ISO 23704-1:2022

General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles

This document specifies the concept and fundamental principles of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) and requirements, including — the reference architecture of a CPSMT, — the key components and interfaces which together make up the reference architecture of a CPSMT, and — the capabilities of a CPSMT. This document also provides: — the background for a CPSMT, — the concept of a shop floor device system (SFDS), and — example use cases of the reference architecture of a CPSMT. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

Exigences générales relatives aux systèmes de machines-outils intelligents à commandes cyber-physiques (CPSMT) — Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principaux fondamentaux

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Jun-2022
• ICS: 25.040.20 - Numerically controlled machines
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1/WG 11 - Reference model for cyber - Physically controlled smart machine tool systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 28-Jun-2022
• Due Date: 08-May-2023
• Completion Date: 28-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23704-1
First edition
2022-06
General requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine
tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
Exigences générales relatives aux systèmes de machines-outils
intelligents à commandes cyber-physiques (CPSMT) —
Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principaux fondamentaux
Reference number
ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture . 6
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture . 6
6 Concept of a CPSMT .7
7 Reference architecture of a CPSMT.8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) . 10
7.3 Cyber-supporting system (CSS)for machine tool (CSSM) . . 10
7.4 Shop floor device system (SFDS). 11
7.5 Shop floor control system (SFCS) . 11
7.6 Unified interface systems (UISs) . 11
8 Reference architecture of a CPSMT from the manufacturing technology perspective .12
9 Interfaces in a CPSMT .12
9.1 General .12
9.2 Interface between a CPCM and a CSSM. 13
9.3 Interface between a CPCM and an SFDS . 13
9.4 Interface between a CPCM and an SFCS . 13
9.5 Interface between a CPSMT and life cycle aspects through a UIS .13
9.6 Interface between a CPSMT and hierarchy level through a UIS .13
9.7 Interface between a CPSMT and humans through a UIS . 14
10 Capabilities of a CPSMT .14
10.1 General . 14
10.2 Machine tool that autonomously deals with its abnormalities . 14
10.3 Machine tool that coordinates autonomously with various devices in the shop floor . 14
10.4 Machine tool that collaborates autonomously with the shop floor control system
(SFCS). 15
10.5 Machine tool that interfaces with life cycle aspects . 15
10.6 Machine tool that interfaces with hierarchy level . 15
10.7 Machine tool that supports machine tool stakeholders . 15
Annex A (informative) Background of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) .16
Annex B (informative) SFDS viewed from Industry 4.0 component and administration shell .21
Annex C (informative) Example use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT .23
Bibliography .27
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184 Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
Introduction
A machine tool is a key device in manufacturing since it is used indispensably in the production
of machine parts used in various industrial areas. Many institutions have long been devoted to
technological development from the viewpoint of reducing downtime and defects and are considering
smart technologies such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a new means to achieve this.
From the market perspective, there is a variety of so-called smart machine tools incorporating smart
technologies based on their own concepts using, e.g. local terminologies by machine tool builders
(MTBs), machine tool control, e.g. computerized numerical control (CNC) vendors, solution vendors
and service providers, which can be confusing to stakeholders, including end-users. For this and other
reasons, standards and substantial modelling for smart machine tool systems are needed.
1)
From the standards perspective, RAMI 4.0 (IEC PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 TR-SMRM provide a
reference model for Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing on a high level. The ISO 23247 series defines
a generic framework to support the creation of a digital twin of observable manufacturing elements.
Furthermore, although some existing standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-
UA (IEC/TR 62541-1), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4-2018), ISO/IEC 30141, the IEC 62769 series, and many
machine tool standards from ISO TC39, no standard yet exists for smart machine tools for realizing
smart manufacturing / Industry 4.0 in the shop floor via cyber-physical systems (CPSs).
The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart
manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:
— Overview and fundamental principles of a CPSMT in ISO 23704-1,
— Reference architecture of a CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in ISO 23704-2, and
2)
— Reference architecture of a CPSMT for additive manufacturing in ISO 23704-3 .
