— type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
— type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether
they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to
be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 15443-2, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques.
ISO/IEC TR 15443 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Security
techniques — A framework for IT security assurance:
⎯ Part 1: Overview and framework
⎯ Part 2: Assurance methods
The following part is under preparation:
⎯ Part 3: Analysis of assurance methods


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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Introduction
The objective of this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is to describe a variety of assurance methods and approaches
that may be applicable to ICT security, as proposed or used by various types of organizations whether they
are generally acknowledged, de-facto approved or standardized, and to relate them to the assurance model of
ISO/IEC TR 15443-1. The emphasis is to identify qualitative properties of the assurance methods that
contribute to assurance, and where possible, to define assurance ratings. This material is catering to an ICT
Security professional for the understanding of how to obtain assurance in a given life cycle stage of product or
service.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 gives for each item of the collection its aim, description and reference. Each
item of collection of assurance methods is then placed within the framework defined in ISO/IEC TR 15443-1.
The assurance methods listed in this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 are considered to comprise generally known
items at the time of its writing. New methods may appear, and enhancements or other modification to the
existing ones may occur.
Developers, evaluators, quality managers and acquirers may select assurance methods from this part of
ISO/IEC TR 15443 for assurance of the ICT security software and systems; defining assurance requirements,
evaluating products, measuring security aspects and other purposes. In complement, they may also use
assurance methods which are not included here. This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is applicable to the
assurance of security aspects, although many of the methods may also be applicable for the assurance of
other critical aspects of software and systems.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is intended to be used together with ISO/IEC TR 15443-1.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 will analyze assurance methods that may not be unique to ICT security;
however, guidance given in this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 will be limited to ICT security requirements.
Similarly, additional terms and concepts defined in other International standardization initiatives (i.e. CASCO)
and International guides (e.g., ISO/IEC Guide 2) will be incorporated; however, guidance will be provided
specific to the field of ICT security and is not intended for general quality management and assessment, or
ICT conformity.

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)

