ISO 11336-2:2020
(Main)Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and watertightness of glazed openings — Part 2: Glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure (elastically bonded to bulkhead or shell) design criteria, structural support, installation and testing
Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and watertightness of glazed openings — Part 2: Glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure (elastically bonded to bulkhead or shell) design criteria, structural support, installation and testing
This document specifies technical requirements for direct adhesive bonding of glazing materials into recesses forming part of the structure of the ship and into frames that are fastened to the structure of the ship. It is applicable to large yachts as defined in ISO 11336-1. This document is limited to the bonding of independent glazed openings, where the bonded joint is designed to withstand local loads (from external loads coming from weather and sea conditions, internal impact loads from accidental passenger or cargo shifting, wind suction and accelerations due to ship motions). Bonding of glazed openings where the glazing material is subjected to loads from global ship motions (bending, shear force and torsion), which are considered as structural glazed openings, are outside the scope of this document. Quantitative identification of the global deflection is also outside the scope. Additionally, this document is limited to bonding that exhibits elastic behaviour, and excludes rigid bonding and nonlinear elastic bonding. The design of the bonding for the following installation types is outside the scope of this document: — fire protected areas; — glazed bulwarks; — underwater glazing; — pool glazing; — glazing for use in polar areas; — unstepped IGUs.
Grands yachts — Résistance, imperméabilité au mauvais temps et étanchéité des ouvertures vitrées — Partie 2: Critères de conception, support structurel, installation et essais des ouvertures vitrées faisant partie intégrale de la structure adjacente (directement collées sur la cloison ou le bordé)
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11336-2
First edition
2020-08
Large yachts — Strength,
weathertightness and watertightness
of glazed openings —
Part 2:
Glazed opening integrated into
adjacent structure (elastically
bonded to bulkhead or shell)
design criteria, structural support,
installation and testing
Grands yachts — Résistance, imperméabilité au mauvais temps et
étanchéité des ouvertures vitrées —
Partie 2: Critères de conception, support structurel, installation et
essais des ouvertures vitrées faisant partie intégrale de la structure
adjacente (directement collées sur la cloison ou le bordé)
Reference number
ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols .10
5 Bonding materials .11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Physical characteristics .11
5.2.1 Flexural modulus .11
5.2.2 Elongation .11
5.2.3 Shear modulus .11
5.2.4 Tensile strength .11
5.2.5 Shore hardness .12
5.2.6 Environmental resistance .12
5.2.7 Long term properties .12
5.2.8 Preparation of bonding surfaces .12
5.2.9 Glazing material .12
5.3 Minimum material properties .12
6 Bonding arrangement .12
6.1 Glazing .12
6.2 General .13
6.3 Sloped and overhead glazed openings — Bonding in tension .15
6.4 Insulated glazed units (IGUs) .15
6.5 Bonding limitations .16
7 Bonded joint design .16
7.1 General .17
7.1.1 Overview .17
7.1.2 LC1 — Static permanent load only applicable to unsupported system .19
7.1.3 LC2 — Dynamic load .19
7.1.4 LC3 — Fatigue load .20
7.1.5 LC4 — Dynamic load (accounting for accidental internal loads) .20
7.1.6 Bondline parameters limitations .21
7.2 Design loads .21
7.3 Design parameters .22
8 Bonding installation .23
8.1 Bonding application guidelines .23
8.2 Bonding installation procedures .24
9 Qualification of bonding personnel .24
10 Survey of bonding .24
11 Testing .24
11.1 Testing of materials .24
11.2 Proof testing of bonded joint .25
Annex A (informative) Worked example for bondline calculation .26
Annex B (informative) Calculation method for bondline parameters with superimposed
additional mechanical deflection and different design temperatures of glazing and
substrate .30
Annex C (informative) Example bonding procedures .34
Annex D (informative) Special application glazing — Guidance .35
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Bibliography .36
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 12, Large yachts.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11336 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and
watertightness of glazed openings —
Part 2:
Glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure
(elastically bonded to bulkhead or shell) design criteria,
structural support, installation and testing
1 Scope
This document specifies technical requirements for direct adhesive bonding of glazing materials into
recesses forming part of the structure of the ship and into frames that are fastened to the structure of
the ship.
It is applicable to large yachts as defined in ISO 11336-1.