Other related parts such as implementation guidelines or reference architectures for other types of
manufacturing will be added if and when necessary.
Figure 1 — Overall structure of the ISO 23704 series on general requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for users such as, but not limited to:
a) Design engineers in the area of smart machine tools,
1) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/DTR 63319.
2) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 23704-3.
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
b) System architects in the area of smart machine tools,
c) Software engineers at the MTBs in the area of smart machine tools,
d) Machine tool control vendors in the area of smart machine tools,
e) Solution and service providers in the area of smart machine tools, and
f) End users, such as factory operators working with smart machine tools.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled
smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
1 Scope
This document specifies the concept and fundamental principles of cyber-physically controlled smart
machine tool systems (CPSMT) and requirements, including
— the reference architecture of a CPSMT,
— the key components and interfaces which together make up the reference architecture of a CPSMT,
and
— the capabilities of a CPSMT.
This document also provides:
— the background for a CPSMT,
— the concept of a shop floor device system (SFDS), and
— example use cases of the reference architecture of a CPSMT.
This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
abnormality
deviation from a standard condition
EXAMPLE Chatter, tool wear above prescribed limits, geometric inaccuracy, energy over-consumption.
[SOURCE: ISO 13372:2012, 4.1, modified — EXAMPLES added.]
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
3.1.2
additive manufacturing
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to
subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
[SOURCE: ISO/ASTM 52900:2015, 2.1.2, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry deleted.]
3.1.3
administration shell
virtual digital and active representation of an Industry 4.0 component (3.1.18) in the Industry 4.0 system
(3.1.19)
[SOURCE: Industrie 4.0 – Begriffe/Terms VDI Status report Industrie 4.0 (April 2017) modified —
Notes 1 and 2 to entry deleted.]
3.1.4
computerized numerical control
CNC
automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numerical data introduced
while the operation is in progress
[SOURCE: ISO 2806:1994, 2.1.1]
3.1.5
cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) associated system
CPSMT associated system
set of CPSMT (3.1.10) components to interface with the CPSMT primary system (3.1.6), including shop
floor device system (SFDS) (3.1.24), shop floor control system (SFCS) (3.1.23), and unified interface system
(UIS) (3.1.30)
3.1.6
cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) primary system
CPSMT primary system
set of cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPSMT) (3.1.10) components including cyber-physically
controlled machine tool (CPCM) (3.1.9) and cyber-supporting system for machine tool (CSSM) (3.1.12)
3.1.7
cyber-physical manufacturing system
CPMS
manufacturing system based on an analogy of RAMI 4.0 from a cyber-physical perspective, comprised
of a) a physical manufacturing system, composed of an office floor and shop floor, and b) the cyber-
supporting system (CSS) (3.1.11), supporting the physical manufacturing system via monitoring,
analysis, planning, and execution based on big data analytics / artificial intelligence, and digital twin
(3.1.14) (MAPE / BD).
Note 1 to entry: The definition is based on reference [33].
Note 2 to entry: More details on the MAPE/BD concept are given in reference [36].
3.1.8
cyber-physical system
CPS
physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and
integrated by a computing and communication core
[30]
Note 1 to entry: The definition is taken from Rajkumar et al.
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
3.1.9
cyber-physically controlled machine tool
CPCM
physical machine tool system, controlled by a cyber-physical control scheme, providing a more
advanced control function via cyber-physical system (CPS) (3.1.8) unit in addition to the conventional
machine control
Note 1 to entry: The CPS unit is the part of the reference architecture for different technologies responsible for
performing the CPS function
3.1.10
cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool system
CPSMT
smart machine tool system, supporting smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 on the shop floor via a
cyber-physical system (3.1.8) control scheme
3.1.11
cyber-supporting system
CSS
cyber-system that supports a physical system for the enhancement of performance of a physical system
via monitoring, analysis, planning, and execution based on big data analytics / artificial intelligence,
and digital twin (3.1.14) (MAPE / BD)
3.1.12
cyber-supporting system for machine tool
CSSM
cyber-supporting system (3.1.11) for cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCMs) (3.1.9) that
provides decisions from the viewpoint of abnormality (3.1.1) resolution, and provides CPCM abnormality
data to a shop floor control system (SFCS) (3.1.23) and external systems including humans, life cycle
aspects, and hierarchy level
3.1.13
data
reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication,
interpretation, or processing
Note 1 to entry: Data can be processed by humans or by automatic means.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 2121272, modified — Notes 2 and 3 to entry were deleted.]