Information technology — Security techniques — A framework
for IT security assurance —
Part 2:
Assurance methods
1 Scope
1.1 Purpose
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 provides a collection of assurance methods including those not unique to ICT
security as long as they contribute to overall ICT security. It gives an overview as to their aim and describes
their features, reference and standardization aspects.
In principle, the resultant ICT security assurance is the assurance of the product, system or service in
operation. The resultant assurance is therefore the sum of the assurance increments obtained by each of the
assurance methods applied to the product, system or service during its life cycle stages. The large number of
available assurance methods makes guidance necessary as to which method to apply to a given ICT field to
gain recognized assurance.
Each item of the collection presented in this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is classified in an overview fashion
using the basic assurance concepts and terms developed in ISO/IEC TR 15443-1.
Using this categorization, this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 guides the ICT professional in the selection, and
possible combination, of the assurance method(s) suitable for a given ICT security product, system, or service
and its specific environment.
1.2 Field of Application
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 gives guidance in a summary and overview fashion. It is suitable to obtain from
the presented collection a reduced set of applicable methods to choose from, by way of exclusion of
inappropriate methods.
The summaries are informative to provide the basics to facilitate the understanding of the analysis without
requiring the source standards.
Intended users of this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 include the following:
1. acquirer (an individual or organization that acquires or procures a system, software product or software
service from a supplier);
2. evaluator (an individual or organization that performs an evaluation; an evaluator may, for example, be a
testing laboratory, the quality department of a software development organization, a government
organization or a user);
3. developer (an individual or organization that performs development activities, including requirements
analysis, design, and testing through acceptance during the software life cycle process);
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
4. maintainer (an individual or organization that performs maintenance activities);
5. supplier (an individual or organization that enters into a contract with the acquirer for the supply of a
system, software product or software service under the terms of the contract) when validating software
quality at qualification test;
6. user (an individual or organization that uses the software product to perform a specific function) when
evaluating quality of software product at acceptance test;
7. security officer or department (an individual or organization that perform a systematic examination of the
software product or software services) when evaluating software quality at qualification test.
1.3 Limitations
This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 gives guidance in an overview fashion only. ISO/IEC TR 15443-3 provides
guidance to refine this choice for better resolution of assurance requirements enabling a review of their
comparable and synergetic properties.
The regulatory infrastructure to support verification of an assurance approach and the personnel to perform
verification is outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC TR 15443.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements
ISO/IEC 9126-1, Software engineering — Product quality — Part 1: Quality model
ISO/IEC 12207, Information technology — Software life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 13335-1, Information technology — Security techniques — Management of information and
communications technology security — Part 1: Concepts and models for information and communications
technology security management
ISO/IEC TR 13335-2, Information technology — Guidelines for the management of IT Security — Part 2:
Managing and planning IT Security
ISO/IEC TR 13335-3, Information technology — Guidelines for the management of IT Security — Part 3:
Techniques for the management of IT Security
ISO/IEC TR 13335-4, Information technology — Guidelines for the management of IT Security — Part 4:
Selection of safeguards
ISO/IEC TR 13335-5, Information technology — Guidelines for the management of IT Security — Part 5:
Management guidance on network security
ISO/IEC 14598-1, Information technology — Software product evaluation — Part 1: General overview
ISO/IEC 15939, Software engineering — Software measurement process
ISO/IEC 15288, Systems engineering — System life cycle processes
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
ISO/IEC 15408-1, Information technology —Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security — Part 1:
Introduction and general model
ISO/IEC 15408-2, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security — Part 2:
Security functional requirements
ISO/IEC 15408-3, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security — Part 3:
Security assurance requirements
ISO/IEC 15504-1, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 1: Concepts and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 15504-2, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 2: Performing and assessment
ISO/IEC 15504-3, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 3: Guidance on performing an
assessment
ISO/IEC 15504-4, Information technology — Process assessment — Part 4: Guidance on use for process
improvement and process capability determination
ISO/IEC TR 15504-5, Information technology — Software Process Assessment — Part 5: An assessment
model and indicator guidance
ISO/IEC 17799, Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information security
management
ISO/IEC 21827, Information technology — Systems Security Engineering — Capability Maturity Model
(SSE-CMM®)
ISO/IEC 90003, Software engineering — Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 to computer
software
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC TR 15443-1
apply.
4 Overview and Presentation of Methods
Part 1 of this technical report provides a framework for the categorization of existing assurance methods. This
clause lists and presents the available assurance methods that are of interest and directly related to the field
of ICT security. It classifies these methods according to the framework:
⎯ according to the different assurance phases - describing its lifecycle aspect: Design, Implementation,
Integration, Verification, Deployment, Transition, or Operation;
⎯ according to the different assurance approach: Product, Process or Environment.
As stated in Part 1 of this technical report an assurance method may comprise a combination of assurance
approach and assurance phase.
For additional user guidance the overview table in sub-clause 5.4 presents this categorization along with a
mention of:
⎯ the ICT security relevance of the individual methods and
⎯ the actuality of the individual methods.
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
5 Assurance Life Cycle Phase and Legend
The overview table in sub-clause 5.4 lists the later presented methods classified according to their Life Cycle
Phase. The subclause title of each individual listing repeats this classification.
The different Life Cycle Phases of interest are graphically represented by four columns of the table. For this
purpose and approaching the concepts of ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO 9000, the Technical Life Cycle Processes
are grouped into four stages, one for each column and abbreviated by one letter as follows:
D Design, including the processes Stakeholder Requirements Definition, Requirements Analysis,
Architectural Design and Implementation
I Integration, including the processes Integration and Verification
T Transition, including the processes Replication, Transition, Deployment and Validation
O Operation, including the processes Operation, Maintenance and Disposal
Note 1: A given assurance method may cover one life cycle phase only remotely. In this case, this phase is not
flagged in the graphical presentation.
Note 2: The life cycle processes D-I-T-O are those applicable to a specific ICT system and its components, i.e.,
hardware, software. The development and improvement of the life cycle processes are a second dimension which may be
graphically represented but presently is not shown. In ICT security this dimension is particularly important for the security
management methods applied to ICT systems in the operations phase, such as ISO/IEC 17799 and BS 7799-2. This
second dimension essentially comprises process assessment and documentation, development, measurement,
improvement and certification. This second dimension is orthogonal to the D-I-T-O dimension.
5.1 Assurance Approach and Legend
The overview table in sub-clause 5.4 lists the later presented methods categorized according to their
assurance approach. The subclause title of each individual listing repeats this categorization.
The respective assurance approach categories of the methods are represented symbolically (refer to Table 1):
— Product Assurance: showing the life cycle phase letter within arrows, in a blank " field, e.g. ⇒D⇒
— Process Assurance: showing the life cycle phase letter white on shaded background, e.g., D
— Environmental assurance: showing the life cycle phase cell as with side bars left and right, e.g.  D .
Table 1 — Assurance methods in the framework - Legend
Clause
Design/
Assurance --Phase→
Integration/ Deployment
Implemen- Operation
Verification /Transition
--Approach↓
tation
Product[/System/Service] [±] ⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒ ⇒O⇒
Process [±] D I T O
Environment D I T O
[/Organization/Personnel] [±]

