ISO/TR 18228-5

Design using geosynthetics — Part 5: Stabilization

Conception utilisant des géosynthétiques — Partie 5: Stabilisation

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 221 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 221/WG 6 - Design using geosynthetics
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 10-Sep-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 18228-5
ISO/TC 221
Design using geosynthetics —
Secretariat: BSI
Part 5:
Voting begins on:
2024-07-15
Stabilization
Voting terminates on:
Conception utilisant des géosynthétiques —
2024-09-09
Partie 5: Stabilisation
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en) © ISO 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en)
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 18228-5
ISO/TC 221
Design using geosynthetics —
Secretariat: BSI
Part 5:
Voting begins on:
Stabilization
Voting terminates on:
Conception utilisant des géosynthétiques —
Partie 5: Stabilisation
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concepts and fundamental principles . 1
4.1 General .1
4.2 Benefits .3
4.3 Confinement and particle restraint .4
4.3.1 General .4
4.3.2 Internal confinement — Description of mechanism .4
4.3.3 External confinement — Description of mechanism .6
4.4 Vehicular action .9
4.5 Loading conditions (cyclic and static) .9
4.6 Multi component systems .10
4.7 Static loads — Settlement control and limitation .10
4.8 Reduction in deformation from trafficking .10
4.9 Reduction in unbound aggregate degradation .10
4.10 Extension of design life .10
4.11 Ground and groundwater conditions .11
4.12 Climatic conditions .11
4.13 Sustainability .11
4.14 Impact of filtration, separation and drainage requirements . 12
5 Typical applications .12
5.1 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in trafficked areas . 12
5.2 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in railways . 13
5.3 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in working platforms .14
6 Design methods .15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Unpaved roads . 15
6.2.1 Giroud-Han (2004) method . 15
6.2.2 Leng-Gabr (2006) method .17
6.2.3 Pokharel (2010) method for geocells .18
6.2.4 Emersleben (2009) method for geocells .19
6.3 Paved roads . 22
6.3.1 Modified American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) (1993) method . 22
6.3.2 MEPDG methods .24
6.4 Working platforms and load transfer platforms . 25
6.4.1 General . 25
6.4.2 Static method for clay subgrade . 25
6.4.3 BCR method for soft sand subgrade .27
6.5 Railways . 28
6.5.1 Network Rail (UK) design specifications . 28
6.5.2 Ev2 method . 29
6.5.3 Railway ballast stabilization .31
6.5.4 Design method for railway stabilization with geocells .32
6.6 Design of the geosynthetics layout . 33
7 Materials .36
7.1 Properties of aggregate . 36
7.2 Key properties for geosynthetics – Internal confinement . 36
7.3 Key properties for geosynthetics – External confinement . 36

iii
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en)
8 Testing.37
8.1 General .37
8.2 Accelerated pavement tests (APT) .37
8.3 Tests for geotextiles and geogrids . 38
8.4 Tests for geocells . . . 38
Annex A (informative) Tensioned membrane design .40
Bibliography .43

iv
ISO/DTR 18228-5:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of
...

ISO/DTR 18228-5
ISO/TC 221
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2024-07-01
Design using geosynthetics —
Part 5:
Stabilization
Conception utilisant des géosynthétiques —
Partie 5: Stabilisation
ISO/DTR 18228-5:(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: [phone]
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DTR 18228-5:(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concepts and fundamental principles . 1
4.1 General . 1
4.2 Benefits . 3
4.3 Confinement and particle restraint . 4
4.3.1 General . 4
4.3.2 Internal confinement — Description of mechanism . 4
4.3.3 External confinement — Description of mechanism . 6
4.4 Vehicular action . 9
4.5 Loading conditions (cyclic and static) . 9
4.6 Multi component systems . 10
4.7 Static loads — Settlement control and limitation . 10
4.8 Reduction in deformation from trafficking . 10
4.9 Reduction in unbound aggregate degradation . 10
4.10 Extension of design life . 11
4.11 Ground and groundwater conditions . 11
4.12 Climatic conditions . 11
4.13 Sustainability . 12
4.14 Impact of filtration, separation and drainage requirements . 12
5 Typical applications . 13
5.1 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in trafficked areas . 13
5.2 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in railways . 14
5.3 Stabilized granular (aggregate) layers in working platforms . 15
6 Design methods . 16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Unpaved roads . 16
6.2.1 Giroud-Han (2004) method . 16
6.2.2 Leng-Gabr (2006) method . 17
6.2.3 Pokharel (2010) method for geocells . 18
6.2.4 Emersleben (2009) method for geocells . 20
6.3 Paved roads . 23
6.3.1 Modified American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
(1993) method . 23
6.3.2 MEPDG methods . 25
6.4 Working platforms and load transfer platforms . 25
6.4.1 General . 25
6.4.2 Static method for clay subgrade . 26
6.4.3 BCR method for soft sand subgrade . 28
6.5 Railways . 29
6.5.1 Network Rail (UK) design specifications . 29
6.5.2 Ev2 method . 30
6.5.3 Railway ballast stabilization . 32
6.5.4 Design method for railway stabilization with geocells . 33
6.6 Design of the geosynthetics layout . 35
iii
ISO/DTR 18228-5:(en)
7 Materials. 38
7.1 Properties of aggregate . 38
7.2 Key properties for geosynthetics – Internal confinement . 38
7.3 Key properties for geosynthetics – External confinement . 38
8 Testing . 39
8.1 General . 39
8.2 Accelerated pavement tests (APT) . 40
8.3 Tests for geotextiles and geogrids . 40
8.4 Tests for geocells . 41
Annex A (informative) Tensioned membrane design . 42
A.1 Description of tensioned membrane mechanism . 42
A.2 Design methodology . 42
Bibliography . 46

iv
ISO/DTR 18228-5:(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 18228 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO/DTR 18228-5:(en)
Introduction
The ISO 18228 series provides guidance for designs using geosynthetics for soils and below ground structures
in contact with natural soils, fills and asphalt. The series contains 10 parts which cover designs using
geosynthetics, including guidance for characterization of the materials to be used and other factors affecting
the design and performance of the systems which are particular to each part, with ISO/TR 18228-1 providing
general guidance relevant to the subsequent parts of the series.
The series is generally written in a limit state format and guidelines are provided in terms of partial material
factors and load factors for various applications and design lives, where appropriate.
Ultimate limit state (ULS) design is necessary for some applications, e.g. slab foundation design, working
platform design etc., but usually must be proven separately. This document is a state of practice report and
information is provided in terms of the application of the mechanisms and design methods. A discussion on
separation, filtration and other relevant engineering issues addressed with geosynthetics are addressed in the
separate parts of ISO 18228.
This document includes information relating to the stabilization function. Details ofregarding design
methodologymethodologies adopted in a number of regions are provided.
vi
ISO TR/DTR 18228-5:(en)
Design using geosynthetics —
Part 5:
Stabilization
1 Scope
This document provides a summary of general guidance for the design of geosynthetics to fulfil the function
of stabilization of granular layers in contact with nat
...