This document is limited to the bonding of independent glazed openings, where the bonded joint is
designed to withstand local loads (from external loads coming from weather and sea conditions,
internal impact loads from accidental passenger or cargo shifting, wind suction and accelerations due
to ship motions).
Bonding of glazed openings where the glazing material is subjected to loads from global ship motions
(bending, shear force and torsion), which are considered as structural glazed openings, are outside the
scope of this document. Quantitative identification of the global deflection is also outside the scope.
Additionally, this document is limited to bonding that exhibits elastic behaviour, and excludes rigid
bonding and nonlinear elastic bonding.
The design of the bonding for the following installation types is outside the scope of this document:
— fire protected areas;
— glazed bulwarks;
— underwater glazing;
— pool glazing;
— glazing for use in polar areas;
— unstepped IGUs.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 48-5, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation
hardness by IRHD pocket meter method
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 8339, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of tensile properties (Extension to break)
ISO 11003-1, Adhesives — Determination of shear behaviour of structural adhesives — Part 1: Torsion test
method using butt-bonded hollow cylinders
ISO 11003-2, Adhesives — Determination of shear behaviour of structural adhesives — Part 2: Tensile test
method using thick adherends
ISO 11336-1:2012Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and watertightness of glazed openings —
Part 1: Design criteria, materials, framing and testing of independent glazed openings
DIN 53504, Testing of rubber — Determination of tensile strength at break, tensile stress at yield, elongation
at break and stress values in a tensile test
DIN 6701-3:2015, Adhesive bonding of railway vehicles and parts. Part 3 Guideline for construction design
and verification of bonds on railway vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bonding material
adhesive material that is used to adhere or bond items together
3.2
bonding process
process to join two materials with an adhesive
3.3
bonded joint
joint between the glazing (3.6) and substrate, consisting of a bonding material (3.1) and a sealing
material (3.4) if required
3.4
sealing material
material used to cover and protect (where necessary) the bonding material (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The sealing itself is not considered to be part of the adhesive bond.
Note 2 to entry: The following items can have a negative effect on bonding materials:
— UV Light,
— seawater,
— chemicals (from cleaning compounds and or biological degradation).
Unless the bonding is specifically designed to be resistant to the above items, it must be protected by a seal
or sealing material (3.4). The sealing material (if present) combines with the bonding to form a weather or
watertight seal.
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
3.5
elastic bonding
bonding where the bonded joints (3.3) are capable of transferring forces and distributing stresses
evenly and show a high degree of flexibility (ability to return to its original shape after deformation)
Note 1 to entry: Its purpose is to hold the glazing (3.6) in place, and to maintain its attachment to the structure
(transmitting loads from the glazing to the ships structure). Additionally, it provides the watertight/weathertight
boundary, whilst allowing rotational deflection and expansion/contraction of the glazing and/or the supporting
structure.
3.6
glazing
transparent or translucent pane
3.7
glazed opening
opening in the hull, superstructure or deckhouse of a ship structure fitted with glazing (3.6)
3.8
independent glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the mechanical behaviour of the pane can be considered independent from
adjacent structures
EXAMPLE Framed appliance (3.9).
3.9
framed appliance
independent glazed opening (3.8) where the glass is clamped into a frame structure consisting of a frame
and a mechanical retainer
Note 1 to entry: For a framed appliance, the weight of the glass is mainly kept by the frame and the retainer. A
rubber gasket or an adhesive is used in this construction to prevent the direct contact between glass and frame
and to achieve watertightness or weathertightness.
3.10
appliance
device made of glazing (3.6) and adhesive or frame, used to cover and protect an opening in the hull,
superstructure or deckhouse
3.11
glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure
glazed opening (3.7) where the mechanical behaviour of the pane cannot be considered independent
from adjacent structures
EXAMPLE Pane bonded directly into a frame.
3.12
insulated glazing unit
IGU
glazing (3.6) made of multiple panes, either monolithic or laminated, separated by sealed gaps filled
with gas (air, argon, etc.)
