ISO 21214:2006
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Infra-red systems
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Infra-red systems
ISO 21214:2006 determines the air interface using infra-red systems at 820 nm to 1 010 nm. It provides protocols and parameters for medium-range, medium- to high-speed wireless communications in the ITS sector using infra-red systems. Such links are required for quasi-continuous, prolonged or short communications between vehicles and the roadside, between vehicles, and between mobile equipment and fixed infrastructure points, over medium and long ranges. Vehicles may be moving or stationary. Wherever practicable, ISO 21214:2006 has been developed by reference to suitable extant International Standards, adopted by selection. Required regional variations are provided. Due account is given to, and use made of, any relevant parts of appropriate communications systems, such as global positioning systems (GPS), digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting (DVB), radio local area networks (RLANs), digital data broadcasting (DDB), TETRA, FM subcarrier, mobile broadband systems (MBS, W-ATM), internet protocols, and dedicated short range communication (DSRC). ISO 21214:2006 supports data rates of 1 Mbit/s up to 128 Mbit/s (it may support higher data rates); supports vehicle speeds up to a minimum of 200 km/h (closing speeds could be double this value); defines or references environmental parameters relevant to link operation; supports communication distances up to 100 m (it may support longer communication distances of 300 m to 1 000 m); supports latencies and communication delays in the order of milliseconds; is compliant to regional/national regulatory parameters; may support other regional/national parameters as applicable. Application-specific requirements are outside the scope of ISO 21214:2006. These requirements will be defined in the CALM management and upper layer standards and in application standards. Application-specific upper layers are not included in ISO 21214:2006, but will be driven by application standards (which may not be technology specific).
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — Systèmes à infrarouges
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21214
First edition
2006-07-01
Intelligent transport systems —
Continuous air interface, long and
medium range (CALM) — Infra-red
systems
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Interface d'air continue, gamme
longue et moyenne (CALM) — Systèmes à infrarouges
Reference number
ISO 21214:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
Dedication
Exceptionally this International Standard is dedicated to the late Dipl. Ing. Helmut Strasser in grateful
recognition of his leadership as the editor and project leader of ISO 21214, and for his commitment and
services over more than a decade to meet the challenges of international standardization in the rapidly
changing arena of ITS technology.
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
Contents Page
Dedication . iii
Foreword. vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Optical parmeters. 4
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 8
6 Requirements: transmitter and receiver parameters . 10
6.1 Transmitter wavelengths and bandwidths . 10
6.2 Radiated power . 10
6.2.1 Radiated power limits . 10
6.2.2 Transmitter classes . 11
6.3 Receiver wavelengths and bandwidths. 11
6.4 Receiver class . 12
7 Modulation and coding. 13
7.1 Generic modulation parameters. 13
7.1.1 Wake-up signal. 13
7.1.2 Transmitter generic modulation parameters. 13
7.1.3 Receiver generic modulation parameters . 13
7.2 Communications profiles . 13
7.3 Profile 0 (base profile) and profile 1 (default profile) modulation. 14
7.4 Profiles 2 to 6. 15
8 Directivity and communication zones . 16
8.1 Directivity parameters . 16
8.2 Communication zones. 17
8.2.1 Basic beam . 17
8.2.2 Communication zone construction. 17
8.2.3 Communication zone shortcuts . 18
9 Frames and windows. 20
9.1 General structure . 20
9.2 Frame. 20
9.2.1 Frame structure. 20
9.2.2 Frame synchronisation signal (F-Sync). 21
9.3 Windows. 21
9.3.1 Window structure and types. 21
9.3.2 Window synchronisation (W-Sync). 22
9.3.3 Management window . 22
9.3.4 Private window . 24
9.3.5 Broadcast window . 25
9.3.6 Multicast window . 26
9.3.7 Spare window . 27
9.3.8 Compatibility window . 27
9.3.9 Wake-up window . 27
9.4 Command alert (CA) . 27
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
9.5 Summary. 29
10 MAC commands. 31
10.1 General. 31
10.2 MAC commands related to the frame and window organisation. 31
10.2.1 frame organisation table (MC-FOT). 31
10.2.2 When generated . 32
10.2.3 Effect on receipt. 32
10.2.4 frame organisation table update (MC-FOT U) . 33
10.2.5 frame organisation table steady (MC-FOT S). 34
10.2.6 Broadcast (MC-BRC) . 34
10.2.7 Re-establish session (MC-REST) . 35
10.2.8 Session re-establishment confirmed (MC-RESC) . 35
10.2.9 Session re-establishment denied (MC-RESD) . 36
10.2.10 Kill all (MC-KIA) . 36
10.2.11 Kill slave (MC-KIS) . 37
10.2.12 De-register (MC-DREG) . 37
10.2.13 Suspend all (MC-SUA). 38
10.2.14 Suspend slave (MC-SUS) . 39
10.2.15 Free airtime (MC-FAT) . 39
10.3 MAC commands related to flow control. 40
10.3.1 Command not supported (MC-CNS) . 40
10.3.2 Token (MC-TKN). 40
10.3.3 Block start (MC-BLS). 41
10.3.4 Control channel block start (MC-CCBS). 41
10.3.5 IEEE-frame block start (MC-FBS). 42
10.3.6 Start of MAC control block (MC-SMC) . 42
10.3.7 Packet start (MC-PAS). 43
10.3.8 Packet end (MC-PAE) . 43
10.3.9 Block end (MC-BLE) . 44
10.3.10 Transmission acknowledged (MC-TAck). 44
10.3.11 Transmission acknowledged & (MC-TAck&) . 45
10.3.12 Transmission not acknowledged (MC-TNAck) . 45
