ISO 18932:2005
(Main)Imaging materials — Adhesive mounting systems — Specifications
Imaging materials — Adhesive mounting systems — Specifications
ISO 18932:2005 provides specifications for adhesive mounting materials for use in attaching prints including photographic, electrophotographic, electrostatic, thermal transfer, or inkjet prints to mounting boards, album leaves, file cards and other supports. It covers both pressure-sensitive and thermally-activated adhesives. Spray adhesives are specifically excluded from ISO 18932:2005.
Matériaux pour l'image — Systèmes de montage adhésifs — Spécifications
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18932
First edition
2005-03-01
Imaging materials — Adhesive mounting
systems — Specifications
Matériaux pour l'image — Systèmes de montage adhésifs —
Spécifications
Reference number
ISO 18932:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Requirements . 1
3.1 Characteristics of adhesive mounting systems . 1
3.2 Types of construction. 2
3.3 Types of thermally-activated materials. 3
3.4 Classes of thermally-activated materials . 4
3.5 Other adhesives . 4
3.6 Adhesive strength. 4
3.7 Blocking . 5
3.8 Shelf life and storage conditions . 5
4 Adhesion tests . 5
4.1 General. 5
4.2 Unaged adhesive test . 5
4.3 Heat-aged adhesive test. 7
4.4 Initial adhesive stress test . 7
4.5 Adhesive shelf life test . 8
4.6 Combined shelf life/heat-aged adhesive test.8
5 Bleed test (penetration of adhesive through paper) . 8
6 Photographic activity test . 8
Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards. 9
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18932 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This first edition cancels and replaces two separate ANSI standards, which were combined to form this
original ISO document.
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
Introduction
Adhesives can either be permanent (of more interest to consumers mounting photos in albums) or reversible
(of more interest to museums and conservators). This International Standard is geared to the former rather
than the reversible adhesives. This International Standard assures that adhesives used to mount images are
both permanent and photo safe.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18932:2005(E)
Imaging materials — Adhesive mounting systems —
Specifications
1)
1 Scope
This International Standard provides specifications for adhesive mounting materials for use in attaching prints
including photographic, electrophotographic, electrostatic, thermal transfer, or inkjet prints to mounting boards,
album leaves, file cards, and other supports. This International Standard covers both pressure-sensitive and
1)
thermally-activated adhesives . Spray adhesives are specifically excluded from this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8510-1:1990, Adhesives — Peel test for a flexible-bonded-to-rigid test specimen assembly — Part 1:
90 degree peel
ISO 14145-1:1998, Roller ball pens and refills — Part 1: General use
ISO 14523, Photography — Processed photographic materials — Photographic activity test for enclosure
materials
ISO 18902, Imaging Materials — Processed photographic films, plates and papers — Filing enclosures and
storage containers
2)
ASTM D3330/D3330M-00, Standard Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
2)
ASTM D3611-89 (Reapproved 1998) Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
3 Requirements
3.1 Characteristics of adhesive mounting systems
3.1.1 General
Pressure-sensitive adhesive mounting systems commonly consist of two basic forms, supported and
unsupported. They are usually applied to the back of the print. Both systems use release-coated liners to
protect the adhesive prior to use.
1) This International Standard is not applicable to situations in which the permanent mounting of a photograph is not
recommended.
2) Available from ASTM, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
Liquid adhesives require a compatible dispenser or applicator to apply the adhesive to the back of the print or
the front of the mounting board. Pastes are more viscous and are usually applied with a brush or roller. Solid
adhesives usually are adhered to the back of prints by manual pressure.
Thermally-activated dry mounting adhesives shall have uniform thickness, be flexible, essentially non-tacky at
normal room temperature, and consist of two basic forms, supported and unsupported.
3.1.2 Reactivity
The adhesive shall not cause discoloration of the print, paper or mounting board. The adhesive shall meet the
requirements of the bleed test in Clause 5 and the requirements of the photographic activity test in Clause 6.
3.1.3 Coating
Pressure-sensitive adhesives shall be applied uniformly to each side of a supporting carrier or a release liner.
The adhesive surface shall be tacky to the touch at 23 °C.
Thermally-activated adhesives shall be uniformly coated on both sides of a carrier membrane or be
independent as a dry unsupported sheet. The thermally-activated film adhesive shall have uniform thickness
and be flexible, dry and essentially non-tacky at 23 °C. Thermally-activated film adhesives do not have release
liners.
3.1.4 Physical characteristics
Important physical properties of the supports and adhesive layers of thermally-activated and pressure-
sensitive adhesive materials shall include:
1) No surface structures that could impart texture patterns to the image due to pressure applied in
mounting;
2) Uniform thickness and resistance to damage caused by handling;
3) No voids, particles or other irregularities;
4) Uniformly white or light colours if transparent, uniform colour if translucent or opaque.
3.1.5 Liners
Protective liners shall be easily removed from the adhesive without tearing or delaminating. The release
coating on the release liners shall be uniformly coated without voids or streaks and shall be sufficiently
bonded to the liner to prevent any transfer to the adhesive.
3.2 Types of construction
3.2.1 Supported pressure-sensitive adhesives
This adhesive system consists of a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive coated on both sides of a carrier. The
carrier may be any relatively thin, flexible material such as paper, film, polyester web, non-woven synthetic,
etc. The carrier shall be uniform in thickness and appearance. The carrier shall comply with all requirements
for paper or plastic materials in ISO 18902 and shall pass the PAT (Photographic Activity Testing) in
accordance with ISO 14523.