3.13
stepped IGU
IGU (3.12) where one of the panes is fixed to the framing while the other pane is not supported by the
framing structure
Note 1 to entry: The bonding of stepped IGUs can be designed using the approach defined in this document.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
3.14
unstepped IGU
IGU (3.12) where both panes are supported by the framing structure
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
1 stepped IGU
2 unstepped IGU
Figure 1 — Stepped and unstepped IGU glazing
3.15
bonded window
glazed opening (3.7) where the glass is attached to the adjacent structure by an adhesive
Note 1 to entry: For a bonded window, the adhesive holds the weight of the glass and keeps the glass in its position
under load. Bonded windows can be used like a framed window in any position on board of a large yacht.
3.16
substrate
material from which the frame, hull or superstructure is constructed, which can include filler, primer,
and paint systems
EXAMPLE Steel, aluminium, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP), or wood.
3.17
surface preparation
process of treating the surface of a substance in order to increase its adhesion, which includes applying
components such as activators, cleaners and primers
3.18
UV protection
UV light blocking border, applied to the surface or within the laminate of the glazing, designed to
protect the bond from UV light
3.19
spacer
element used to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation and bond cure,
that is removed prior to the application of the sealing
3.20
setting block
element used to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation and bond cure,
left in place throughout the lifetime of the bonding but considered not to take any load
Note 1 to entry: The setting block must be chemically compatible and must have a shore hardness less than the
surrounding bonding and sealing.
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
3.21
resting pad
element designed to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation, bond cure
and during the lifetime of the bonding
Note 1 to entry: A resting pad is left in place throughout the lifetime of the bonding, and must be chemically
compatible. It must have a shore hardness greater than the surrounding bonding and sealing, so as to support the
glass weight throughout the lifetime of the bonding.
3.22
bonding width
distance along the mating faces of the substrate and adhesive, and the adhesive and glazing (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
3.23
bonding thickness
distance between the mating faces of the substrate and the glazing
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
3.24
sealing gap
in case of flush or recessed glazing, distance between the edge of the glazing and substrate and/or
adjacent glazing, measured in the plane of the glazing
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24
Figure 2 — Bonding from outside — Glazing to substrate
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24 (note that for a glass to glass bonding, the seal gap is 2 × C)
Figure 3 — Bonding from outside — Glazing to glazing and substrate
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24
Note For limits of the use of windows bonded from the inside, see ISO 11336-1:2012, 6.2.2.
Figure 4 — Bonding from inside (see Note) — Glazing to substrate
3.25
bonding manufacturer
competent entity that provides the bonding material (3.1) and sealing material (3.4), the technical
documentation and the application guidance for its use by the bonding installer
3.26
bonding installer
company, organisation, or person responsible for the installation of the glazing (3.6), bonding, and sealing
3.27
sloped glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation is such that the plane of the glazing (3.6) of the appliance is
orientated at an angle to vertical
3.28
overhead glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation of the appliance is located where persons on board can be
underneath
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
3.29
walkable glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation of the appliance is located in a position where persons can
walk or stand on the opening during normal operations
3.30
retainer
structural or mechanical device that is fastened to the substrate and that prevents the glazing from
falling out of the recess in the event of failure of the bonding material
3.31
filler
substance used to fill or fair the structure of a yacht prior to painting
3.32
reduction factor
factor used to take into account the effect of the reduced performance of an adhesive when exposed to a
particular load (environmental) situation
Note 1 to entry: See 7.1 and 11.1.
3.33
temperature exposure
temperature range considered for the bonding likely to be experienced during the lifetime of the yacht
3.34
permanent static load
long duration load that does not change in magnitude
EXAMPLE Self weight (3.36).
3.35
dynamic cyclic load
short duration load that varies in cycles
EXAMPLE Wave or wind pressure, accelerations due to ship motions.
3.36
self weight
force exerted by gravity on a body
3.37
aging conditions
long term exposure to environmental conditions that can reduce the performance of a bonding
material (3.1)
EXAMPLE UV, temperature.
