ISO/IEC FDIS 27032

Cybersecurity — Guidelines for Internet security

Cybersécurité — Lignes directrices relatives à la sécurité sur l’internet

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 35.030 - IT Security
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 4 - Security controls and services
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 13-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 13-Mar-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 27032:2012 - Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for cybersecurity
• Effective Date: 16-Jun-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
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ISO/IEC DIS FDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 4
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Secretariat: DIN
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Date: 2022-09-162023-02-27
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Cybersecurity — Guidelines for Internet security Style Definition: Heading 5: Font: Bold

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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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© ISO/IEC 20222023
single
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation,

no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,

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electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the Internetinternet or an

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intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the

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address below or ISO’sISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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ISO copyright officeCopyright Office
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CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
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Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
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Fax: [phone]
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Email: [e-mail]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
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Published in Switzerland.
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ii © ISO/IEC 20222023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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Contents

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... vi

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................ 5

5 Relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity .................................................................................................................................................... 6

6 Overview of Internet security ..................................................................................................................... 7

7 Interested parties ............................................................................................................................................ 9

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

7.2 Users ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.3 Coordinator and standardization organisations .............................................................................. 10

7.4 Government authorities ............................................................................................................................. 10

7.5 Law enforcement agencies ........................................................................................................................ 11

7.6 Internet service providers (ISP) ............................................................................................................. 11

8 Internet security risk assessment and treatment ............................................................................ 11

8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11

8.2 Threats ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

8.3 Vulnerabilities ............................................................................................................................................... 13

8.4 Attack vectors ................................................................................................................................................ 13

9 Security guidelines for the Internet ....................................................................................................... 14

9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

9.2 Controls for Internet security .................................................................................................................. 14

9.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

9.2.2 Policies for Internet security.................................................................................................................... 15

9.2.3 Access control ................................................................................................................................................ 15

9.2.4 Education, awareness & training ............................................................................................................ 16

9.2.5 Security incident management ................................................................................................................ 16

9.2.6 Asset management ....................................................................................................................................... 17

9.2.7 Supplier management ................................................................................................................................. 18

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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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9.2.8 Business continuity over the Internet .................................................................................................. 19

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9.2.9 Privacy protection over the Internet .................................................................................................... 19

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9.2.11 Network management ................................................................................................................................ 21

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9.2.12 Protection against malware ..................................................................................................................... 22

9.2.13 Change management ................................................................................................................................... 23

9.2.14 Identification of applicable legislation and compliance requirements .................................... 23

9.2.15 Use of cryptography..................................................................................................................................... 23

9.2.16 Application security for Internet-facing applications ..................................................................... 24

9.2.17 Endpoint device management ................................................................................................................. 25

9.2.18 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................... 25

Annex A (Informative) Cross-references between ISO/IEC 27032 and ISO/IEC 27002 .................... 26

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 29

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... vi

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................ 5

5 Relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity .................................................................................................................................................... 6

6 Overview of Internet security ..................................................................................................................... 7

7 Interested parties ............................................................................................................................................ 9

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

7.2 Users ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.3 Coordinator and standardization organisations .............................................................................. 10

7.4 Government authorities ............................................................................................................................. 10

7.5 Law enforcement agencies ........................................................................................................................ 11

7.6 Internet service providers (ISP) ............................................................................................................. 11

8 Internet security risk assessment and treatment ............................................................................ 11

8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11

8.2 Threats ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

8.3 Vulnerabilities ............................................................................................................................................... 13

8.4 Attack vectors ................................................................................................................................................ 13

9 Security guidelines for the Internet ....................................................................................................... 14

9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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9.2 Controls for Internet security .................................................................................................................. 14

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9.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

9.2.2 Policies for Internet security.................................................................................................................... 15 Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(33;29;30))

9.2.3 Access control ................................................................................................................................................ 15

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9.2.4 Education, awareness & training ............................................................................................................ 16

9.2.5 Security incident management ................................................................................................................ 16

9.2.6 Asset management ....................................................................................................................................... 17

9.2.7 Supplier management ................................................................................................................................. 18

9.2.8 Business continuity over the Internet .................................................................................................. 19

9.2.9 Privacy protection over the Internet .................................................................................................... 19

9.2.10 Vulnerability management ....................................................................................................................... 20

9.2.11 Network management ................................................................................................................................ 21

9.2.12 Protection against malware ..................................................................................................................... 22

9.2.13 Change management ................................................................................................................................... 23

9.2.14 Identification of applicable legislation and compliance requirements .................................... 23

9.2.15 Use of cryptography..................................................................................................................................... 23

9.2.16 Application security for Internet-facing applications ..................................................................... 24

9.2.17 Endpoint device management ................................................................................................................. 25

9.2.18 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................... 25

Annex A (Informative) Cross-references between ISO/IEC 27032 and ISO/IEC 27002 .................... 26

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 29

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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

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...

committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.

ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

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...

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

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...
work.
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...

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

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...

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

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...

different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

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editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives or

...
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocswww.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Formatted

...

Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

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Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
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www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent declarations received (see

https://patents.iec.chhttps://patents.iec.ch). Formatted
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

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constitute an endorsement. ...
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

...
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see
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www.iec.ch/understanding-standardswww.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
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This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

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Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 27032:2012) which has been ...

technically revised.
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The main changes are as follows:
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— the title has been modified;
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— the structure of the document has been changed, presenting an overview of Internet security ...

and detailed guidance on Internet security controls;
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— the risk assessment and treatment approach has been changed, consideringwith the addition of

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content on threats, vulnerabilities and attack vectors to identify and manage the Internet security ...

risks;
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— the correspondencea mapping between the controls for Internet security cited in 9.2 and the

controls contained in ISO/IEC 27002 can be found inhas been added to Annex A. Formatted

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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

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complete listing of these bodies can be found at

www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national- Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(33;29;30))

committeeswww.iec.ch/national-committees.
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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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Introduction
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The focus of this document is to address Internet security issues and provide guidance for addressing

common Internet security threats, such as:
— social engineering attacks;
— zero-day attacks;
— privacy attacks;
— hacking; and

— the proliferation of malicious software (malware), spyware and other potentially unwanted

software.
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The guidance within this document provides technical and non-technical controls for addressing the

Internet security risks, including controls for:
— preparing for attacks;
— preventing attacks;
— detecting and monitoring attacks; and
— responding to attacks.

The guidance focuses on providing industry best practices, broad consumer and employee education to

assist interested parties in playing an active role to address the Internet security challenges. The

document also focuses on preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information over

the Internet and other properties, such as authenticity, accountability, non-repudiation and reliability

that can also be involved.
This includes Internet security guidance for:
— roles;
— policies;
— methods;
— processes; and
— applicable technical controls.

Given the scope of this document, the controls provided are necessarily at a high-level. Detailed

technical specification standards and guidelines applicable to each area are referenced within the

document for further guidance. See Annex A for the correspondence between the controls cited in this

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document and those in ISO/IEC 27002.
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This document does not specifically address controls that organizations can require for systems

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supporting critical infrastructure or national security. However, most of the controls mentioned in this

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document can be applied forto such systems.
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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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This document uses existing concepts from ISO/IEC 27002, the ISO/IEC 27033 series, ISO/IEC TS

27100 and ISO/IEC 27701, to provide theillustrate: Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold

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- — the relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and cybersecurity;

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- — detailed guidance on Internet security controls cited in 9.2, addressing cyber-security

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readiness for Internet-facing systems.
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As mentioned in ISO/IEC TS 27100, the Internet is a global network, used by organizations for all

communications, both digital and voice. Given that some users target attacks towards these networks, it

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is critical to address the relevant security risks.
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© ISO/IEC 20222023 – All rights reserved ix
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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Cybersecurity — Guidelines for Internet security
1 Scope
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This document provides:
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— an explanation of the relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity,; Formatted: std_docNumber
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— an overview of Internet security,;
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— identification of interested parties and a description of their roles in Internet security,;

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— high -level guidance for addressing common Internet security issues.
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This document is intended for organizations that use the Internet.
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

numbers

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

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ISO/IEC 27000, Information technology –— Security techniques –— Information security management

Kingdom)
systems –— Overview and vocabulary
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(United Kingdom)
3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 27000, and the following

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apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ...

