ISO 3548-3

Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without flange — Part 3: Determination of the peripheral length

Paliers lisses — Demi-coussinets minces à collerette ou sans collerette — Partie 3: Détermination de la longueur développée

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 21.100.10 - Plain bearings
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 5 - Quality analysis and assurance
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 5 - Quality analysis and assurance
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 27-Dec-2022

Relations

• Revises: ISO 3548-3:2012 - Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without flange — Part 3: Measurement of peripheral length
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ISO/DISFDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
ISO TC 123/SC 5
Date: 2022-01-19
Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without flange — Part 3:
Determination of the peripheral length

Paliers lisses — Demi-coussinets minces à collerette ou sans collerette — Partie 3: Mesurage de la

longueur développée
Second edition
Date: 2022-10-17
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of

this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written

permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the

country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ vi

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................... 1

4 Symbols .................................................................................................................................................. 2

5 Purpose of checking ........................................................................................................................... 4

6 Checking methods .............................................................................................................................. 4

6.1 Method A ............................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2 Method B ............................................................................................................................................... 5

7 Choice and designation of checking method ............................................................................. 6

7.1 Choice of checking method .............................................................................................................. 6

7.2 Designation of checking method ................................................................................................... 7

8 Measuring equipment ....................................................................................................................... 7

9 Measuring equipment requirements ........................................................................................... 9

9.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.2 Tolerance on checking load setting .............................................................................................. 9

9.3 Speed of approach of measuring head ......................................................................................... 9

9.4 Construction of measuring head.................................................................................................... 9

9.5 Accuracy of the measuring plane for metering bars ............................................................... 9

9.6 Accuracy of the dial gauge ............................................................................................................ 10

10 Gauging tools for establishing the datum ................................................................................ 10

10.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 10

10.2 Master checking block (used alone) .......................................................................................... 10

10.3 Series checking block used alone ............................................................................................... 10

10.4 Series checking block with master shell .................................................................................. 10

11 Checking block requirements...................................................................................................... 10

11.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 10

11.2 Reference tooling: master checking block — General ......................................................... 11

11.2.1 Reference tooling — Master checking block ........................................................................... 11

11.2.2 Manufacturing limits — General ................................................................................................ 11

11.2.3 Measuring accuracy of equipment used for establishing d and H .................. 13

cbm,M cbm,M

11.2.4 Permissible wear limit ................................................................................................................... 13

11.3 Series gauging tools ........................................................................................................................ 13

11.3.1 Series checking block used alone ............................................................................................... 13

11.3.2 Manufacturing limits, correction factor and permissible wear limit ............................. 13

11.3.3 Series checking block with master shell or with comparison shell ................................ 15

12 Master shell and comparison shell requirements ................................................................ 15

12.1 Master shell requirements ........................................................................................................... 15

12.1.1 Manufacturing limits ...................................................................................................................... 16

12.1.2 Correction factor, F ................................................................................................................. 17

cor ms

12.1.3 Permissible wear limit ................................................................................................................... 17

12.2 Comparison shell requirements ................................................................................................. 17

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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

13 Correction factors ............................................................................................................................ 17

13.1 Reference tooling: master checking block correction factor, F .............................. 17

cor cbm

13.2 Series control tooling ..................................................................................................................... 18

13.2.1 Correction factor for series checking block used alone, Fcor cbs ......................................... 18

13.2.2 Correction factor for series checking block with master shell ......................................... 18

13.2.3 Master shell correction factor, F ......................................................................................... 18

cor ms

13.2.4 Comparison shell correction factor, F ................................................................................ 18

cor cs

13.3 Marking ............................................................................................................................................... 19

13.4 Reference setting ............................................................................................................................. 19

14 Typical checking procedure ......................................................................................................... 19

15 Conditions of the half bearings to be checked ........................................................................ 19

16 Measuring errors ............................................................................................................................. 20

16.1 Errors due to measuring equipment ......................................................................................... 20

16.2 Errors due to the checking block ................................................................................................ 20

16.3 Errors due to the correction factor ............................................................................................ 20

16.4 Errors due to the half bearing ..................................................................................................... 20

16.5 Error due to the choice of checking method ........................................................................... 21

17 Accuracy of methods used ............................................................................................................ 21