3.38
design pressure
pressure acting on the glazing (3.6) due to the independent or combined actions of the wave impact and
head of water
3.39
wind load
pressure or wind suction loads acting on the glazing (3.6) due to the movement of air
3.40
linear thermal expansion
change in linear dimension of a material in response to a change in temperature
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 9
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
3.41
bonding application guidance
guidance information, provided by the bonding manufacturer, for use of the bonding material (3.1) or
materials during installation
3.42
bonding installation procedures
operational procedures, provided by the bonding installer, to detail and control the bonding process
(3.2) during installation
4 Symbols
2
σ Allowable strength, N/mm
A
2
σ Equivalent stress, N/mm
v
2
σ Characteristic strength value at laboratory condition (95 % confidence), N/mm
lab
2
σ Stress along bonding thickness direction (compression or tensile stress), N/mm
f Reduction factor for temperature exposure
redT
f Reduction factor for permanent static load
redS
f Reduction factor for dynamic cyclic load
redD
f Reduction factor for fatigue cyclic load
redF
f Reduction factor for aging conditions
redA
S Material factor
R Ratio compression strength to tensile strength of adhesive
c Maximum allowable adhesive elongation, decimal fraction or percentage
γ Shear strain
2
P Design pressure, kN/m
D
2
P Maximum wind load (dynamic load), kN/m
wind,max
2
P Medium wind load (fatigue load), kN/m
wind,med
T Maximum/minimum design temperature of the window, °C
design
T Temperature of joint application, °C
application
2
a Maximum acceleration due to sea swell, m/s
max
2
a Medium acceleration due to sea swell, m/s
med
α Linear thermal expansion coefficient of glazing material
g
α Linear thermal expansion coefficient of substrate material
s
2
τ Stress perpendicular to glass plane applied at the bonding surface - shear stress, N/mm
2
τ Supported shear stress, N/mm
Supp
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
2
τ Unsupported shear stress, N/mm
Unsupp
β Glazing angle, °
d Bonding thickness, mm
w Bonding width, mm
C Sealing gap, mm
gap
5 Bonding materials
5.1 General
A record of the bonding application guidance (see 8.1) and bonding installation procedures (see 8.2)
shall be provided and kept on board (see ISO 11336-3).
Where no previous information on the installed bonding is available and it is required to install new
bonding, compatibility tests shall be made (see ISO 11336-3).
The bonding material shall meet the minimum requirements specified in 5.3.
The simplified and approximated structural model of the bonding, considered in this document, is
made of two stress components: a uniaxial tensile or compressive component (σ) perpendicular to the
glass plane, and a shear component (τ) whose plane is perpendicular to the glass plane and applied at
the bonding surface. This is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Tensile or compressive (σ) and shear (τ) stress components
5.2 Physical characteristics
5.2.1 Flexural modulus
Tests according to ISO 37, ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 and DIN 53504.
5.2.2 Elongation
Tests according to ISO 37, ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 and DIN 53504.
5.2.3 Shear modulus
Tests according to ISO 11003-1 and ISO 11003-2, DIN 6701-3.
5.2.4 Tensile strength
Tests according to ISO 37 and DIN 53504.
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ISO 11336-2:2020(E)
5.2.5 Shore hardness
Tests according to ISO 48-5.
5.2.6 Environmental resistance
The resistance of the bonding material shall be tested and documented by the manufacturer to ensure
it is suitable for the intended purpose.
An alternative to this is the installation of
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 11336-2
ISO/TC 8/SC 12
Large yachts — Strength,
Secretariat: UNI
weathertightness and watertightness
Voting begins on:
2020-05-08 of glazed openings —
Voting terminates on:
Part 2:
2020-07-03
Glazed opening integrated into
adjacent structure (elastically
bonded to bulkhead or shell)
design criteria, structural support,
installation and testing
Grands yachts — Résistance, imperméabilité au mauvais temps et
étanchéité des ouvertures vitrées —
Partie 2: Ouvertures vitrées faisant partie intégrale de la structure
adjacente (directement collées sur la cloison ou le bordé) — critères
de conception, support structurel, installation et essais
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols .10
5 Bonding materials .11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Physical characteristics .11
5.2.1 Flexural modulus .11
5.2.2 Elongation .11
5.2.3 Shear modulus .11
5.2.4 Tensile strength .11
5.2.5 Shore hardness .12
5.2.6 Environmental resistance .12
5.2.7 Long term properties .12
5.2.8 Preparation of bonding surfaces .12
5.2.9 Glazing material .12
5.3 Minimum material properties .12
6 Bonding arrangement .12
6.1 Glazing .12
6.2 General .13
6.3 Sloped and overhead glazed openings — Bonding in tension .15
6.4 Insulated glazed units (IGUs) .15
6.5 Bonding limitations .16
7 Bonded joint design .16
7.1 General .17
7.1.1 Overview .17
7.1.2 LC1 — Static permanent load only applicable to unsupported system .19