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— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp

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— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/

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3.1 ...
attack vector
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path or means by which an attacker can gain access to a computer or network server in order to deliver

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a malicious outcome
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EXAMPLE 1 IoT devices.
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EXAMPLE 2 Smart phones.
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3.2
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ISO/IEC DISFDIS 27032:20222023(E)
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attacker

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to steal or c
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
27032
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27
Cybersecurity — Guidelines for
Secretariat: DIN
Internet security
Voting begins on:
2023-03-13
Voting terminates on:
2023-05-08
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO/IEC 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
27032
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27
Cybersecurity — Guidelines for
Secretariat: DIN
Internet security
Voting begins on:
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO/IEC 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Abbreviated terms ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

5 Relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6 Overview of Internet security................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7 Interested parties ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.2 Users ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

7.3 Coordinator and standardization organisations .................................................................................................. 10

7.4 G over n ment aut hor it ie s .............................................................................................................................................................. 10

7.5 Law enforcement agencies ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

7.6 Internet service providers ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

8 Internet security risk assessment and treatment ........................................................................................................11

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11

8.2 Threats ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

8.3 Vulnerabilities ......................................................................................................................................................................................12

8.4 Attack vectors ......................................................................................................................................................................................12

9 Security guidelines for the Internet .............................................................................................................................................13

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................13

9.2 Controls for Internet security ................................................................................................................................................ 14

9.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

9.2.2 Policies for Internet security ................................................................................................................................ 14

9.2.3 Access control .................................................................................................................................................................... 14

9.2.4 Education, awareness and training ................................................................................................................ 15

9.2.5 Security incident management ........................................................................................................................... 15

9.2.6 Asset management ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

9.2.7 Supplier management ................................................................................................................................................. 17

9.2.8 Business continuity over the Internet .......................................................................................................... 18

9.2.9 Privacy protection over the Internet ............................................................................................................ 18

9.2.10 Vulnerability management ..................................................................................................................................... 19

9.2.11 Network management ................................................................................................................................................ 20

9.2.12 Protection against malware .................................................................................................................................. 21

9.2.13 Change management .................................................................................................................................................... 21

9.2.14 Identification of applicable legislation and compliance requirements ...........................22

9.2.15 Use of cryptography ..................................................................................................................................................... 22

9.2.16 Application security for Internet-facing applications ....................................................................22

9.2.17 Endpoint device management ............................................................................................................................. 24

9. 2 .18 Mon it or i n g ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24

Annex A (informative) Cross-references between this document and ISO/IEC 27002 ...............................25

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

iii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical

activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

work.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance

are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria

needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in

accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or

www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC

list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding­standards.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 27032:2012) which has been

technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title has been modified;
— the structure of the document has been changed;

— the risk assessment and treatment approach has been changed, with the addition of content on

threats, vulnerabilities and attack vectors to identify and manage the Internet security risks;

— a mapping between the controls for Internet security cited in 9.2 and the controls contained in

ISO/IEC 27002 has been added to Annex A.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards

body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and

www.iec.ch/national­committees.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
Introduction

The focus of this document is to address Internet security issues and provide guidance for addressing

common Internet security threats, such as:
— social engineering attacks;
— zero-day attacks;
— privacy attacks;
— hacking; and

— the proliferation of malicious software (malware), spyware and other potentially unwanted

software.

The guidance within this document provides technical and non­technical controls for addressing the

Internet security risks, including controls for:
— preparing for attacks;
— preventing attacks;
— detecting and monitoring attacks; and
— responding to attacks.

The guidance focuses on providing industry best practices, broad consumer and employee education

to assist interested parties in playing an active role to address the Internet security challenges. The

document also focuses on preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information over

the Internet and other properties, such as authenticity, accountability, non-repudiation and reliability

that can also be involved.
This includes Internet security guidance for:
— roles;
— policies;
— methods;
— processes; and
— applicable technical controls.

Given the scope of this document, the controls provided are necessarily at a high-level. Detailed

technical specification standards and guidelines applicable to each area are referenced within the

document for further guidance. See Annex A for the correspondence between the controls cited in this

document and those in ISO/IEC 27002.

This document does not specifically address controls that organizations can require for systems

supporting critical infrastructure or national security. However, most of the controls mentioned in this

document can be applied to such systems.

