ISO/FDIS 18997
(Main)Water reuse in urban areas — Guidelines for urban reclaimed water for landscaping uses
Water reuse in urban areas — Guidelines for urban reclaimed water for landscaping uses
This International Standard is intended to standardize the implementation of reclaimed water for scenic environmental uses by regulating the water quality and quantity, guiding the progress of planning, operating, and management. This International Standard is applicable to practitioners and regulatory authorities who propose to implement principles and guidelines on the implementation of reclaimed water for scenic environmental uses, which aims to achieve a safe, stable, and efficient utilities of reclaimed water. This International Standard presents: 1. Introduction 2. Scope of the guidelines 3. Normative references 4. Terms and definitions 5. General requirements 6. Requirements of water quantity 7. Requirements of water quality 8. Additional treatment 9. General management 10. Emergency response 11. Others
Recyclage des eaux dans les zones urbaines — Lignes directrices relatives à l'eau réutiisée urbaine pour l'aménagement paysager
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FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 282/SC 2
Water reuse in urban areas —
Secretariat: SAC
Guidelines for urban reclaimed
Voting begins on:
water for landscaping uses
2025-05-09
Voting terminates on:
2025-07-04
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 282/SC 2
Water reuse in urban areas —
Secretariat: SAC
Guidelines for urban reclaimed
Voting begins on:
water for landscaping uses
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 General recommendations . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Safety.3
5.3 Ecological rationale .3
5.4 Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions . . .4
5.5 Aesthetic considerations .4
6 Hydraulic design considerations . 4
6.1 General .4
6.2 Assessment of reclaimed water quantity .4
6.3 Hydraulic retention time (HRT) .5
6.4 Flow pattern .5
6.5 Input point of reclaimed water .6
7 Water quality considerations . 6
7.1 General .6
7.2 Routine water quality parameters .6
7.3 Specific water quality parameters.7
8 Supplemental treatment . . 8
8.1 General .8
8.2 Decolourisation .8
8.3 Disinfection .8
8.4 Odour removal .8
8.5 Turbidity removal .9
8.6 Nutrients removal.9
8.7 Other supplemental treatments .9
8.8 Practice considerations for treatment selection and operation .9
9 Management . 9
9.1 General .9
9.2 Management of water quality and quantity .9
9.3 Notice .9
10 Emergency response plan . 10
Annex A (informative) Examples of monitoring parameters for landscape water reuse .11
Annex B (informative) Actual examples of reclaimed water for landscaping uses .12
Bibliography .13
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 2, Water
reuse in urban areas.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
As population increases, urbanization, industrialization, and climate change are intensifying water scarcity,
water reuse presents an effective solution to the pressing issue of severe water shortages. In many regions,
reclaimed water has emerged as an important alternative water resource for sustainable socio-economic
development. Landscaping use is one of the major applications of water reuses in many regions, because
it not only alleviates water shortages, but it can also maintain ecological flow and improve local aquatic
environment and ecosystem.
The landscaping use of reclaimed water includes urban stream flow augmentation (e.g. rivers and lakes),
aesthetic impoundments and wetlands replenishment. The benefits include ensuring ecological flow
to prevent urban rivers and lakes from drought, recovering natural assets, expanding the size of aquatic
habitat, and improving urban aquatic spaces and scenery.
Despite the advantages of landscaping with reclaimed water, challenges can arise if the design, construction,
and management of reuse projects are inappropriate. Compared with traditional water sources, reclaimed
water can have variations in composition depending on the season, and to some extent it can contain
pharmaceutical and personal care products which can pose potential risks to human health and the aquatic
environment. Therefore, the risk associated with reclaimed water should be controlled in terms of water
quality and quantity. Guidelines for water quality and quantity should be developed to ensure the safe,
stable, and efficient use of reclaimed water.
This guideline is developed for the landscaping use of reclaimed water. It provides professional guidance
to ensure the safe, stable, and efficient application of reclaime
...
