ISO/DIS 17584

Refrigerant properties

Propriétés des fluides frigorigènes

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17584
ISO/TC 86/SC 8 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-03-31 2021-06-23
Refrigerant properties
Propriétés des fluides frigorigènes
ICS: 71.100.45
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Calculation of refrigerant properties .............................................................................................................................................. 2

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.2 Pure-fluid equations of state ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.3 Mixture equation of state ............................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.4 Implementation ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.5 Alternative implementation ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.6 Certification of conformance ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

5 Specifications for individual refrigerants .................................................................................................................................. 7

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 R744 — Carbon dioxide .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

5.2.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................... 9

5.2.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3 R717 — Ammonia .............................................................................................................................................................................10

5.3.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................10

5.3.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part [Equations (3) to (5)] ......................10

5.3.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part [Equation (2)] ...........................................11

5.3.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................11

5.3.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................11

5.4 R12 — Dichlorodifluoromethane ........................................................................................................................................14

5.4.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................14

5.4.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................15

5.4.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................15

5.5 R22 — Chlorodifluoromethane .............................................................................................................................................18

5.5.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................18

5.5.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................19

5.5.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................19

5.6 R32 — Difluoromethane .............................................................................................................................................................22

5.6.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................22

5.6.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................23

5.6.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................23

5.7 R123 — 2,2−dichloro−1,1,1−trifluoroethane ...........................................................................................................26

5.7.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................26

5.7.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................27

5.7.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................27

5.8 R125 — Pentafluoroethane ......................................................................................................................................................30

5.8.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................30

5.8.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................31

5.8.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................31

5.9 R134a — 1,1,1,2−tetrafluoroethane .................................................................................................................................33

5.9.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................33

5.9.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................34

5.9.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................34

5.10 R143a — 1,1,1−trifluoroethane ............................................................................................................................................37

5.10.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................37

5.10.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................37

5.10.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................37

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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)

5.11 R152a — 1,1−difluoroethane ..................................................................................................................................................40

5.11.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................40

5.11.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................41

5.11.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................41

5.12 R404A — R125/143a/134a (44/52/4).........................................................................................................................44

5.12.1 Composition of R404A .............................................................................................................................................44

5.12.2 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................44

5.12.3 Interaction parameters (Equations 19 and 20) .................................................................................44

5.12.4 Coefficients and exponents of the excess functions (Equation 21) ...................................44

5.12.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................44

5.13 R407C — R32/125/134a (23/25/52) ............................................................................................................................47

5.13.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................47

5.13.2 Interaction parameters (Equations 19 and 20) .................................................................................47

5.13.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................47

5.14 R410A — R32/125 (50/50) .....................................................................................................................................................50

5.14.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................50

5.14.2 Interaction parameters (Equations 9 and 20) .....................................................................................50

5.14.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................51

5.15 R507A — R125/143a (50/50) ..............................................................................................................................................53

5.15.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................53

5.15.2 Interaction parameters [Equations (19) and (20)] .........................................................................53

5.15.3 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................54

5.16 R290 — Propane ................................................................................................................................................................................56

5.16.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................56

5.16.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................56

5.16.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................56

5.16.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................57

5.16.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................57

5.17 R600a – Isobutane ............................................................................................................................................................................60

5.17.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................60

5.17.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................60

5.17.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................61

5.17.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................61

5.17.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................61

5.18 R1336mzz(Z) – (cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene) .............................................................................................65

5.18.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................65

5.18.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................65

5.18.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................65

5.18.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................65

5.18.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................66

5.19 R1234ze(E) — trans−1,3,3,3−tetrafluoropropene ...............................................................................................68

5.19.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................68

5.19.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................68

5.19.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................68

5.19.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................69

5.19.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................69

5.20 R1234yf — 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene ..........................................................................................................................71

5.20.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................71

5.20.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................72

5.20.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................72

5.20.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................72

5.20.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................72

5.21 R1233zd(E) — trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene ....................................................................................75

5.21.1 Range of validity ............................................................................................................................................................75

5.21.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Equations 3 to 5) ...............................75

5.21.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Equation 2) ...............................................75

5.21.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant ...................................................................76

5.21.5 Reference state parameters .................................................................................................................................76

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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
Annex A (normative) Requirements for implementations claiming conformance with

this International Standard ....................................................................................................................................................................79

Annex B (informative) Calculation of pure-fluid thermodynamic properties from

an equation of state ........................................................................................................................................................................................81

Annex C (informative) Calculation of mixture thermodynamic properties from an equation

of state ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................84

Annex D (informative) Literature citations for equations of state and verification values .....................86