This document uses existing concepts from ISO/IEC 27002, the ISO/IEC 27033 series, ISO/IEC TS 27100

and ISO/IEC 27701, to illustrate:

— the relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and cybersecurity;

— detailed guidance on Internet security controls cited in 9.2, addressing cyber-security readiness for

Internet-facing systems.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)

As mentioned in ISO/IEC TS 27100, the Internet is a global network, used by organizations for all

communications, both digital and voice. Given that some users target attacks towards these networks,

it is critical to address the relevant security risks.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
Cybersecurity — Guidelines for Internet security
1 Scope
This document provides:

— an explanation of the relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity;
— an overview of Internet security;

— identification of interested parties and a description of their roles in Internet security;

— high-level guidance for addressing common Internet security issues.
This document is intended for organizations that use the Internet.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 27000, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management

systems — Overview and vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 27000, and the following

apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
attack vector

path or means by which an attacker can gain access to a computer or network server in order to deliver

a malicious outcome
EXAMPLE 1 IoT devices.
EXAMPLE 2 Smart phones.
3.2
attacker

person deliberately exploiting vulnerabilities in technical and non-technical security controls in order

to steal or compromise information systems and networks, or to compromise availability to legitimate

users of information system and network resources
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27033­1:2015, 3.3]
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
3.3
blended attack

attack that seeks to maximize the severity of damage and speed of contagion by combining multiple

attack vectors (3.1)
3.4
bot
automated software program used to carry out specific tasks

Note 1 to entry: This word is often used to describe programs, usually run on a server, that automate tasks such

as forwarding or sorting e­mail.

Note 2 to entry: A bot is also described as a program that operates as an agent for a user or another program or

simulates a human activity. On the Internet, the most ubiquitous bots are the programs, also called spiders or

crawlers, which access websites and gather their content for search engine indexes.

3.5
botnet

collection of remotely controlled malicious bots that run autonomously or automatically on

compromised computers

EXAMPLE Distributed denial­of­service (DDoS) nodes, where the botnet controller can direct the user’s

computer to generate traffic to a third-party site as part of a coordinated DDoS attack.

3.6
cybersecurity
safeguarding of people, society, organizations and nations from cyber risks
Note 1 to entry: Safeguarding means to keep cyber risk at a tolerable level.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 27100:2020, 3.2]
3.7
dark net

network of secret websites within the Internet that can only be accessed with specific software

Note 1 to entry: The dark net is also known as dark web.
3.8
deceptive software

software which performs activities on a user's computer without first notifying the user as to exactly

what the software will do on the computer, or asking the user for consent to these actions

EXAMPLE 1 A program that hijacks user configurations.

EXAMPLE 2 A program that causes endless popup advertisements which cannot be easily stopped by the user.

EXAMPLE 3 Adware and spyware.
3.9
hacking

intentionally accessing a computer system without the authorization of the user or the owner

3.10
hacktivism
hacking (3.9) for a politically or socially motivated purpose
3.11
Internet
global system of inter-connected networks in the public domain

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27033-1:2015, 3.14, modified — “the” has been deleted from the term.]

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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
3.12
Internet security

preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information over the Internet (3.11)

Note 1 to entry: In addition, other properties, such as authenticity, accountability, non-repudiation and reliability

can also be involved.

Note 2 to entry: Please refer to definitions on confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, accountability,

non-repudiation and reliability in ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.
3.13
Internet service provider
ISP

organization that provides Internet services to a user and enables its customers access to the Internet

(3.11)

Note 1 to entry: Also, sometimes referred to as an Internet access provider (IAP).

3.14
malicious content

applications, documents, files, data or other resources that have malicious features or capabilities

embedded, disguised or hidden in them
3.15
malware
malicious software

software designed with malicious intent containing features or capabilities that can potentially cause

harm directly or indirectly to the user and/or the user’s computer system
EXAMPLE Viruses, worms and trojans.
3.16
organization

person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships

to achieve its objectives

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this document, an individual is distinct from an organization.

Note 2 to entry: In general, a government is also an organization. In the context of this document, governments

can be considered separately from other organizations for clarity.

[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.2.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and Note 2 to entry have been replaced.]

3.17
phishing

fraudulent process of attempting to acquire private or confidential information by masquerading as a

trustworthy entity in an electronic communication

Note 1 to entry: Phishing can be accomplished by using social engineering or technical deception.

3.18
potentially unwanted software

deceptive software (3.8), including malicious (3.15) and non-malicious software, that exhibit the

characteristics of deceptive software
3.19
spam
unsolicited emails that can carry malicious content and/or scam messages

Note 1 to entry: While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar

abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in

blogs, wiki spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam and junk fax transmissions.

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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27033-1:2015, 3.37, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added]
3.20
spyware

deceptive software (3.8), that collects private or confidential information from a computer user

Note 1 to entry: Information can include matters such as websites most frequently visited or more sensitive

information such as passwords.
3.21
threat

potential cause of an unwanted incident, which can result in harm to a system, individual or organization

(3.16)
3.22
trojan

malware (3.15) that appears to perform a desirable function for the user but that mislead the user of its

true intent
3.23
vishing

voice phishing done to acquire private or confidential information by masquerading as a trustworthy

entity

Note 1 to entry: Vishing can be conducted by voice email, VoIP (voice over IP), or landline or cellular telephone.

