ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013
(Main)Information technology — Procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency — Part 6: Framework for generating ontologies
Information technology — Procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency — Part 6: Framework for generating ontologies
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 covers the framework for generating ontologies based on ISO/IEC 11179-3, and provides the procedure and mapping model for generating ontologies. ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 describes a method to generate ontologies for a context using concepts in ISO/IEC 11179-3. Most ontologies are basically composed of classes (concepts), properties, relations between classes, and instances (objects or individuals). ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 considers the generation of ontology consisting of a subset of ontology components required for defining ontologies at the conceptual level which is called "FGO_Ontology". ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 uses the prefix "FGO_" to avoid confusion from homonym and to clearly identify each term. For example, "Property" is specified in ISO/IEC 11179-3 as well as in ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013, but the meaning is slightly different. ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 defines FGO_Class, FGO_Property, and FGO_Relation to distinguish between components of FGO_Ontology and components of ISO/IEC 11179-3. ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 specifies the method to generate ontologies using registered concepts in ISO/IEC 11179-3 Concepts metamodel region and Data description metamodel region. ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 specifies a procedure and method for generating ontologies due to an application domain reusing concepts registered in a metadata registry. ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013 does not include a way to describe in a specific ontology description language, such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF Schema (RDFS), Web Ontology Language (OWL), Topic Map, and Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF).
Technologies de l'information —Procédures pour réaliser la consistance du contenu de l'enregistrement des métadonnées — Partie 6: Cadre pour générer des ontologies
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
20943-6
First edition
2013-11-01
Information technology — Procedures
for achieving metadata registry
content consistency —
Part 6:
Framework for generating ontologies
Technologies de l’information — Procédures pour réaliser la
consistance du contenu de l’enregistrement des métadonnées —
Partie 6: Cadre pour générer des ontologies
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2013
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 11179-3 . 1
3.2 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 19763-3 . 3
3.3 Terms defined in this part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 . 3
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Overview . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Framework . 4
5.3 Mapping model . 5
5.4 Procedure . 7
Annex A (informative) Mapping examples . 9
Bibliography .13
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind
from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it
may decide to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall
be subject to review every five years in the same manner as an International Standard.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
ISO/IEC TR 20943 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology —
Procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency:
— Part 1: Data elements
— Part 3: Value domains
— Part 5: Metadata mapping procedure
— Part 6: Framework for generating ontologies
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
Introduction
An ontology is developed for the representation of knowledge and information. By definition, it is an
explicit specification of a shared conceptualization for a domain, and describes relations between
pairs of vocabulary concepts that can be used to support reasoning about the entities that the concepts
[6]
describe. W3C developed Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL)
[7] [2]
to identify the web resources and to represent the semantics and relations. ISO/IEC 13250 also is a
standard for the representation and interchange of knowledge.
ISO/IEC 11179, Metadata registries (MDR) addresses the semantics of data, the representation of
data, and the registration of the descriptions of that data. The ISO/IEC 11179 series provides a good
introduction to metadata concepts, including a lot of insight into certain aspects of the granularity
of metadata. The ISO/IEC 11179 series contributes knowledge integrity in a large scale. In brief, the
ISO/IEC 11179 series supports semantic interoperability of data, because it provides a set of shared
vocabulary for an application domain.
The ISO/IEC 11179 series provides a way to explicitly record shared vocabulary (metadata, semantics,
or concepts) for use in describing the semantics for data within a domain. Domain specific ontologies
could be generated by reusing the metadata in the registry. It allows an ontology consisting of common
concepts to be built and facilitates usage of the ISO/IEC 11179 series.
The goal of this part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 is to provide a framework for generating ontologies based on
the ISO/IEC 11179 series. The objectives of this part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 are to promote the following:
a) the generation of ontologies consisting of well-defined concepts (i.e. well-known concepts,
generalized common concepts, and sharable concepts, which are accepted by general users as well
as domain experts);
b) support of easy and clear understanding of concepts across the same or similar application domains;
c) formalized ontology generation;
d) support of easy definition (building or generation) of ontology through reuse of metadata in a registry;
e) the enhancement of interoperability between ontologies;
f) the facilitation of use of ISO/IEC 11179 series.