17.1 Checking conditions ........................................................................................................................ 21

17.2 Limits ................................................................................................................................................... 21

17.3 Calculation ......................................................................................................................................... 21

18 Specifications on bearing drawings ........................................................................................... 21

19 Specifications for the control of the checking means ........................................................... 21

Annex A (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master checking block —

Method A ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

Annex B (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master checking block —

Method B ........................................................................................................................................................... 27

Annex C (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the series checking block

used alone ........................................................................................................................................................ 31

Annex D (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master shell or

comparison shell ............................................................................................................................................ 32

Annex E (normative) Tests and calculation of repeatability, reproducibility and

comparability .................................................................................................................................... 34

iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain Bearings, Subcommittee SC 5,

Quality analysis and assurance.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3548-3:2012), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— the errors in the calculation form in Annex A, Figure A.1 and Figure A.6: errors in the calculation form

4 have been corrected;

— the errors in the calculation form in Annex B, Figure B.1 and Figure B.5: errors in the calculation form

3 have been corrected;

Annex E, E.3:— the errors in the formulae and in the calculated example in Clause E.3 have been

corrected.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3548 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without
flange — Part 3: Measurement of peripheral length
1 Scope

This document specifies, according to ISO 12301, the checking of the peripheral length of thin-walled half

bearings with or without flange, and describes the necessary checking methods and measuring

equipment.

Thin-walled half bearings are flexible and, in the free condition, do not conform to a cylindrical profile.

This is one reason the peripheral length of the half bearings can only be measured under a constraining

load by use of specialized measuring equipment.

In addition, measuring equipment different from that illustrated in this document can be used, provided

the measuring accuracy of the equipment is consistent with the specifications given in Clause 17.

This document does not include the measurement of the parting line taper.

This document applies to thin-walled half bearings, the specifications of which are given in ISO 3548-1.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3548-1, Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without flange — — Part 1: Tolerances,

design features and methods of test

ISO 12301, Plain bearings — Quality control techniques and inspection of geometrical and material quality

characteristics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
peripheral length
circumferential length which runs from one parting line face to the other
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
3.2
crush height

value by which a half bearing, fitted in a checking block of bore diameter, dcb, under a pre-determined

checking load, F, exceeds the defined peripheral length (3.1) of the checking block bore

Note 1 to entry: In practice, the datum serves as a basis for measuring a (see Figure 1).

The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.

Note 2 to entry: The symbol for crush height “(nip)” is no longer used and has been replaced with “a”.

Figure 1 — Crush height, a
3.3
repeatability

closeness of agreement between successive results obtained with the same method on the same test

piece, under the same conditions as described in Table 14

Note 1 to entry: Repeatability is assessed from the standard deviation of repeatability σΔ (see Annex E).

3.4
reproducibility

closeness of agreement between individual results obtained with the same method on the same test piece

but under different conditions (same or different operator, same, identical or different measurement

equipment, same or different checking place and different times)
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, reproducibility is the difference between the two averages

obtained from two sets of measuring equipment (see Annex E).
3.5
comparability

accuracy in the case of operators working in different checking places at different periods and each of

them achieving individual results, one using method A and the other using method B, on the same plain

bearing test piece in different checking blocks

Note 1 to entry: Comparability is assessed from the difference between the two averages obtained from the two