3.24
waterhole technique

technique inciting people to access a website that specifically contains (lots of) malware

Note 1 to entry: Waterhole is also known as watering hole.
3.25
World Wide Web
Web
universe of network­accessible information and services
[SOURCE: ISO 19101­1:2014, 4.1.40]
4 Abbreviated terms
The following abbreviated terms are used in this document.
AI artificial intelligence
API application programming interface
APT advanced persistent threat
BYOD bring your own device
CERT computer emergency response team
DDoS distributed denial­of­service
DLP data loss prevention
DMZ demilitarized zone
DNS domain name system
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)
DoS denial­of­service
EDR endpoint detection and response
FTP file transfer protocol
HTTP hypertext transfer protocol
HTTPS hypertext transfer protocol over secure socket layer
ICANN internet corporation for assigned names and numbers
ICT information and communications technology
IDS intrusion detection system
IETF Internet engineering task force
IMT incident management team
IoT internet of things
IP Internet protocol
IPS intrusion prevention system
ISP Internet service provider
ISV independent software vendor
IRT incident response team
ISMS information security management system
OWASP open web application security project
PII personally identifiable information
SDLC software development life cycle
SIEM security information and event management
SME small and medium enterprises
URL uniform resource locator
USB universal serial bus
VPN virtual private network
W3C world wide web consortium
WWW world wide web
5 Relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and
cybersecurity

Figure 1 shows a high-level view of the relationship between Internet security, web security, network

security and cybersecurity.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)

Figure 1 — Relationship between Internet security, web security, network security and

cybersecurity

The Internet is a global system of inter-connected digital networks in the public domain. The

information exchange on the Internet also uses the mobile telephony network that is hence part of the

Internet. This global network connects billions of servers, computers, and other hardware devices. Each

device is connected with any other device through its connection to the Internet. The Internet creates

an environment which is conducive to information sharing.

Internet security is concerned with protecting Internet-related services and related ICT systems and

networks as an extension of network security. These efforts aim to reduce Internet related security

risks for organizations, customers and other relevant stakeholders.

Internet security also ensures the availability and reliability of Internet services. Over the Internet,

various services are on offer, such as file transfer services, mail services or any services that can be

publicly shared with the end users. In this context, Internet security deals with the secure delivery of

these services over the public network.

The web is one of the ways information is shared on the Internet [others include email, file transfer

protocol (FTP), and instant messaging services]. The web is composed of billions of connected digital

documents that can be viewed using a web browser. A website is a set of related web pages that are

prepared and maintained as a collection in support of a single purpose.

Web security deals with information security in the context of world wide web (WWW) and with web

services accessed over the public network. The web service is enabled by the use of HTTP protocol in

which any registered publicly available URL can be accessed. Web security also deals with security of

this HTTP connection used for information exchange.

A network can include components such as routers, hubs, cabling, telecommunications controllers,

key distribution centres, and technical control devices. Network security broadly covers all kinds of

networks that exist within an organization from local area network, wide area network, personal area

network and wireless networks.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 27032:2023(E)

Network security is concerned with the design, implementation, operation and improvement of

networks, as well as the identification and treatment of network-related security risks within

organizations, between organizations, and between organizations and users.

Cybersecurity concerns managing information security risks when information is in digital form in

computers, storage and networks. Many of the information security controls, methods, and techniques

can be applied to manage cyber risks.

Cybersecurity also deals with protecting Internet-connected systems including hardware, software,

programs and data from potential attacks. Many of these attacks are characterized by targeted and

blended attacks with a high degree of sophistication and persistence. The threats can be Internet­

based and/or threats due to connectivity with other networks and systems within the organization or

customer and service provider’s network, to which the organization communicates during the normal

course of business.
6 Overview of Internet security

The personally identifiable information (PII) of Internet users is captured by many sites and services

offered on the Internet. This includes application service providers who closely track user activities and

use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to provide recommendations for purchases, healthcare, time

management and a host of other feedback intending to make their lives and tasks easier to manage. Many

of these sites collect this data without the users’ permission and provide this data to other third parties

for monetary gain, again without the users' knowledge. In
...