Annex E (informative) Variation of mixture properties due to composition tolerance ...............................94

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................96

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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning,

Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17584:2005), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— Addition of new refrigerants (R290, R600a, R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf, R1234ze(E));

— Update of Ammonia.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17584 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)
Introduction

This document, prepared by ISO/TC 86/SC 8/WG 7, is consistent with and is intended to complement

ISO 817. The purpose of this International Standard is to address the differing performance ratings

due to the differences between multiple property formulations, which is a problem especially in

international trade. The fluids and properties included in this International Standard represent

those for which sufficient high-quality data were available. While the working group recognizes the

desirability of including additional fluids and including the transport properties of viscosity and

thermal conductivity, the data and models for these were judged insufficient at this time to be worthy of

designation as an International Standard. Therefore, the working group decided to prepare the present

International Standard, incomplete though it might be, in a timely fashion rather than delay it awaiting

additional data. The working group is continuing its efforts to add additional fluids and additional

properties to this International Standard. It is anticipated that this International Standard will undergo

regular reviews and revisions.

For applications such as performance rating of refrigeration equipment, having all parties adopt

a consistent set of properties is more important than absolute accuracy. But consensus is easiest to

achieve when high-quality property data are available.

With this in mind, the Working Group has taken as its starting point the results of Annex 18

Thermophysical Properties of the Environmentally Acceptable Refrigerants of the Heat Pump

Programme of the International Energy Agency (McLinden and Watanabe [7]). Annex 18 reports the

comprehensive evaluations of the available equations of state and recommended formulations for

R123, R134a, R32, R125, and R143a. Wide participation was invited in this process, and anyone could

submit an equation of state for evaluation. The formulations for R123, R134a, R32, and R143a adopted

in this International Standard are the same as those recommend by Annex 18. (The recent equation of

state for R125 adopted in this International Standard was shown to be more accurate than the older

formulation recommended by Annex 18.)

A similar comparison of mixture models reported by Annex 18 facilitated the dissemination and

adoption of a new mixture modelling approach. This model is based on Helmholtz energies for each

of the mixture components, and it is the approach used in the NIST REFPROP refrigerant property

database (Lemmon et al. [5]) and in the extensive tabulation of properties published by the Japan Society

of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (Tillner-Roth et al. [12]). The Lemmon and Jacobsen [2]

model (implemented in the REFPROP database) is simpler than the Tillner-Roth et al. [12] model in that

it avoids the ternary interactions terms required in the Tillner-Roth model, with practically the same

representations of the experimental data. For these reasons, as well as the widespread use of REFPROP,

the Lemmon and Jacobsen model was adopted as the basis for the mixture properties specified in this

International Standard.

The one significant disadvantage of the formulations adopted here is their complexity. In recognition

of this, this International Standard allows for “alternative implementations” for the properties. These

can take the form of simpler equations of state that may be applicable over limited ranges of conditions

or simple correlations of single properties (e.g., expressions for vapour pressure or the enthalpy of

the saturated vapour). This International Standard does not restrict the form of such alternative

implementations, but it does impose requirements, in the form of allowable tolerances (deviations from

the standard values), given in Annex A, which alternative implementations shall satisfy.

The question of allowable tolerances for alternative implementations generated the most controversy

among the working group. In the working group discussions, some felt that the tolerances should be

fairly large to encompass as many formulations in common use as possible. But others argued that this

would defeat the very purpose of this International Standard, which was to harmonize the property

values used across the industry. The concept of alternative implementations with their allowable

tolerances was not intended to sanction the continued use of “incorrect” data but, rather, to provide for

fast, application-specific equations that would be fitted to the properties specified in this International

Standard. In the end, fairly strict tolerances were selected. The experiences and recommendations of

the European Association of Compressor Manufacturers (ASERCOM) carried significant weight. They

had experience with simplified property equations that were fitted to, and closely matched, several of

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ISO/DIS 17584:2021(E)

the same equations of state recommended in this International Standard. They recommended strict

tolerances.

These tolerances do not necessarily represent the uncertainty of the original experimental data or of

the equation of state in fitting the data. The allowable tolerances specified in Annex A were selected

to result in “reasonable” differences in quantities derived from these properties, for example, a cycle

efficiency or compressor rating. For example, the tolerances specified in Annex A result in an overall

variation of approximately 2,5 % in the efficiency of an ideal refrigeration cycle operating between

an evaporator temperature of −15 °C and a condenser temperature of 30 °C. By comparison, ISO 817

specifies that the primary energy balance for compressor tests agree with flow data within 4 %.

The tolerances are relative (i.e. plus or minus a percentage) for some properties and

...