ISO 12110-1:2013
(Main)Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Variable amplitude fatigue testing — Part 1: General principles, test method and reporting requirements
Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Variable amplitude fatigue testing — Part 1: General principles, test method and reporting requirements
ISO 12110-1:2013 establishes general principles for fatigue testing of laboratory specimens under a sequence of cycles the amplitude of which varies from cycle to cycle. This sequence of cycles is called loading time history (see 3.7) and is usually derived from loading measurements performed on components or structures submitted to true service loadings. Detailed description of service loads recording is relevant to each laboratory or industrial sector and is therefore outside the scope of ISO 12110-1:2013. The aim of the two parts of ISO 12110 is to set requirements and give some guidance on how to perform a variable amplitude fatigue test in order to produce consistent results for comparison purposes taking into account the typical scatter of fatigue data. Achieving this should help designers to correlate models and experimental data obtained from various sources. Since ISO 12110-1:2013 involves mainly loading time histories and control signal generation, one expects it might be applied to strain or fatigue crack growth rate controlled loading conditions as well as to force-controlled loading conditions. This is theoretically true but precautions may be taken when applying this document to loading modes other than force-controlled loading mode. ISO 12110-1:2013 relates to variable amplitude loading under force control mode which corresponds to most of the variable amplitude fatigue tests performed worldwide at the date of publication. ISO 12110-1:2013 applies to the single actuator loading mode which corresponds to uniaxial loading in many cases. The variable amplitude loading time histories referred in this document are deterministic; that is why ISO 12110-1:2013 deals with variable amplitude loading instead of random loading. The following issues are not within the scope of ISO 12110-1:2013 and therefore will not be addressed: constant amplitude tests with isolated overloads or underloads; tests on large components or structures;environmental effects like corrosion, creep linked to temperature/time interactions leading to frequency and waveform effects; multiaxial loading.
Matériaux métalliques — Essais de fatigue — Essais sous amplitude variable — Partie 1: Principes généraux, méthode d'essai et exigences sur le rapport d'essai
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12110-1
First edition
2013-07-01
Metallic materials — Fatigue testing —
Variable amplitude fatigue testing —
Part 1:
General principles, test method and
reporting requirements
Matériaux métalliques — Essais de fatigue — Essais sous
amplitude variable —
Partie 1: Principes généraux, méthode d’essai et exigences sur le
rapport d’essai
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
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ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle of test . 4
4.1 Control signal generation. 4
4.2 Overview of test procedure . 4
5 Original loading time history . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Data filtering . 5
6 Loading time history description . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Time history sequences description . 6
6.3 Cycle counting description . 6
7 Programmed blocks . 7
8 Transition matrix and generation of control signal from the matrix .7
8.1 Establishment of the matrix . 7
8.2 Reconstruction of the loading signal . 8
8.3 Control signal simplification . 9
9 Conducting fatigue testing under variable amplitude conditions .9
10 Test report for each individual specimen .10
10.1 General .10
10.2 Original loading description .10
10.3 Testing conditions .10
10.4 Preliminary analysis of test data for each specimen and for a series of specimens .12
Annex A (informative) Standard loading time histories .18
Annex B (informative) Example of loading signal reconstruction by random draw in the
transition matrix .19
Annex C (informative) Preliminary analysis of test data on a single specimen .21
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee
SC 5, Fatigue testing.
ISO 12110 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials — Fatigue testing —
Variable amplitude fatigue testing:
— Part 1: General principles, test method and reporting requirements
— Part 2: Cycle counting and related data reduction methods
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12110-1:2013(E)
Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Variable amplitude
fatigue testing —
Part 1:
General principles, test method and reporting requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12110 establishes general principles for fatigue testing of laboratory specimens under a
sequence of cycles the amplitude of which varies from cycle to cycle.
This sequence of cycles is called loading time history (see 3.7) and is usually derived from loading
measurements performed on components or structures submitted to true service loadings.
Detailed description of service loads recording is relevant to each laboratory or industrial sector and is
therefore outside the scope of this part of ISO 12110.
The aim of the two parts of ISO 12110 is to set requirements and give some guidance on how to perform
a variable amplitude fatigue test in order to produce consistent results for comparison purposes taking
into account the typical scatter of fatigue data. Achieving this should help designers to correlate models
and experimental data obtained from various sources.
Since this part of ISO 12110 involves mainly loading time histories and control signal generation, one
expects it might be applied to strain or fatigue crack growth rate controlled loading conditions as well
as to force-controlled loading conditions. This is theoretically true but precautions may be taken when
applying this part of ISO 12110 to loading modes other than force-controlled loading mode.
This part of ISO 12110 relates to variable amplitude loading under force control mode which corresponds
to most of the variable amplitude fatigue tests performed worldwide at the date of publication of this
part of ISO 12110.
This part of ISO 12110 applies to the single actuator loading mode which corresponds to uniaxial loading
in many cases.
The variable amplitude loading time histories referred in this part of ISO 12110 are deterministic; that
is why this part of ISO 12110 deals with variable amplitude loading instead of random loading.
The following issues are not within the scope of this part of ISO 12110 and therefore will not be addressed.
— constant amplitude tests with isolated overloads or underloads;
— tests on large components or structures;
— environmental effects like corrosion, creep linked to temperature/time interactions leading to
frequency and waveform effects;
— multiaxial loading.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1099, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial force-controlled method
ISO 12106, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial-strain-controlled method
ISO 12107, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Statistical planning and analysis of data
ISO 12108, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Fatigue crack growth method
ISO 23788, Metallic materials — Verification of the alignment of fatigue testing machines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1099, ISO 12106, ISO 12107,
and ISO 12108 and the following apply.
3.1
cumulative frequency diagram
histogram showing the cumulative occurrence of each cycle since the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: The cumulative frequency diagram is also called cumulative spectrum or cumulative distribution.
3.2
cycle
smallest segment of the force-time, stress-time, or strain-time, or another signal that is applied to the
specimen, which is repeated periodically under constant amplitude fatigue loading
Note 1 to entry: In variable amplitude loading, the definition of cycle varies with the counting method used.
3.3
cycle counting method
method to count the number of cycles of a loading time history of a given length
3.4
loading
generic term designating varying force, strain, or any other controlling variable applied to a specimen
Note 1 to entry: The present standard refers mostly to controlled force loading mode.
3.5
loading distribution
simple or cumulative distribution of load cycle ranges
Note 1 to entry: The loading distribution is the result of a statistical treatment of a record of true service loading or
is a typical distribution specific to an industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading distribution applies
for load/stress control mode as well as strain control mode and other loading modes.
Note 2 to entry: The loading distribution is often called “loading spectrum”. Nevertheless, the word spectrum
shall be avoided since it means a loading description in the frequency domain.
3.6
loading histogram
simple or cumulative histogram of load cycle ranges
Note 1 to entry: The loading histogram is the result of a statistical treatment of a record of true service loading
or is a typical distribution specific to an industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading histogram applies
for load/stress control mode as well as strain control mode and other loading modes.
Note 2 to entry: The loading histogram is often called “loading spectrum”. Nevertheless, the word spectrum shall
be avoided since it means a loading description in the frequency domain.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
3.7
loading time history
sequence of load cycles the amplitude of which varies from one cycle to the next
Note 1 to entry: The loading time history is a record of true service loading or is a typical sequence specific to an
industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading time history applies for load/stress control mode as well
as strain control mode and other loading modes.
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