methods (see Annex E).
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols of Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Parameter Unit
a Crush height µm
B Width of the half bearing without flange mm
B1 Checking block width of the construction for flanged half bearings mm
B Checking block width (bottom width of checking lock) mm
B Checking block width of the construction for half bearings without flange mm
d Diameter mm
D Outside diameter mm
E Elasticity modulus MPa
f Friction coefficient in calculation of deflection under load -—
F Checking load (Method A) N
F Checking load, side 1 (Method B) N
F Checking load, side 2 (Method B) N
F Correction factor mm
cor
h Fillet radius between back and flange on flanged half bearing mm
Hcb Distance from the bottom of the checking block bore to the datum face mm
ΔH Elastic deformation of the height of the checking block under load mm
K Checking block chamfer of the construction for half bearings without flange mm
K2 Checking block chamfer of the construction for flanged half bearings mm
l Peripheral length mm
Δl Deviation of the actual peripheral length of the checking block mm
p Elastic depression of the metering bar mm
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Ra Surface roughness µm
s Wall thickness mm
t Tolerance value of several features (F, i = 1 to 9) mm
tbms Tolerance of Bms mm
t Tolerance of d mm
dcbm cbm
t Tolerance of d mm
dcbs cbs
tHcbm Tolerance of Hcbm mm
t Tolerance of H mm
Hcbs cbs
t Tolerance of s mm
sms ms
U Uncertainty of measurement µm
W Width of the metering bar contact area mm
Measured value of bearing no. i out of bearing set no.number 1 µm
x Measured value of bearing no. i out of bearing set no.number 2 µm
x Arithmetic mean value of measured bearings out of bearing set no.number 1 µm
Arithmetic mean value of measured bearings out of bearing set no.number 2 µm
x Arithmetic mean value of set of bearings measured according to method A µm
x Arithmetic mean value of set of bearings measured according to method B µm
* µm
Arithmetic mean value x corrected with empirical correction factor δ
x A
* µm
Arithmetic mean value x corrected with empirical correction factor δ
x B
z Distance between flanges of the flanged half bearing mm

Empirical correction to compensate for the difference in elastic deflections under

δ mm
load between method A and method B
δ Correction, approximated by calculation mm
σ Standard deviation —
The characteristic subscripts are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Subscripts
Subscript Description
A measurement method A
B measurement method B
B1 position 1 of measurement method B
B2 position 2 of measurement method B
bs bearing to be checked
cb checking block
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
cbm master checking block
cbs series checking block
cs comparison shell
M measured
max maximum
mean arithmetic mean
min minimum
ms master shell
new origin, beginning of use
th theoretical
tot total
worn wear limit, end of use
1,2 consecutive number

NOTE The following notation for multi-subscripts is used: literal subscripts are separated

by a blank, however, additionally needed numbers are directly connected to the subscript.

5 Purpose of checking

In order to ensure the required mounting compression (interference fit) for the half bearings in the

housing bore, the crush height tolerances shall be kept as specified in ISO 3548-1 and ISO 12301.

6 Measurement methods
6.1 Method A

The checking load, F, is directly applied via the measuring head with a pivoting metering bar to one

parting line face of the half bearing while the other parting line face is in contact with a fixed stop (see

Figure 2).
The measured crush height according to method A:
(1)
NOTE nip is the former used (deprecated) term for crush heightindicated a .
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.

Key
1 fixed stop
2 dial gauge
3 movable measuring head
4 datum
5 metering bar
6 checking block
Figure 2 — Measuring principle of method A
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
6.2 Method B

The checking loads, F and F , are applied via the measuring head and two metering bars to both parting

1 2
line faces of the half bearing (see Figure 3).

The crush height of method B is the sum of the measurements on the two sides: [as shown in Formula

(2)]:
aa+ a (2)
BB12B

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Key
1 dial gauge
2 datum
3 rigid metering bar bar
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
4 checking block
5 pivoting toe piece
NOTE Bearings can also be checked using two pivoting metering bars.
Deleted Cells
Figure 3 — Measuring principle of method B

NOTE In the case of method A, the fixed stop exerts the required counterforce, which, in the case of method B, is

applied directly by the measuring equipment via two metering bars.
EXAMPLE
Method A F = 6 000 N
Method B F = 6 000 N
F = 6 000 N
7 Choice and designation of checking method
7.1 Choice of checking method

Recommendations for choosing either method A or method B, based on dimensions of the half bearings

to be checked, are given in Table 3.

However, any size of bearing can be tested by either method by agreement between the manufacturer

and user. In that case, a correction, δ, should be applied to compensate for the difference in deflections at

parting line face(s) under load between method A and method B, and be such that:should be implemented

as shown in Formula (3):
(3)
aa= + a+δ= a+δ
AB12B B

The value of δ shall be determined empirically by actual measurements obtained on the two different

types of equipment used. Since the detailed design of the checking feature shall be varied between

different manufacturers, the value of δ established by one manufacturer cannot be transferred to another,

who shall determine it separately. See example in Annex E.

