ISO/TS 22558:2019
(Main)Health informatics — Classification of traditional Chinese medicine data sets
Health informatics — Classification of traditional Chinese medicine data sets
This document defines the classification rules and coding scheme for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) data sets. It is applicable for investigation and management of TCM data resources as well as the description, integration, publication, index and retrieval of the TCM data sets. This document excludes the Kampo medicine .
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 22558
First edition
2019-07
Health informatics — Classification of
traditional Chinese medicine data sets
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification scheme and coding scheme . 3
4.1 Classifying and coding Principle . 3
4.1.1 Scientificity . 3
4.1.2 Systematicness . 3
4.1.3 Scalability . 3
4.1.4 Practicability . 3
4.2 Classification scheme . 3
4.3 Coding scheme . 3
5 Classification and code list . 4
5.1 TCM label . 4
5.2 Creator type . 4
5.3 Data source type . 4
5.4 Subject type . 5
6 Examples for classifying and coding . 7
Annex A (informative) Use case analysis . 9
Bibliography .14
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
With the application of information technology to traditional Chinese medicine, the collections of data
produced in TCM clinical practice, scientific research, administrative management and other activities
involved in TCM are increasingly rich. The data come from various organizations including hospitals,
institutions, universities, enterprises and governments, etc. The data range from ancient times to the
present. Classification should be established to give better management of these data sets, including
the processing, integration, indexing and storage of data resources. Classification of traditional Chinese
medicine data sets is a prerequisite and is vitally important in data retrieval, sharing and exchange.
Making use of this classification and coding rules, traditional Chinese medicine data sets with the
same features can be classified together, while those without any similarity can be kept separate. Thus,
the data sets of traditional Chinese medicine can be managed effectively and accessed according to
various retrieval approaches, which is beneficial for highly efficient query services. The order of all the
classifications and codes in this standard only label their position in the classification system, and is
not related to the importance.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22558:2019(E)
Health informatics — Classification of traditional Chinese
medicine data sets
1 Scope
This document defines the classification rules and coding scheme for traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM) data sets. It is applicable for investigation and management of TCM data resources as well as the
description, integration, publication, index and retrieval of the TCM data sets.
This document excludes the Kampo medicine .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 2: Classification
ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, Information technology — Metadata Registries Interoperability and Bindings
(MDR-IB) — Part 1: Framework, common vocabulary, and common provisions for conformance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 11179-2, ISO/IEC 20944-1
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
data set
identifiable collection of data
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3]
3.2
traditional Chinese medicine
traditional medicine that originated in China, and is characterized by holism and treatment based on
pattern identification/syndrome differentiation
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 17938:2014, 2.1]
3.3
classification
exhaustive set of mutually exclusive categories to aggregate data at a pre-prescribed level of
specialization for a specific purpose
[SOURCE: ISO 17115:2007, 2.7.1]
3.4
hierarchical classification
classification of objects using hierarchical taxonomy. Hierarchical classification systems are developed
classes that are subdivided from the most general subject to the most specific
[SOURCE: Reitz, Joan M. (2004). Dictionary for library and information science. Westport, CT: Libraries
Unlimited]
3.5
faceted classification
system that allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to
be ordered in multiple ways, rather than in a single, pre-determined, taxonomic order
Note 1 to entry: Faceted classification may actually employ hierarchy in one or more of its facets. Faceted
classification systems allow the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, and enable those
classifications to be applied by searchers in multiple ways, rather than in a single, predetermined order.
[SOURCE: Lambert M. Surhone, et al.(2010). Faceted Classification, Betascript Publishing, ISBN: 978 -613
-1 -40654 -6, modified]
3.6
facet
grouping of concepts of the same inherent category
Note 1 to entry: A facet comprises “clearly defined, mutually exclusive, and collectively exhaustive aspects,
properties or characteristics of a class or specific subject”.
[SOURCE: ISO 25964-1:2011, 2.20, modified]
3.7
classification scheme
descriptive information for an arrangement or division of objects into groups based on characteristics
which the objects have in common
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, 3.2]
3.8
coded set
set of elements that is mapped onto another set according to a code
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.2]
3.9
code set
code element set
result of applying a code to all elements of a coded set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.4]
3.10
code value
result of applying a code to an element of a coded set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.3]
3.11
coding scheme
collection of rules that maps the elements of coded set onto the elements of code set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.1, modified]
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
4 Classification scheme and coding scheme
4.1 Classifying and coding Principle
4.1.1 Scientificity
TCM data sets include the collection of various data recorded in TCM activities such as clinical practice,
scientific experiments, literature resources digitalization and statistic data report, etc. The most
stable and essential properties or characteristics of TCM data sets should be identified as the basis of
classification.
4.1.2 Systematicness
The attributes or characteristics of TCM data sets are systematically arranged according to internal
relations to ensure reasonable categories, clear hierarchy and reduced redundancy. Classification
should put the partial problems into the system as a whole from the point of view of system engineering
to achieve system optimization.
4.1.3 Scalability
The categories are set up to ensure that the established classification system will not be disturbed
when a new code element and code value was added. The classification codes allow sufficient space
for expansion for the subordinate information management system which is built based on this
classification system.
4.1.4 Practicability
The classification and codes should satisfy the requirement of simple, clear and ease of use, and conform
to the common sense of the users.