7.1.3 LC2 — Dynamic load .19
7.1.4 LC3 — Fatigue load .20
7.1.5 LC4 — Dynamic load (accounting for accidental internal loads) .20
7.1.6 Bondline parameters limitations .21
7.2 Design loads .21
7.3 Design parameters .22
8 Bonding installation .23
8.1 Bonding application guidelines .23
8.2 Bonding installation procedures .24
9 Qualification of bonding personnel .24
10 Survey of bonding .24
11 Testing .24
11.1 Testing of materials .24
11.2 Proof testing of bonded joint .24
Annex A (informative) Worked example for bondline calculation .26
Annex B (informative) Calculation method for bondline parameters with superimposed
additional mechanical deflection and different design temperatures of glazing and
substrate .30
Annex C (informative) Example bonding procedures .34
Annex D (informative) Special application glazing — Guidance .35
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
Bibliography .36
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 12, Large yachts.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11336 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and
watertightness of glazed openings —
Part 2:
Glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure
(elastically bonded to bulkhead or shell) design criteria,
structural support, installation and testing
1 Scope
This document specifies technical requirements for direct adhesive bonding of glazing materials into
recesses forming part of the structure of the ship and into frames that are fastened to the structure of
the ship.
It is applicable to large yachts as defined in ISO 11336-1.
This document is limited to the bonding of independent glazed openings, where the bonded joint is
designed to withstand local loads (from external loads coming from weather and sea conditions,
internal impact loads from accidental passenger or cargo shifting, wind suction and accelerations due
to ship motions).
Bonding of glazed openings where the glazing material is subjected to loads from global ship motions
(bending, shear force and torsion), which are considered as structural glazed openings, are outside the
scope of this document. Quantitative identification of the global deflection is also outside the scope.
Additionally, this document is limited to bonding that exhibits elastic behaviour, and excludes rigid
bonding and nonlinear elastic bonding.
The design of the bonding for the following installation types is outside the scope of this document:
— fire protected areas;
— glazed bulwarks;
— underwater glazing;
— pool glazing;
— glazing for use in polar areas;
— unstepped IGUs.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 48-5, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation
hardness by IRHD pocket meter method
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 8339, Building construction — Sealants — Determination of tensile properties (Extension to break)
ISO 11003-1, Adhesives — Determination of shear behaviour of structural adhesives — Part 1: Torsion test
method using butt-bonded hollow cylinders
ISO 11003-2, Adhesives — Determination of shear behaviour of structural adhesives — Part 2: Tensile test
method using thick adherends
ISO 11336-1:2012Large yachts — Strength, weathertightness and watertightness of glazed openings —
Part 1: Design criteria, materials, framing and testing of independent glazed openings
DIN 53504, Testing of rubber — Determination of tensile strength at break, tensile stress at yield, elongation
at break and stress values in a tensile test
DIN 6701-3:2015, Adhesive bonding of railway vehicles and parts. Part 3 Guideline for construction design
and verification of bonds on railway vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bonding material
adhesive material that is used to adhere or bond items together
3.2
bonding process
process to join two materials with an adhesive
3.3
bonded joint
joint between the glazing (3.6) and substrate, consisting of a bonding material (3.1) and a sealing
material (3.4) if required
3.4
sealing material
material used to cover and protect (where necessary) the bonding material (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The sealing itself is not considered to be part of the adhesive bond.
Note 2 to entry: The following items can have a negative effect on bonding materials:
— UV Light,
— seawater,
— chemicals (from cleaning compounds and or biological degradation).
Unless the bonding is specifically designed to be resistant to the above items, it must be protected by a seal
or sealing material (3.4). The sealing material (if present) combines with the bonding to form a weather or
watertight seal.
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
3.5
elastic bonding
bonding where the bonded joints (3.3) are capable of transferring forces and distributing stresses
evenly and show a high degree of flexibility (ability to return to its original shape after deformation)
Note 1 to entry: Its purpose is to hold the glazing (3.6) in place, and to maintain its attachment to the structure
(transmitting loads from the glazing to the ships structure). Additionally, it provides the watertight/weathertight
boundary, whilst allowing rotational deflection and expansion/contraction of the glazing and/or the supporting
structure.