For general guidance, the value of δ can be derived from the formula (Euler-Eytelwein) used in the

mathematical analysis of belt friction, which gives: Formula (4):
dF⋅
cbM −−fππf /2
δ ⋅ 1+−ee2 (4)
( )
s ⋅ B 2Ef
ms ms
With a value of the friction coefficient f = 0,15, Formula (4) becomes:
Formula (5)):
dF⋅
cbM
δ =7⋅⋅10 (5)
f=0,15
sB⋅
ms ms
Table 3 — Selection of checking method
8 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Recommended checking method
Dbs
D ≤ 200 A, B
200 < Dbs ≤ 500 B
7.2 Designation of checking method

An example of the designation of method B for checking thin-walled half bearings with an outside

diameter, D of 340 mm is as follows:
Method ISO 3548-3-B-340
8 Measuring equipment

Figures 4 and 5 show typical measuring equipment for the measurement of the crush height by method A

and by method B, respectively.

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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 9
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Key
1 checking block 6 pressure cylinder
Inserted Cells
2 pivoting metering bar 7 movable measuring head
Inserted Cells
3 pressure adjustment valve 8 dial gauge
4 drive motor 9 pressure gauge
5 oil pump
6 pressure cylinder
7 movable measuring head
8 dial gauge
9 pressure gauge
Figure 4 — Typical measuring equipment with one column for method A

NOTE Figures 4 and 5 show hydraulically operated equipment. Pneumatically or mechanically operated

equipment can also be used.
10 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 11
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Key
1 rigid metering bar 5 hydraulic ram
Inserted Cells
2 dial gauge 6 pivoting toe piece
Inserted Cells
3 movable measuring gauge 7 dial gauge
4 pressure gauge 8 checking block
5 hydraulic ram
6 pivoting toe piece
7 dial gauge
8 checking block

NOTE The bearings can also be checked using two pivoting metering bars for the rigid metering bar.

Figure 5 — Typical measuring equipment with two columns, for method B
9 Measuring equipment requirements
9.1 General

The most important factors affecting the accuracy of the measuring equipment (and hence the measured

crush height) are given in the following subclauses.
9.2 Tolerance on checking load setting
The permissible tolerances are given in Table 4.
12 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Table 4 — Tolerance ranges for checking loads
Tolerance on F
F t
N %
F ≤ 2 000 ±1,25
2 000 < F ≤ 5 000 ±1,00
5 000 < F ≤ 10 000 ±0,75
10 000 < F ≤ 50 000 ±0,50
50 000 < F ±0,25
9.3 Speed of approach of measuring head

The checking load, F, shall be applied to the parting line face(s) of the half bearing so that shock load shall

not occur. The speed of approach shall be consistent.
NOTE A guideline for speed of approach is (10 ± 2) mm/s.

For devices in which the speed of approach cannot be altered, the load shall be applied, released and

applied a second time before the measurement is made.
9.4 Construction of measuring head

The measuring head shall be so designed and manufactured that it is accurately guided and moves normal

to the datum of the checking block. The deviation from parallelism between the metering bar (5(s) in the

measuring head and the supporting plane of the checking block shall not exceed 0,04 mm per 100 mm in

in direction of parting line.
9.5 Accuracy of the measuring plane for metering bars

Specifications on the accuracy of the measuring plane of the metering bars are given in Table 5.

Table 5 — Tolerances of the measuring plane for metering bars
Surface roughness Tolerance on flatness
D Ra t
bs 3
D Ra t
bs 3
mm µm mm
D ≤ 160 0,2 0,001 5
160 < D ≤ 340 0,003 0
0,4
340 < D ≤ 500 0,004 0
9.6 Accuracy of the dial gauge
Uncertainty of measurement u ≤ |1,2| µm (±2σ) with σ = 0,3 µm.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 13
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
10 Gauging tools for establishing the datum
10.1 General
The following equipment can be used for carrying out measurements:
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 3548-3
ISO/TC 123/SC 5
Plain bearings — Thin-walled half
Secretariat: DIN
bearings with or without flange —
Voting begins on:
2022-10-31
Part 3:
Voting terminates on:
Determination of peripheral length
2022-12-26
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 3548-3
ISO/TC 123/SC 5
Plain bearings — Thin-walled half
Secretariat: DIN
bearings with or without flange —
Voting begins on:
Part 3:
Voting terminates on:
Determination of peripheral length
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
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Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Symbols .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Purpose of checking .........................................................................................................................................................................................4