Note 1: As methods may feature a combination of approaches, the symbols may be cumulated; e.g., a method
offering both process and environmental assurance will be the letter on a dark field with a dark frame.
Note 2: A given assurance method may cover one approach more or less extensively. This visual overview
presentation is not suited to represent the extent of coverage of the various assurance approaches by a given method.
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Note 3: A given assurance method may cover one approach only remotely. In this case, this approach is not flagged in
the graphical presentation.
5.2 Actuality and Legend
As of the great number of methods the user of This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is given some direction as to
their status. The overview table in sub-clause 5.4 reflects this status as follows:
— the methods presently in relatively wide-spread use and active maintenance are represented in the
overview table of sub-clause 5.4 in bold characters.
— the methods becoming obsolete, superseded, merged or otherwise loosing actuality are represented in
the overview table of sub-clause 5.4 in regular slim characters.
Note: This legend is not repeated in the subclause title of the individual listing.
5.3 Security Relevance and Legend
As of the great number of methods the user of This part of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is given some direction as to
their ICT security relevance. The overview table in sub-clause 5.4 and the applicable subclause title reflect
this status as follows:
— Methods which are specifically oriented towards ICT security have been awarded a "lock" sign (±).
5.4 Overview Table
Table 2 presents an overview of the considered assurance methods, together with their classification
according to the framework developed in Part 1 of this Technical Report, as explained above.
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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Table 2 — Assurance methods in the framework - Overview
Clause
Assurance --Phase→
Design/
Integration/ Deployment/
Operation
Implemen-
Verification Transition
--Approach↓
tation
6.1 ISO/IEC 15408 – Evaluation criteria
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒ ⇒O⇒
for IT security ±
6.2 TCSEC – Trusted Computer System
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒O⇒
Evaluation Criteria ±
6.3 ITSEC/ITSEM – Information
Technology Security Evaluation Criteria ⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒O⇒
and Methodology ±
6.4 CTCPEC – Canadian Trusted Product
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒
Evaluation Criteria ±
6.5 KISEC/KISEM – Korea Information
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒O⇒
Security Evaluation Criteria and
Methodology ±
6.6 RAMP – Rating Maintenance
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒O⇒
Phase ±
6.7 ERM – Evaluation Rating
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒O⇒
Maintenance (in general) ±
6.8 TTAP – Trust Technology
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒
Assessment Program ±
6.9 TPEP – Trusted Product Evaluation
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒
Program ±
6.10 Rational Unified Process® (RUP®) ⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒
6.11 ISO/IEC 15288 – System Life Cycle
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒ ⇒O⇒
Processes
6.12 ISO/IEC 12207 – Software Life Cycle
⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒ ⇒O⇒
Processes
6.13 V–Model ⇒D⇒ ⇒I⇒ ⇒T⇒ ⇒O⇒
6.14 ISO/IEC 14598 – Software product
⇒D⇒  ⇒O⇒
evaluation
6.15 X/Open Baseline Security Services± ⇒D⇒
6.16 SCT – Strict Conformance Testing ⇒I⇒
6.17 ISO/IEC 21827 – Systems Security
Engineering – Capability Maturity D I T O
Model (SSE-CMM®) ±
6.18 TCMM – Trusted Capability Maturity
D I
Model ±
6.19 CMMI – Capability Maturity Model ®
D I T O
Integration
6.20 ISO/IEC 15504 – Software Process
D I T O
Assessment
6.21 CMM – Capability Maturity Model®
D I
(for Software)



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ISO/IEC TR 15443-2:2005(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Design/
...