ISO/TR 18930:2001
(Main)Imaging materials — Protocols for outdoor weathering experiments
Imaging materials — Protocols for outdoor weathering experiments
Matériaux pour l'image — Protocoles pour expériences de temps en extérieur
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 18930
First edition
2001-06-01
Imaging materials — Protocols for outdoor
weathering experiments
Matériaux pour l'image — Protocoles pour expériences de temps en
extérieur
Reference number
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 References.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Specimen preparation .2
4.1 General.2
4.2 Size and mounting of specimens.2
4.3 Number of specimens .2
4.4 Virgin specimens .3
4.5 Identification of specimens .3
5 Simulation of use conditions.3
5.1 General.3
5.2 Billboards .3
5.3 Other applications .3
5.4 Laminates and encapsulation .3
5.5 Environmental factors.4
5.6 Testing time consideration.4
6 Accelerated weathering versus actual weathering .4
6.1 Outdoor exposure.4
6.2 Weatherometers.4
7 Data to request from the testing service.4
7.1 Measurements and observations.4
7.2 Endpoint .5
7.3 Environmental data.5
8 Reporting of data .5
Annex A Locations of outdoor weathering services.6
Bibliography.7
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least seventy-five percent of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for example), it may decide by a simple majority
vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature
and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Technical Report may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 18930 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
iv © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
Introduction
A new application for imaging materials is opening up with the appearance of water and light-resistant ink-jet inks
and substrates. This is the outdoor market, with signage being the predominant use.
Materials need to survive typical climate conditions for several years in order to be effective in this market. To test
this requirement, it is common to send materials to an outdoor weathering site or to simulate outdoor conditions
with an appropriate "weatherometer." Outdoor testing sites, known to this committee at the time of publication, are
listedinannex A.
Recommendations in this Technical Report are based on the outdoor weathering experiences of the members of
the committee that prepared this document. The report does not attempt to standardize procedures, such as that
for washing the specimens. Although this is an important factor and different washing procedures may cause
different results, this sort of decision is best left to the experimenter. It should be stressed that procedures such as
washing are listed in clause 8 on data reporting and should be reported in significant detail.
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
Imaging materials — Protocols for outdoor weathering
experiments
1 Scope
This Technical Report discusses a recommended way to prepare and submit specimens for outdoor weathering
testing in a variety of locations and covers issues of durability to weather, temperature and environmental
influences.
This Technical Report describes the pertinent information to request from the testing service, how to instruct the
testing service in the appropriate placement of the test specimens, and lists the type of information to report upon
completion of a weathering test.
This Technical Report does not discuss what to measure or how to make the measurement as these are best left to
the discretion of the experimenter.
2 References
1)
ASTM G 7-97, Standard Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
ASTM G 90-98, Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using
1)
Concentrated Natural Sunlight
2)
ISO 291:1997, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 10977:1993, Photography — Processed photographic colour films and paper prints — Methods for measuring
2)
image stability
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
encapsulation
sealing of all edges of a specimen that has been laminated on both front and back surfaces
NOTE This process is usually done by laminating with sheets that are larger in dimension than the specimen and then
sealing at the overlaps.
1) Available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
USA.
2) For electronic copies of these standards, visit the ANSI Electronic Standards Store (ESS) at www.ansi.org. For printed
versions of all these standards, contact Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704,
USA. Tel: (800) 854-7179.
© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TR 18930:2001(E)
3.2
laminate
layer of material that goes over the top or bottom of a specimen
NOTE The material is usually water resistant in order to provide physical and/or ultraviolet (UV) light protection of the
specimen during a weathering test.
3.3
outdoor weathering
actual placement of specimens outdoors in specific locations, often those of climatic extremes
NOTE This is differentiated from simulated weathering where instruments (weatherometers) are used to obtain very
controlled conditions that simulate, to some degree, outdoor weathering results. Use of such instruments is described in
ISO 10977.
3.4
reciprocity law failure
non-equivalence in weathering results between a long exposure/low-intensity experiment and its counterpart with
an equivalent intensity-time product where exposure time is short and intensity is high
3.5
total UV radiation
radiation in the range from 295 nm to 385 nm integrated over the duration of a test
2
NOTE This quantity is usually fairly consistent from year to year in a given location and is usually expressed as MJ/m .
4 Specimen preparation
4.1 General
Perhaps the most important requirement is that the material be readily adaptable to the outdoor environment. The
semi-tropics are hot and humid. The high desert is hot and dry with a very high ultraviolet radiation content. Other
outdoor environments can be high in environmental pollutants, including ozone, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide,
hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, or salt spray (oceanside locations).
4.2 Size and mounting of specimens
Several sites have pre-built racks in which to install the specimens. It should be determined if the specimens
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.