6 Measurement methods .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

6.1 Method A ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2 Method B ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

7 Choice and designation of checking method .......................................................................................................................... 6

7.1 Choice of checking method .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

7.2 Designation of checking method ............................................................................................................................................ 7

8 Measuring equipment .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

9 Measuring equipment requirements .............................................................................................................................................9

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.2 Tolerance on checking load setting ...................................................................................................................................... 9

9.3 Speed of approach of measuring head ............................................................................................................................ 10

9.4 Construction of measuring head ......................................................................................................................................... 10

9.5 Accuracy of the measuring plane for metering bars ......................................................................................... 10

9.6 Accuracy of the dial gauge ......... .................................................................................................................................. .............. 10

10 Gauging tools for establishing the datum ..............................................................................................................................10

10.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

10.2 Master checking block (used alone) .................................................................................................................................. 11

10.3 Series checking block used alone ........................................................................................................................................ 11

10.4 Series checking block with master shell ....................................................................................................................... 11

11 Checking block requirements .............................................................................................................................................................11

11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11

11.2 Reference tooling: Master checking block — General ......................................................................................12

11.2.1 Reference tooling — Master checking block ..........................................................................................12

11.2.2 Manufacturing limits — General ......................................................................................................................12

11.2.3 Measuring accuracy of equipment used for establishing d and H .............13

cbm,M cbm,M

11.2.4 Permissible wear limit ............................................................................................................................................... 14

11.3 Series gauging tools ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14

11.3.1 Series checking block used alone ................................... ................................................................................... 14

11.3.2 Manufacturing limits, correction factor and permissible wear limit .............................. 14

11.3.3 Series checking block with master shell or with comparison shell ................................... 16

12 Master shell and comparison shell requirements ........................................................................................................16

12.1 Master shell requirements ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

12.1.1 Manufacturing limits ................................................................................................................................................... 17

12.1.2 Correction factor, F ........................................................................................................................................... 18

cor ms

12.1.3 Permissible wear limit ............................................................................................................................................... 18

12.2 Comparison shell requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 18

13 Correction factors ............................................................................................................................................................................................19

13.1 Reference tooling: Master checking block correction factor, F ................................................. 19

cor cbm

13.2 Series control tooling ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19

13.2.1 Correction factor for series checking block used alone, F ............................................ 19

cor cbs

13.2.2 Correction factor for series checking block with master shell .............................................. 19

13.2.3 Master shell correction factor, F ........................................................................................................... 19

cor ms

13.2.4 Comparison shell correction factor, F ............................................................................................... 20

cor cs
iii
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

13.3 Marking ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

13.4 Reference setting ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20

14 Typical checking procedure..................................................................................................................................................................20

15 Conditions of the half bearings to be checked ..................................................................................................................21

16 Measuring errors .............................................................................................................................................................................................21

16.1 Errors due to measuring equipment ................................................................................................................................ 21

16.2 Errors due to the checking block ......................................................................................................................................... 21

16.3 Errors due to the correction factor ................................................................................................................................... 22

16.4 Errors due to the half bearing ...............................................................................................................................................22

16.5 Error due to the choice of checking method ............................................................................................................. 22

17 Accuracy of methods used ......................................................................................................................................................................22

17.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................22

17.2 Checking conditions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 22

17.3 Limits ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

17.4 Calculation ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

18 Specifications on bearing drawings .............................................................................................................................................22

19 Specifications for the control of the checking means ................................................................................................23

Annex A (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master checking

block — Method A ............................................................................................................................................................................................24

Annex B (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master checking

block — Method B ............................................................................................................................................................................................29

Annex C (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the series checking block

used alone ................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

Annex D (normative) Determination of the correction factor of the master shell or

comparison shell ...............................................................................................................................................................................................35

Annex E (normative) Tests and calculation of repeatability, reproducibility and

comparability .......................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain Bearings, Subcommittee SC 5,

Quality analysis and assurance.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3548-3:2012), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:

— the errors in the calculation form in Annex A, Figure A.1 and Figure A.4 have been corrected;

— the errors in the calculation form in Annex B, Figure B.1 and Figure B.3 have been corrected;

— the errors in the formulae and in the calculated example in Clause E.3 have been corrected.