This product is supplied in three basic forms:
in roll form with one release liner;
in roll or sheet form sandwiched between two release liners;
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
coated on one side of a mounting board with one release liner.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives shall be free from imperfections and conform to ISO 14523 and ISO 18902.
3.2.2 Unsupported pressure-sensitive adhesives
This adhesive material has a single uniform layer of adhesive that is not reinforced or supported by a carrier.
The product is supplied in three basic forms:
in roll form with one release liner;
in roll or sheet form sandwiched between two release liners;
coated on one side of a mounting board with one release liner.
3.2.3 Supported thermally-activated adhesives
This adhesive system consists of a layer of a thermally-activated adhesive film coated on both sides of a
carrier. The carrier may be any relatively thin, flexible material such as paper, film, polyester web, non-woven
synthetic, etc. The carrier shall be uniform in thickness and appearance. The carrier shall comply with all
requirements for paper or plastic materials in ISO 18902 and should pass the PAT (Photographic Activity
Testing) in accordance with ISO 14523.
The product is supplied in three basic forms:
in roll form;
in sheet form;
coated on one side of a mounting board;
coated on one side of canvas or other soft substrate with or without one release liner.
3.2.4 Unsupported thermally-activated adhesives
This adhesive system consists of a single uniform layer of adhesive that has not been reinforced or supported
by a carrier.
The product is supplied in four basic forms:
in roll form;
in roll or sheet form;
coated on one side of a mounting board;
coated on one side of canvas or other soft substrate with or without one release liner.
3.3 Types of thermally-activated materials
3.3.1 Type I — Non-removable
The adhesive of this mounting material shall provide bonding between print and mounts, preventing deliberate
separation to the print or mounting board surface by reheating for the time as specified by the manufacturer
and temperature specified in 3.4.1 and 3.4.2. This type of adhesive will permanently bond after having
reached recommended time/adhesion temperature within the mounting system.
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
3.3.2 Type II — Removable
The adhesive of this mounting material shall allow separation of the print from the mounting board without
injury to either surface by reheating to the temperatures specified in 3.4.1 and 3.4.2, but otherwise shall
maintain satisfactory bonding. Thermally-detachable adhesives must be cooled under pressure for no less
than 15 s to activate the bond.
3.4 Classes of thermally-activated materials
3.4.1 Class 1 — Low temperature
The thermally-activated coating shall provide adhesion at temperatures of 66 °C to 108 °C.
3.4.2 Class 2 — High temperature
The thermally-activated coating shall be adhesive at temperatures of 108 °C to 163 °C under the conditions of
time and temperature specified by the manufacturer. This class of adhesives is not recommended for resin-
coated (RC) or digital imaging materials because the required temperatures are likely to damage the emulsion
surface and/or the colorants.
3.5 Other adhesives
3.5.1 Liquid
Liquid adhesives are transparent, translucent, opaque or colour-changing.
3.5.2 Pastes
Pastes are more viscous than liquid adhesives and are typically translucent or opaque.
3.5.3 Solid
Solid adhesives include glue sticks and are typically translucent, opaque or colour-changing.
3.6 Adhesive strength
3.6.1 Pressure-sensitive adhesive strength
The adhesive should form an immediate bond to the print as well as the mounting board when pressed
together with enough uniform pressure to provide intimate contact. This is typically best accomplished using
roll-laminating equipment so as to prevent any air entrapment during the bonding process. Adhesion should
be such that forcible separation results in tearing, delaminating or distortion of the print or mounting board. If
none of these occur, minimum bond strength of 1.3 N/cm (132 g-force/cm) shall be obtained when tested
according to 4.1 to 4.6.
3.6.2 Thermally-activated adhesive strength
When available, the manufacturer's recommended procedures shall be used for mounting the print. Adhesion
shall be completed within 120 s after reaching bond temperature in all cases. Applied pressure shall be great
and uniform enough to evenly bond. Adhesive strength and longevity is directly related to the correct amount
of bonding time, proper temperature, adequate pressure and reduced moisture content.
Adhesion should be such that forcible separation results in tearing, delaminating, or distortion of the print/
mounting board. If none of these occur, minimum bond strength of 1.3 N/cm (132 g -force/cm) shall be
obtained when tested according to 4.1 to 4.6.
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ISO 18932:2005(E)
The adhesive strength of Type I adhesives shall be sufficiently great to prevent peeling of the print from the
mount during the cooling period. Type II adhesives bond during cooling; therefore, the adhesive strength shall
be sufficiently great to prevent peeling of the print from the mount after cooling for 30 s or to 10 °C below the
bonding temperature.
3.7 Blocking
Blocking is a term used to describe the adhesion of surfaces of materials that are in intimate contact, as in a
package, pile or roll. If the thermally-activated adhesive of a mounting material tends to block under normal
storage or use conditions, it shall be protected with an appropriate interleaving material, such as waxed or
silicone-treated paper. However, slight-to-moderate blocking is acceptable at room temperature, even with
interleaved material, if the surfaces can be separated readily without damage to the adhesive.
3.8 Shelf life an
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