ISO/IEC 9868:2025

Information technology — Design, development, use and maintenance of biometric identification systems involving passive capture subjects

This document provides recommendations and requirements for the design, development, use and maintenance of biometric identification systems involving passive capture subjects, including pre- and post-deployment evaluation. While the emphasis is on surveillance systems, this document is also applicable to other types of biometric identification systems involving passive capture subjects, regardless of biometric characteristic or sensing technology. This includes systems involving passive capture of subjects where some capture subjects enrolled voluntarily. This document does not apply to biometric verification systems and biometric identification systems only involving capture subjects deliberately taking part in the capture. This document does not define specific services, platforms or tools.

Technologies de l'information — Conception, développement, utilisation et maintenance des systèmes d'identification biométriques appliqués sur des sujets de capture passifs

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Feb-2025
• ICS: 35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 - Biometrics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 - Biometrics
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 13-Feb-2025
• Due Date: 13-Feb-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Feb-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 9868
First edition
Information technology — Design,
2025-02
development, use and maintenance
of biometric identification systems
involving passive capture subjects
Technologies de l'information — Conception, développement,
utilisation et maintenance des systèmes d'identification
biométriques appliqués sur des sujets de capture passifs
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
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© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Roles .2
3.2 Categories of biometric identification system and use cases .3
3.3 Miscellaneous .4
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Conformance . 5
6 Scenarios and use of biometric systems involving passive capture subjects . 6
6.1 Main characteristics .6
6.2 Use cases and scenarios.6
6.3 Minimizing identification errors .7
7 Consideration of risk arising from BISPCS . 8
8 Design and development practice . 9
8.1 Biometric system and algorithm .9
8.2 Impact of capture devices on training and testing .10
9 Technical capabilities of the system .10
9.1 Performance .10
9.1.1 General .10
9.1.2 Biometric recognition .10
9.1.3 Demographic differential performance assessment .11
9.1.4 Detection of anomalous image quality .11
9.1.5 Security evaluation and presentation attack detection .11
9.1.6 Third-party ex-ante performance evaluation .11
9.2 Security and integrity . 12
9.3 Biometric data management . 12
9.4 Support for manual review . 13
9.5 Support for human oversight .14
9.6 Support for operational testing .14
9.7 Documentation .14
10 Operational practice .15
10.1 Organizational control . 15
10.2 Competence of biometric system operators . 15
10.3 Operational security.16
10.4 Privacy measures .16
10.4.1 General .16
10.4.2 Privacy principles of ISO/IEC 29100.16
10.4.3 Biometric information protection .19
10.5 Operational monitoring .19
10.5.1 Monitoring .19
10.5.2 Operational testing and internal audit .19
10.5.3 Feedback . 20
10.5.4 Threshold management . 20
10.6 Improvement .21
10.6.1 Retraining of ML-based biometric systems .21
10.6.2 Continuous learning .21
10.6.3 Continual improvement.21
Annex A (informative) Use case profiles .23

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
Annex B (informative) Example audit report .26
Bibliography .30

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
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ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
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In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
v
Introduction
Recent improvements in biometric systems, and in particular face recognition, have allowed new usage
for identification systems. Biometric systems using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are capable
of capturing biometric data in publicly accessible spaces without any deliberate action from the capture
subjects and possibly even without their knowledge.
On 13 March 2024, the European Commission adopted a proposal for a regulation laying down a “uniform
[1]
legal fram
...