ISO/DISFDIS 18997:2025(en)
ISO/TC 282/SC 2
Secretariat: SAC
Date: 2025-02-2704-25
Water reuse in urban areas ‒ — Guidelines for the urban reclaimed
water for landscaping uses
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 18997:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 General recommendations . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Safety . 3
5.3 Ecological rationale . 4
5.4 Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions . 4
5.5 Aesthetic considerations . 4
6 Hydraulic design considerations . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Assessment of reclaimed water quantity . 5
6.3 Hydraulic retention time (HRT) . 5
6.4 Flow pattern . 6
6.5 Input point of reclaimed water . 7
7 Water quality considerations . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Routine water quality parameters . 7
7.3 Specific water quality parameters . 9
8 Supplemental treatment . 9
8.1 General . 9
8.2 Decolourisation . 9
8.3 Disinfection . 10
8.4 Odour removal . 10
8.5 Turbidity removal . 10
8.6 Nutrients removal . 10
8.7 Other supplemental treatments . 11
8.8 Practice considerations for treatment selection and operation. 11
9 Management . 11
9.1 General . 11
9.2 Management of water quality and quantity . 11
9.3 Notice . 11
10 Emergency response plan . 12
Annex A (informative) Examples of monitoring parameters for landscape water reuse . 13
Annex B (informative) Actual examples of reclaimed water for landscaping uses . 14
Bibliography . 15
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is anworldwidea worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity, or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO'sISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee [or Project Committee] ISO/TC 282, Water reuse,
Subcommittee SC 2, Water reuse in urban areas.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 18997:2025(en)
Introduction
As population increases, urbanization, industrialization, and climate change are intensifying water scarcity,
water reuse presents an effective solution to the pressing issue of severe water shortages. In many regions,
reclaimed water has emerged as an important alternative water resource for sustainable socio-economic
development. Landscaping use is one of the major applications of water reuses in many regions, because it not
only alleviates water shortages, but it can also maintain ecological flow andimproveand improve local aquatic
environment and ecosystem.
The landscaping use of reclaimed water includes urban stream flow augmentation (e.g. rivers and lakes),
aesthetic impoundments and wetlands replenishment. The benefits include ensuring ecological flow to
prevent urban rivers and lakes from drought, recovering natural assets, expanding the size of aquatic habitat,
and improving urban aquatic spaces and scenery.
AlthoughDespite the advantages of landscaping with reclaimed water, challenges can arise if the design,
construction, and management of reuse projects are inappropriate. Compared with traditional water sources,
reclaimed water can have variations in composition depending on the season, and to some extent it can
contain pharmaceutical and personal care products which can pose potential risks to human health and the
aquatic environment. Therefore, the risk associated with reclaimed water should be controlled in terms of
water quality and quantity. Guidelines for water quality and quantity should be developed to ensure the safe,
stable, and efficient use of reclaimed water.
This guideline is developed for the landscaping use of reclaimed water. It provides professional guidance to
ensure the safe, stable, and efficient application of reclaimed water for landscaping, addressing water quantity,
quality recommendations, supplemental treatments, and management practices. Utilizing reclaimed water for
non-potable use, such as landscaping, is a win-win situation.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 18997:2025(en)
Water reuse in urban areas ‒ — Guidelines for the urban reclaimed
water for landscaping uses
1 Scope
This document provides a guideline that for good design and practice for the urban reclaimed water that
recharges into landscape water, including urban stream flow (e.g. rivers and lakes), aesthetic impoundments
and wetlands replenishment, namely ensuring the support of aquatic ecosystem. This document covers urban
stream flow and leisure with possible incidental body contact. It does not includecover urban irrigation, such
as the irrigation of elements of the natural environment, urban public areas, or residential areas. Thus, this
guideline includes urban stream flow and leisure with possible incidental body contact.It does not cover the
cultivation of aquatic plants or animals for food purposes, including their sale.
This document provides :
— recommendations for reclaimed water for landscaping uses, including those for planning, design,
management, and maintenance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
the requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20670, Water reuse — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
[1]
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20670 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
landscaping use of reclaimed water
practice of using reclaimed water for landscaping purposes, including urban stream flow (3.7) augmentation
(e.g. rivers and lakes), aesthetic impoundments (3.2(3.2)) and wetlands replenishment (3.4(3.3))
3.2 3.2
aesthetic impoundment
landscape water area with facilities where recreation is the primary use and people do not have direct body
contact (3.6contacts (3.6) with water, such as landscape areas in streams, rivers, lakes, and artificial aquatic
areas) with water
3.3EXAMPLE Landscape areas in streams, rivers, lakes, and artificial aquatic areas.
3.3
aesthetic wetland
wetland that have been constructed or restored to enhance urban landscapes, and do not include wetlands
that treat wastewater from sewage or wastewater treatment plants
3.4 3.4
wetlands replenishment
replenishment of aquatic areas to provide landscape use and/or to provide support for ecosystem life, or both
3.63.5 3.5
photoreactivation
phenomenon by wh
...
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