3.6
glazing
transparent or translucent pane
3.7
glazed opening
opening in the hull, superstructure or deckhouse of a ship structure fitted with glazing (3.6)
3.8
independent glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the mechanical behaviour of the pane can be considered independent from
adjacent structures
EXAMPLE Framed appliance (3.9).
3.9
framed appliance
independent glazed opening (3.8) where the glass is clamped into a frame structure consisting of a frame
and a mechanical retainer
Note 1 to entry: For a framed appliance, the weight of the glass is mainly kept by the frame and the retainer. A
rubber gasket or an adhesive is used in this construction to prevent the direct contact between glass and frame
and to achieve watertightness or weathertightness.
3.10
appliance
device made of glazing (3.6) and adhesive or frame, used to cover and protect an opening in the hull,
superstructure or deckhouse
3.11
glazed opening integrated into adjacent structure
glazed opening (3.7) where the mechanical behaviour of the pane cannot be considered independent
from adjacent structures
EXAMPLE Pane bonded directly into a frame.
3.12
insulated glazing unit
IGU
glazing (3.6) made of multiple panes, either monolithic or laminated, separated by sealed gaps filled
with gas (air, argon, etc.)
3.13
stepped IGU
IGU (3.12) where one of the panes is fixed to the framing while the other pane is not supported by the
framing structure
Note 1 to entry: The bonding of stepped IGUs can be designed using the approach defined in this document.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
3.14
unstepped IGU
IGU (3.12) where both panes are supported by the framing structure
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
1 stepped IGU
2 unstepped IGU
Figure 1 — Stepped and unstepped IGU glazing
3.15
bonded window
glazed opening (3.7) where the glass is attached to the adjacent structure by an adhesive
Note 1 to entry: For a bonded window, the adhesive holds the weight of the glass and keeps the glass in its position
under load. Bonded windows can be used like a framed window in any position on board of a large yacht.
3.16
substrate
material from which the frame, hull or superstructure is constructed, which can include filler, primer,
and paint systems
EXAMPLE Steel, aluminium, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP), or wood.
3.17
surface preparation
process of treating the surface of a substance in order to increase its adhesion, which includes applying
components such as activators, cleaners and primers
3.18
UV protection
UV light blocking border, applied to the surface or within the laminate of the glazing, designed to
protect the bond from UV light
3.19
spacer
element used to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation and bond cure,
that is removed prior to the application of the sealing
3.20
setting block
element used to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation and bond cure,
left in place throughout the lifetime of the bonding but considered not to take any load
Note 1 to entry: The setting block must be chemically compatible and must have a shore hardness less than the
surrounding bonding and sealing.
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3.21
resting pad
element designed to support the glass weight and to secure positioning during installation, bond cure
and during the lifetime of the bonding
Note 1 to entry: A resting pad is left in place throughout the lifetime of the bonding, and must be chemically
compatible. It must have a shore hardness greater than the surrounding bonding and sealing, so as to support the
glass weight throughout the lifetime of the bonding.
3.22
bonding width
distance along the mating faces of the substrate and adhesive, and the adhesive and glazing (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
3.23
bonding thickness
distance between the mating faces of the substrate and the glazing
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
3.24
sealing gap
in case of flush or recessed glazing, distance between the edge of the glazing and substrate and/or
adjacent glazing, measured in the plane of the glazing
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 4 for illustrative sketches.
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24
Figure 2 — Bonding from outside — Glazing to substrate
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Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24 (note that for a glass to glass bonding, the seal gap is 2 × C)
Figure 3 — Bonding from outside — Glazing to glazing and substrate
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Key
1 glazing
2 UV protection
3 bonding material
4 sealing material
5 substrate
6 outside
7 inside
A bonding thickness, see 3.23
B bonding width, see 3.22
C sealing gap, see 3.24
Note For limits of the use of windows bonded from the inside, see ISO 11336-1:2012, 6.2.2.