10.3.13 Transmission not acknowledged & (MC-TNAck&) . 46
10.3.14 Retransmission request (MC-RTQ). 46
10.3.15 Block acknowledge (MC-BAck) . 47
10.4 MAC commands related to the registration process . 47
10.4.1 Registration enable (MC-REN). 47
10.4.2 Registration request (MC-RRQ). 48
10.4.3 Identifier request (MC-IDQ) . 49
10.4.4 Identifier response (MC-IDP) . 49
10.4.5 Registration confirmation (MC-REC) . 50
10.5 MAC commands related to the physical layer parameters. 50
10.5.1 Profiles request (MC-PRQ). 50
10.5.2 Profiles response (MC-PRP) . 51
10.5.3 Request new profile (MC-RNP). 52
10.5.4 Set profile (MC-SPR). 52
10.5.5 Set profile confirmation (MC-SPC). 53
10.5.6 Set multicast profile (MC-SMP) . 53
10.6 MAC commands related to test and services . 54
10.6.1 Status request 1 (MC-SRQ1). 54
10.6.2 Status request 2 (MC-SRQ2). 55
10.6.3 Status request 3 (MC-SRQ3). 56
10.6.4 Status request 4 (MC-SRQ4). 56
10.6.5 Status response 1 (MC-SR1). 57
10.6.6 Status response 2 (MC-SR2). 58
10.6.7 Status response 3 (MC-SR3). 59
10.6.8 Status response 4 (MC-SR4). 60
10.6.9 Echo alert (MC-EA) . 61
10.6.10 Echo request (MC-ERQ) . 62
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
10.6.11 Echo (MC-ECH). 62
10.7 MAC command set overview . 63
11 Registration procedure. 66
11.1 General . 66
11.2 Normal registration procedure . 66
11.3 Sequence of the registration procedure without collision . 67
11.4 Sequence of the registration procedure with collision. 67
11.4.1 Both signals appear with equal signal strength . 67
11.4.2 Both signals appear with different signal strength . 68
11.4.3 Identical TempIDs .68
11.5 Handover and re-registration. 68
11.5.1 Cancel TempID . 69
11.5.2 Advise adjacent masters. 69
11.6 Registration process timers. 69
12 Window management . 70
12.1 General . 70
12.2 Window allocation by frame organisation tables . 70
12.3 Spare windows . 70
12.4 Windows for isochronous services . 71
13 Infra-red management entity. 72
13.1 General . 72
13.2 MAC command not supported. 72
13.3 Communication profiles . 72
13.4 Equipment status . 72
13.5 Testing. 72
13.6 Registration . 72
13.7 Session management . 73
13.8 Communication . 73
13.8.1 Organisation of IR communication . 73
13.8.2 Unique block number reference . 74
13.9 Window management . 74
13.10 MAC tunnel . 74
14 Adaptation. 75
14.1 Architecture . 75
14.2 IR-CAL . 75
14.2.1 Communication SAP. 75
14.2.2 Communication types. 76
14.2.3 WLAN functionality . 77
14.2.4 MAC addresses . 79
14.2.5 Fragmentation and defragmentation . 80
14.3 IR-MAE. 80
15 Adoption of other standards and internationally adopted practices. 81
16 Marking and labelling . 82
17 Declaration of patents and Intellectual Property . 83
Annex A (normative) Coding and error correction of profiles 0 and 1 and of commands . 86
Annex B (normative) Coding and modulation of profiles 2 to 6 . 88
Annex C (informative) Link power budget . 95
Annex D (informative) Link directivity considerations . 101
Annex E (informative) Compatibility of CALM and non-CALM infra-red systems . 103
Bibliography . 106
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21214 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO 21214:2006(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is part of a family of International Standards for CALM (continuous air interface,
long and medium range) which determine a common architecture, network protocols and air-interface
definitions for wireless communications using cellular second generation, cellular third generation, 5 GHz,
millimetre, and infra-red communications. Other air interfaces may be added at a later date. These air
interfaces are designed to provide parameters and protocols for broadcast, point/point, vehicle/vehicle, and
vehicle/point communications in the ITS sector.
This International Standard determines the air interface using infra-red systems operating in the wavelength
range at 850 nm.
The fast movement of information across the longer distances using wireless technology is functionally very
different from the requirements definition for dedicated short range communication (DSRC). High volumes of
data are required for purposes such as traffic information and management, video downloads to vehicles for
tourist information and entertainment and navigation system updates, etc.
In order to support such services, transmitters need to be able to operate over long or medium range, and to
be able to hand over a session from one transmitter to another.
These International Standards are designed to enable quasi-continuous communications, or communications
of protracted duration, between vehicles and service providers, or between vehicles. As such they are
complementary to dedicated short range, single point, technologies standardised in various regions of the
world.
The CALM concept supports multiple bearer types (such as cellular, microwave, infra-red), where an option is
proposed to offer user selection of preferred media, and to enable resumption of session interruptions
(whether to change bearer media, service provider, or because of signal interruption or interference).
Some applications will have the requirement that communication sessions set up in a first communication
zone may be continued in following communication zones; therefore “handover mechanisms” are included.
Handover mechanisms need to be defined at two levels:
⎯ Firstly, handover mechanisms within the same technology and service provider. These handover
mechanisms are defined within the frequency-specific CALM International Standards.
⎯ Secondly, handover mechanisms at the application level, for use where either the technology or the
service provider changes. These handover mechanisms will be defined within the CALM architecture
International Standard (ISO 21217),
...
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