A list of all parts in the ISO 3548 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or
without flange —
Part 3:
Determination of peripheral length
1 Scope

This document specifies, according to ISO 12301, the checking of the peripheral length of thin-walled

half bearings with or without flange, and describes the necessary checking methods and measuring

equipment.

Thin-walled half bearings are flexible and, in the free condition, do not conform to a cylindrical profile.

This is one reason the peripheral length of the half bearings can only be measured under a constraining

load by use of specialized measuring equipment.

In addition, measuring equipment different from that illustrated in this document can be used, provided

the measuring accuracy of the equipment is consistent with the specifications given in Clause 17.

This document does not include the measurement of the parting line taper.

This document applies to thin-walled half bearings, the specifications of which are given in ISO 3548-1.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3548-1, Plain bearings — Thin-walled half bearings with or without flange — Part 1: Tolerances, design

features and methods of test

ISO 12301, Plain bearings — Quality control techniques and inspection of geometrical and material quality

characteristics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
peripheral length
circumferential length which runs from one parting line face to the other
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
3.2
crush height

value by which a half bearing, fitted in a checking block of bore diameter, d , under a pre-determined

checking load, F, exceeds the defined peripheral length (3.1) of the checking block bore

Note 1 to entry: In practice, the datum serves as a basis for measuring a (see Figure 1).

Note 2 to entry: The symbol for crush height “(nip)” is no longer used and has been replaced with “a”.

Figure 1 — Crush height, a
3.3
repeatability

closeness of agreement between successive results obtained with the same method on the same test

piece, under the same conditions

Note 1 to entry: Repeatability is assessed from the standard deviation of repeatability σ (see Annex E).

3.4
reproducibility

closeness of agreement between individual results obtained with the same method on the same

test piece but under different conditions (same or different operator, same, identical or different

measurement equipment, same or different checking place and different times)

Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, reproducibility is the difference between the two averages

obtained from two sets of measuring equipment (see Annex E).
3.5
comparability

accuracy in the case of operators working in different checking places at different periods and each of

them achieving individual results, one using method A and the other using method B, on the same plain

bearing test piece in different checking blocks

Note 1 to entry: Comparability is assessed from the difference between the two averages obtained from the two

methods (see Annex E).
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols of Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Parameter Unit
a Crush height µm
B Width of the half bearing without flange mm
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Symbol Parameter Unit
B Checking block width of the construction for flanged half bearings mm
B Checking block width (bottom width of checking lock) mm
B Checking block width of the construction for half bearings without flange mm
d Diameter mm
D Outside diameter mm
E Elasticity modulus MPa
f Friction coefficient in calculation of deflection under load —
F Checking load (Method A) N
F Checking load, side 1 (Method B) N
F Checking load, side 2 (Method B) N
F Correction factor mm
cor
h Fillet radius between back and flange on flanged half bearing mm
H Distance from the bottom of the checking block bore to the datum face mm
ΔH Elastic deformation of the height of the checking block under load mm
K Checking block chamfer of the construction for half bearings without flange mm
K Checking block chamfer of the construction for flanged half bearings mm
l Peripheral length mm
Δl Deviation of the actual peripheral length of the checking block mm
p Elastic depression of the metering bar mm
Ra Surface roughness µm
s Wall thickness mm
t Tolerance value of several features (F, i = 1 to 9) mm
t Tolerance of B mm
bms ms
t Tolerance of d mm
dcbm cbm
t Tolerance of d mm
dcbs cbs
t Tolerance of H mm
Hcbm cbm
t Tolerance of H mm
Hcbs cbs
t Tolerance of s mm
sms ms
U Uncertainty of measurement µm
W Width of the metering bar contact area mm
x Measured value of bearing no. i out of bearing set number 1 µm
Measured value of bearing no. i out of bearing set number 2 µm
x Arithmetic mean value of measured bearings out of bearing set number 1 µm
Arithmetic mean value of measured bearings out of bearing set number 2 µm
x Arithmetic mean value of set of bearings measured according to method A µm
Arithmetic mean value of set of bearings measured according to method B µm
Arithmetic mean value x corrected with empirical correction factor δ µm
x A
Arithmetic mean value x corrected with empirical correction factor δ
z Distance between flanges of the flanged half bearing mm
Empirical correction to compensate for the difference in elastic deflections
δ mm
under load between method A and method B
δ Correction, approximated by calculation mm
σ Standard deviation —
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
The characteristic subscripts are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Subscripts
Subscript Description
A measurement method A
B measurement method B
B1 position 1 of measurement method B
B2 position 2 of measurement method B
bs bearing to be checked
cb checking block
cbm master checking block
cbs series checking block
cs comparison shell
M measured
max maximum
mean arithmetic mean
min minimum
ms master shell
new origin, beginning of use
th theoretical
tot total
worn wear limit, end of use
1,2 consecutive number
NOTE The following notation for multi-subscripts is used: literal subscripts are