Figure 4 — Bonding from inside (see Note) — Glazing to substrate
3.25
bonding manufacturer
competent entity that provides the bonding material (3.1) and sealing material (3.4), the technical
documentation and the application guidance for its use by the bonding installer
3.26
bonding installer
company, organisation, or person responsible for the installation of the glazing (3.6), bonding, and sealing
3.27
sloped glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation is such that the plane of the glazing (3.6) of the appliance is
orientated at an angle to vertical
3.28
overhead glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation of the appliance is located where persons on board can be
underneath
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ISO/FDIS 11336-2:2020(E)
3.29
walkable glazed opening
glazed opening (3.7) where the installation of the appliance is located in a position where persons can
walk or stand on the opening during normal operations
3.30
retainer
structural or mechanical device that is fastened to the substrate and that prevents the glazing from
falling out of the recess in the event of failure of the bonding material
3.31
filler
substance used to fill or fair the structure of a yacht prior to painting
3.32
reduction factor
factor used to take into account the effect of the reduced performance of an adhesive when exposed to a
particular load (environmental) situation
Note 1 to entry: See 7.1 and 11.1.
3.33
temperature exposure
temperature range considered for the bonding likely to be experienced during the lifetime of the yacht
3.34
permanent static load
long duration load that does not change in magnitude
EXAMPLE Self weight (3.36).
3.35
dynamic cyclic load
short duration load that varies in cycles
EXAMPLE Wave or wind pressure, accelerations due to ship motions.
3.36
self weight
force exerted by gravity on a body
3.37
aging conditions
long term exposure to environmental conditions that can reduce the performance of a bonding
material (3.1)
EXAMPLE UV, temperature.
3.38
design pressure
pressure acting on the glazing (3.6) due to the independent or combined actions of the wave impact and
head of water
3.39
wind load
pressure or wind suction loads acting on the glazing (3.6) due to the movement of air
3.40
linear thermal expansion
change in linear dimension of a material in response to a change in temperature
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3.41
bonding application guidance
guidance information, provided by the bonding manufacturer, for use of the bonding material (3.1) or
materials during installation
3.42
bonding installation procedures
operational procedures, provided by the bonding installer, to detail and control the bonding process
(3.2) during installation
4 Symbols
2
σ Allowable strength, N/mm
A
2
σ Equivalent stress, N/mm
v
2
σ Characteristic strength value at laboratory condition (95 % confidence), N/mm
lab
2
σ Stress along bonding thickness direction (compression or tensile stress), N/mm
f Reduction factor for temperature exposure
redT
f Reduction factor for permanent static load
redS
f Reduction factor for dynamic cyclic load
redD
f Reduction factor for fatigue cyclic load
redF
f Reduction factor for aging conditions
redA
S Material factor
R Ratio compression strength to tensile strength of adhesive
c Maximum allowable adhesive elongation, decimal fraction or percentage
γ Shear strain
2
P Design pressure, kN/m
D
2
P Maximum wind load (dynamic load), kN/m
wind,max
2
P Medium wind load (fatigue load), kN/m
wind,med
T Maximum/minimum design temperature of the window, °C
design
T Temperature of joint application, °C
application
2
a Maximum acceleration due to sea swell, m/s
max
2
a Medium acceleration due to sea swell, m/s
med
α Linear thermal expansion coefficient of glazing material
g
α Linear thermal expansion coefficient of substrate material
s
2
τ Stress perpendicular to glass plane applied at the bonding surface - shear stress, N/mm
2
τ Supported shear stress, N/mm
Supp
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2
τ Unsupported shear stress, N/mm
Unsupp
β Glazing angle, °
d Bonding thickness, mm
w Bonding width, mm
C Sealing gap, mm
gap
5 Bonding materials
5.1 General
A record of the bonding application guidance (see 8.1) and bonding installation procedures (see 8.2)
shall be provided and kept on board (see ISO 11336-3).
Where no previous information on the installed bonding is available and it is required to install new
bonding, compatibility tests shall be made (see ISO 11336-3).
The bonding material shall meet the minimum requirements specified in 5.3.
The simplified and approximated structural model of the bonding, considered in this document, is
made of two stress components: a uniaxial tensile or compressive component (σ) perpendicular to the
glass plane, and a shear component (τ) whose plane is perpendicular to the glass plane and applied at
the bonding surface. This is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Tensile or compressive (σ) and shear (τ) stress components
5.2 Physical characteristics
5.2.1 Flexura
...
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