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
Information technology — Procedures for achieving
metadata registry content consistency —
Part 6:
Framework for generating ontologies
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 covers the framework for generating ontologies based on ISO/IEC 11179-
3, and provides the procedure and mapping model for generating ontologies.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 describes a method to generate ontologies for a context using concepts
in ISO/IEC 11179-3. Most ontologies are basically composed of classes (concepts), properties, relations
between classes, and instances (objects or individuals). This part considers the generation of ontology
consisting of a subset of ontology components required for defining ontologies at the conceptual level
which is called “FGO_Ontology”. This part uses the prefix “FGO_” to avoid confusion from homonym and
to clearly identify each term. For example, “Property” is specified in ISO/IEC 11179-3 as well as in this
part, but the meaning is slightly different. This part defines FGO_Class, FGO_Property, and FGO_Relation
to distinguish between components of FGO_Ontology and components of ISO/IEC 11179-3.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 specifies the method to generate ontologies using registered concepts
in ISO/IEC 11179-3 Concepts metamodel region and Data description metamodel region. This part of
ISO/IEC TR 20943 specifies a procedure and method for generating ontologies due to an application
domain reusing concepts registered in a metadata registry.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 20943 does not include a way to describe in a specific ontology description
language, such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF Schema (RDFS), Web Ontology Language
(OWL), Topic Map, and Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 3: Registry metamodel
and basic attributes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 11179-3
3.1.1
class
description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships,
and semantics
Note 1 to entry: This definition is from ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 7.3.7.
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
3.1.2
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.18]
3.1.3
concept system
set of concepts (3.1.2) structured according to the relations (3.1.15) among them
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.19]
3.1.4
conceptual domain
CD
concept (3.1.2) that expresses its description or valid instance meanings
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.21]
3.1.5
data element concept
concept (3.1.2) that is an association of a property (3.1.14) with an object class (3.1.12)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.29]
3.1.6
datatype
set of distinct values, characterized by properties of those values and by operations on those values
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11404:2007, 3.12]
3.1.7
definition
representation of a concept (3.1.2) by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from
related concepts
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.3.1]
3.1.8
designation
representation of a concept (3.1.2) by a sign which denotes it
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1]
3.1.9
link
member of a relation (3.1.15)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.69]
3.1.10
metadata
data that defines and describes other data
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.74]
3.1.11
metadata registry
MDR
information system for registering metadata (3.1.10)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.78]
2 © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
3.1.12
object class
set of ideas, abstractions, or things in the real world that are identified with explicit boundaries and
meaning and whose properties and behaviour follow the same rules
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.88]
3.1.13
package
grouping of metadata (3.1.10) objects that provides a namespace for the grouped objects, and allows
them to be referenced as a group
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.1.13]
3.1.14
property
quality common to all members of an object class (3.1.12)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.100]
3.1.15
relation
sense in which concepts (3.1.2) may be connected via constituent roles
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.117]
3.1.16
relation role
role that a concept (3.1.2) plays in a relation (3.1.15)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.118]
3.2 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 19763-3
3.2.1
ontology
specification of concrete or abstract things, and the relationships among them, in a prescribed
domain of knowledge
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19763-3:2010, 3.1.1.1]
[4]
Note 1 to entry: An ontology is formal and explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation. (See Bibliography )
3.3 Terms defined in this part of ISO/IEC TR 20943
3.3.1
FGO_Class
class that refers to a general concept or a set of individual concepts
Note 1 to entry: An FGO_Class is the same with the definition of class in RDF Schema.
3.3.2
FGO_Namespace
simple method for qualifying concepts (3.1.2)
3.3.3
FGO_Ontology
ontology (3.2.1) that consists of a set of components at the conceptual level
Note 1 to entry: In this part of ISO/IEC TR 20943, the components include FGO_Namespaces, FGO_Classes, FGO_
[5]
Properties, and FGO_Relations.(see Bibliography )
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/IEC TR 20943-6:2013(E)
3.3.4
FGO_Property
quality common to all members of an FGO_Class (3.3.1)
Note 1 to entry: An FGO_Property (3.3.4) is the same meaning with the definition of a property (3.1.14).
3.3.5
FGO_Relation
relationship between FGO_Classes
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.