separated by a blank, however, additionally needed numbers are directly connected to the

subscript.
5 Purpose of checking

In order to ensure the required mounting compression (interference fit) for the half bearings in the

housing bore, the crush height tolerances shall be kept as specified in ISO 3548-1 and ISO 12301.

6 Measurement methods
6.1 Method A

The checking load, F, is directly applied via the measuring head with a pivoting metering bar to one

parting line face of the half bearing while the other parting line face is in contact with a fixed stop (see

Figure 2).
The measured crush height according to method A is indicated a .
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Key
1 fixed stop
2 dial gauge
3 movable measuring head
4 datum
5 metering bar
6 checking block
Figure 2 — Measuring principle of method A
6.2 Method B

The checking loads, F and F , are applied via the measuring head and two metering bars to both parting

1 2
line faces of the half bearing (see Figure 3).

The crush height of method B is the sum of the measurements on the two sides [as shown in Formula (2)]:

aa=+a (2)
BB12B
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Key
1 dial gauge
2 datum
3 rigid metering bar
4 checking block
5 pivoting toe piece
NOTE Bearings can also be checked using two pivoting metering bars.
Figure 3 — Measuring principle of method B

NOTE In the case of method A, the fixed stop exerts the required counterforce, which, in the case of method B,

is applied directly by the measuring equipment via two metering bars.
EXAMPLE
Method A F = 6 000 N
Method B F = 6 000 N
F = 6 000 N
7 Choice and designation of checking method
7.1 Choice of checking method

Recommendations for choosing either method A or method B, based on dimensions of the half bearings

to be checked, are given in Table 3.

However, any size of bearing can be tested by either method by agreement between the manufacturer

and user. In that case, a correction, δ, should be applied to compensate for the difference in deflections

at parting line face(s) under load between method A and method B, and should be implemented as

shown in Formula (3):
aa=+aa+=δδ+ (3)
AB12BB

The value of δ shall be determined empirically by actual measurements obtained on the two different

types of equipment used. Since the detailed design of the checking feature shall be varied between

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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)

different manufacturers, the value of δ established by one manufacturer cannot be transferred to

another, who shall determine it separately. See example in Annex E.

For general guidance, the value of δ can be derived from the formula (Euler-Eytelwein) used in the

mathematical analysis of belt friction, which gives Formula (4):
dF⋅
cbM −−ffππ/2
δ = ⋅+12ee− (4)
sB⋅ 2Ef
ms ms

With a value of the friction coefficient f = 0,15, Formula (4) becomes Formula (5):

dF⋅
−7 cbM
δ =⋅710 ⋅ (5)
f =01, 5
sB⋅
ms ms
Table 3 — Selection of checking method
Recommended checking method
D ≤ 200 A, B
200 < D ≤ 500 B
7.2 Designation of checking method

An example of the designation of method B for checking thin-walled half bearings with an outside

diameter, D of 340 mm is as follows:
Method ISO 3548-3-B-340
8 Measuring equipment

Figures 4 and 5 show typical measuring equipment for the measurement of the crush height by

method A and by method B, respectively.
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ISO/FDIS 3548-3:2022(E)
Key
1 checking block 6 pressure cylinder
2 pivoting metering bar 7 movable measuring head
3 pr
...