ISO 10471:2003
(Main)Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term ultimate bending strain and the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions
Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-term ultimate bending strain and the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions
ISO 10471:2003 specifies a method for determining by extrapolation the long-term ultimate bending strain and the calculation of the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes, under wet conditions. Two methods of loading are given, one using plates the other beam bars. Either method may be used for measurements of relative vertical deflection up to 28 %. When it is expected that this level is going to be exceeded then the procedure is limited to the use of at least one beam bar.
Tubes en plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) — Détermination de l'effort à la flexion ultime à long terme et réflexion annulaire relative ultime à long terme dans des conditions mouillées
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10471
First edition
2003-12-01
Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics
(GRP) pipes — Determination of the long-
term ultimate bending strain and the
long-term ultimate relative ring deflection
under wet conditions
Tubes en plastiques thermodurcissables renforcés de verre (PRV) —
Détermination de l'effort à la flexion ultime à long terme et réflexion
annulaire relative ultime à long terme dans des conditions mouillées
Reference number
ISO 10471:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 3
5 Apparatus. 4
5.1 Compressive loading machine . 4
5.2 Force application surfaces. 4
5.3 Water container. 5
5.4 Measuring devices. 5
6 Test piece. 6
7 Number of test pieces. 6
8 Determination of the dimensions of the test piece . 7
8.1 Length. 7
8.2 Wall thickness. 7
8.3 Mean diameter. 7
9 Conditioning. 7
10 Procedure. 7
11 Calculation. 8
11.1 Extrapolation of the strain data to obtain the x-year value, ε . 8
x, wet
11.2 Calculation of the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions,
y /d . 8
u, wet, x m
12 Test report. 8
Annex A (informative) Equal increments of lg(time in h) . 10
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10471 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 6, Reinforced plastics pipes and fittings for all applications.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10471:2003(E)
Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes —
Determination of the long-term ultimate bending strain and the
long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining by extrapolation the long-term ultimate bending
strain and the calculation of the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection of glass-reinforced thermosetting
plastics (GRP) pipes, under wet conditions.
Two methods of loading are given, one using plates the other beam bars.
NOTE Either method may be used for measurements of relative vertical deflection up to 28 %. When it is expected
that this level is going to be exceeded then the procedure is limited to the use of at least one beam bar.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7685, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of
initial specific ring stiffness
ISO 10928:1997, Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and
fittings — Methods for regression analysis and their use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
vertical compressive force
F
vertical force, expressed in newtons, applied to a horizontal pipe to cause a vertical deflection
3.2
mean diameter
d
m
diameter, expressed in metres, of the circle corresponding with the middle of the pipe wall cross-section and
given by either of the following equations:
dd=+e (1)
mi
dd=−e (2)
me
where
d is the internal diameter, in metres;
i
d is the external diameter, in metres;
e
e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres.
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
3.3
vertical deflection
y
vertical change in diameter of a pipe in a horizontal position, expressed in metres, in response to a vertical
compressive force (see 3.1)
3.4
relative vertical deflection
y/d
m
ratio of the vertical deflection, y (see 3.3), to the mean diameter of the pipe, d (see 3.2)
m
3.5
ultimate vertical deflection under wet conditions
y
u, wet
vertical deflection of the pipe, y (see 3.3), expressed in metres, when failure occurs under wet conditions (see
Clause 4)
3.6
ultimate relative vertical deflection under wet conditions
y /d
u, wet m
ratio of the ultimate vertical deflection under wet conditions, y (see 3.5), to the mean diameter of the pipe,
u, wet
d (see 3.2)
m
3.7
long-term ultimate ring deflection under wet conditions
y
u, wet, x
extrapolated value of the ultimate vertical deflection, expressed in metres, of the pipe under wet conditions,
y (see 3.5), when failure is expected to occur at a time, x, specified in the referring standard
u, wet
3.8
long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet conditions
y /d
u, wet, x m
ratio of the long-term ultimate ring deflection under wet conditions, y (see 3.7), to the mean diameter of
u, wet, x
the pipe, d (see 3.2)
m
3.9
failure
loss of the structural integrity of a test piece as evidenced by the inability of the test piece to carry the load
3.10
time to failure
t
u
time elapsed, expressed in hours, until failure (see 3.9) occurs
3.11
specific ring stiffness
S
physical characteristic of a pipe, expressed in newtons per square metre, that is a measure of the resistance
to ring deflection per metre length under external load and is defined by Equation (3):
E× I
S= (3)
3
d
m
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
where
E is the apparent modulus of elasticity, in newtons per square metre, determined by testing in
accordance with ISO 7685;
I is the second moment of area in the longitudinal direction per metre length, in metres to the fourth
4
power per metre (m /m), i.e.
3
e
I= (4)
12
e being the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres;
d is the mean diameter of the pipe, in metres (see 3.2)
m
3.12
initial specific ring stiffness
S
0
value of S, expressed in newtons per square metre, determined by testing in accordance with ISO 7685
3.13
strain factor
D
g
dimensionless factor used to transform a deflection value into a strain value
4 Principle
Each of several cut lengths of pipe is supported horizontally and loaded throughout its length to compress it
diametrically to achieve a desired level of strain. The force application surfaces are either bearing plates or
beam bars.
The pipe is immersed in water at a given temperature for a period of time during which the force remains
constant and the increasing vertical deflection is measured at intervals until failure (see 3.9) occurs. The
relative vertical deflection at failure [ultimate relative vertical deflection, y /d (see 3.6)] is converted into a
u, wet m
bending strain at failure (ultimate bending strain, ε , in percent), either calculated using Equation (5) or
u, wet
determined from a strain-deflection calibration curve (see 10.3).
NOTE The strain may also be measured directly by the use of waterproofed strain gauges.
y
e
u, wet
ε =×D × ×100 (5)
u, wet g
dd
mm
where
D is calculated using Equation (6):
g
4,28
D = (6)
g
2
y
u, wet
1+
2× d
m
y being the ultimate vertical deflection under wet conditions, in metres;
u, wet
d is the mean diameter of the pipe (see 3.2), in metres;
m
e is the mean wall thickness of the pipe, obtained from several measurements around the pipe
circumference, in metres.
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ISO 10471:2003(E)
These values of ultimate bending strain and the applicable times, t (see 3.10), are used in the procedures
u
described in method A of ISO 10928:1997 to determine the long-term ultimate bending strain under wet
conditions, ε . If it is required to determine the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection under wet
u, wet, x
conditions, y /d (see 3.8), expressed in percent, then the long-term ultimate bending strain is converted
,
u, wet x m
to deflection using Equation (7):
y ε
u, wet, x u, wet, x
= (7)
e
d
m
D ×
g
d
m
NOTE It is assumed that values for the following test parameters will be set by the standard making reference to this
International Standard:
a) the time, x, to which the values are to be extrapolated (see 3.7 and 3.8);
b) the test temperature (see 5.3 and 10.1);
c) the length and number of test pieces (see Clauses 6 and 7);
d) the distribution of the times to failure (see 10.8);
e) the pH of the test water.
The standard test procedure is to determine and analyse the bending strains induced by the vertical
deflections. This procedure accommodates sample to sample variation and results in a strain versus time
expression applicable to a range of pipe classifications.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Compressive loading machine
The machine shall comprise a system capable of applying a fo
...
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