4.2 Classification scheme
Hierarchical classification and faceted classification were combined together in this standard in order
to fully reveal the feature of TCM data sets. A TCM data set can be classified into different kinds of
types by data creator type, data source type and subject type, and each kind of type which is a ‘facet’
can be combined together to a n
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 22558
First edition
2019-07
Health informatics — Classification of
traditional Chinese medicine data sets
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification scheme and coding scheme . 3
4.1 Classifying and coding Principle . 3
4.1.1 Scientificity . 3
4.1.2 Systematicness . 3
4.1.3 Scalability . 3
4.1.4 Practicability . 3
4.2 Classification scheme . 3
4.3 Coding scheme . 3
5 Classification and code list . 4
5.1 TCM label . 4
5.2 Creator type . 4
5.3 Data source type . 4
5.4 Subject type . 5
6 Examples for classifying and coding . 7
Annex A (informative) Use case analysis . 9
Bibliography .14
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
With the application of information technology to traditional Chinese medicine, the collections of data
produced in TCM clinical practice, scientific research, administrative management and other activities
involved in TCM are increasingly rich. The data come from various organizations including hospitals,
institutions, universities, enterprises and governments, etc. The data range from ancient times to the
present. Classification should be established to give better management of these data sets, including
the processing, integration, indexing and storage of data resources. Classification of traditional Chinese
medicine data sets is a prerequisite and is vitally important in data retrieval, sharing and exchange.
Making use of this classification and coding rules, traditional Chinese medicine data sets with the
same features can be classified together, while those without any similarity can be kept separate. Thus,
the data sets of traditional Chinese medicine can be managed effectively and accessed according to
various retrieval approaches, which is beneficial for highly efficient query services. The order of all the
classifications and codes in this standard only label their position in the classification system, and is
not related to the importance.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22558:2019(E)
Health informatics — Classification of traditional Chinese
medicine data sets
1 Scope
This document defines the classification rules and coding scheme for traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM) data sets. It is applicable for investigation and management of TCM data resources as well as the
description, integration, publication, index and retrieval of the TCM data sets.
This document excludes the Kampo medicine .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 2: Classification
ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, Information technology — Metadata Registries Interoperability and Bindings
(MDR-IB) — Part 1: Framework, common vocabulary, and common provisions for conformance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 11179-2, ISO/IEC 20944-1
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
data set
identifiable collection of data
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3]
3.2
traditional Chinese medicine
traditional medicine that originated in China, and is characterized by holism and treatment based on
pattern identification/syndrome differentiation
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 17938:2014, 2.1]
3.3
classification
exhaustive set of mutually exclusive categories to aggregate data at a pre-prescribed level of
specialization for a specific purpose
[SOURCE: ISO 17115:2007, 2.7.1]
3.4
hierarchical classification
classification of objects using hierarchical taxonomy. Hierarchical classification systems are developed
classes that are subdivided from the most general subject to the most specific
[SOURCE: Reitz, Joan M. (2004). Dictionary for library and information science. Westport, CT: Libraries
Unlimited]
3.5
faceted classification
system that allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to
be ordered in multiple ways, rather than in a single, pre-determined, taxonomic order
Note 1 to entry: Faceted classification may actually employ hierarchy in one or more of its facets. Faceted
classification systems allow the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, and enable those
classifications to be applied by searchers in multiple ways, rather than in a single, predetermined order.
[SOURCE: Lambert M. Surhone, et al.(2010). Faceted Classification, Betascript Publishing, ISBN: 978 -613
-1 -40654 -6, modified]
3.6
facet
grouping of concepts of the same inherent category
Note 1 to entry: A facet comprises “clearly defined, mutually exclusive, and collectively exhaustive aspects,
properties or characteristics of a class or specific subject”.
[SOURCE: ISO 25964-1:2011, 2.20, modified]
3.7
classification scheme
descriptive information for an arrangement or division of objects into groups based on characteristics
which the objects have in common
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, 3.2]
3.8
coded set
set of elements that is mapped onto another set according to a code
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.2]
3.9
code set
code element set
result of applying a code to all elements of a coded set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.4]
3.10
code value
result of applying a code to an element of a coded set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.3]
3.11
coding scheme
collection of rules that maps the elements of coded set onto the elements of code set
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013, 3.7.2.1, modified]
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
4 Classification scheme and coding scheme
4.1 Classifying and coding Principle
4.1.1 Scientificity
TCM data sets include the collection of various data recorded in TCM activities such as clinical practice,
scientific experiments, literature resources digitalization and statistic data report, etc. The most
stable and essential properties or characteristics of TCM data sets should be identified as the basis of
classification.
4.1.2 Systematicness
The attributes or characteristics of TCM data sets are systematically arranged according to internal
relations to ensure reasonable categories, clear hierarchy and reduced redundancy. Classification
should put the partial problems into the system as a whole from the point of view of system engineering
to achieve system optimization.
4.1.3 Scalability
The categories are set up to ensure that the established classification system will not be disturbed
when a new code element and code value was added. The classification codes allow sufficient space
for expansion for the subordinate information management system which is built based on this
classification system.
4.1.4 Practicability
The classification and codes should satisfy the requirement of simple, clear and ease of use, and conform
to the common sense of the users.
4.2 Classification scheme
Hierarchical classification and faceted classification were combined together in this standard in order
to fully reveal the feature of TCM data sets. A TCM data set can be classified into different kinds of
types by data creator type, data source type and subject type, and each kind of type which is a ‘facet’
can be combined together to a n
...
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