3.1.14
digital twin
digital replica of physical assets (physical twin), processes and systems that can be used for various
purposes or a fit-for-purpose digital representation of something outside its own context with data
connections that enable convergence between the physical and virtual states at an appropriate rate of
synchronization
Note 1 to entry: The definition is from the ISO TC184 Ad Hoc Group on the digital twin.
Note 2 to entry: The digital twin is used by the cyber supporting system for the machine tool (CSSM) as an
interrogable cyber model of the machine tool for analysis and planning stages of the MAPE.
3.1.15
event
noteworthy occurrence that happens at a point in time or during a temporal interval
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003, 3.3.2.14.]
3.1.16
event-driven
methodology that focuses on events (3.1.15) and their dependency
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
3.1.17
hard-real time
time based operational characteristic in which processing of data by a computer in connection with
another process outside the computer is incorrect if results are not produced according to specified
timing requirements
Note 1 to entry: The hard-real time definition is based on reference [12].
3.1.18
Industry 4.0 component
globally uniquely identifiable participant with communication capability consisting of an administration
shell (3.1.3) and an asset (corresponds to classification of Communication and Presentation (CP) 24,
CP34 or CP44) within an Industry 4.0 system (3.1.19) which offers services with defined quality of
service characteristics
Note 1 to entry: CP24, CP34 and CP44 are classifications of Communication and Presentation for Industry 4.0.
The first digit indicates the communication capability and the second the degree of familiarity. CP24 means
"capable of passive communication" and "managed as an entity". CP34 means "capable of active communication"
and "managed as an entity". CP44 means "capable of I4.0 conformal communication" and "managed as an entity".
[SOURCE: Industrie 4.0 — Begriffe/Terms VDI Statusreport Industrie 4.0 (April 2017), modified: Notes
1 and 2 to entry deleted, Communication and Presentation (CP) added.]
3.1.19
Industry 4.0 system
system, consisting of Industry 4.0 components (3.1.18) and components of a lower Communication and
Presentation (CP) classification, which serves a specific purpose, has defined properties and supports
standardized services and states
[SOURCE: Industrie 4.0 — Begriffe/Terms VDI Statusreport Industrie 4.0 (April 2017), modified: CP
expanded to "Communication and Presentation (CP)", Notes 1, 2 and 3 to entry deleted]
3.1.20
key performance indicator
KPI
quantifiable level of achieving a critical objective
Note 1 to entry: The KPIs are derived directly from or through an aggregation function of physical measurements,
data and / or other KPIs.
[SOURCE: ISO 22400-1:2014, 2.1.5]
3.1.21
machine tool
mechanical device that is fixed (i.e. not mobile) and powered (typically by electricity and compressed
air), typically used to process workpieces by selective removal / addition of material or mechanical
deformation
Note 1 to entry: Machine tool operation can be mechanical, controlled by humans, or by computers. Machine
tools may have a number of peripherals used for machine tool cooling / heating, process conditioning, workpiece
and tool handling (workpiece feeding excluded), recyclables and waste handling, and other tasks connected to
their main activities.
[SOURCE: ISO 14955-1:2017, 3.16]
3.1.22
reference architecture
core architecture that captures the high-level architecture concept of domain architecture
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 26552:2019, 3.9, modified — “and application architecture” deleted.]
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
3.1.23
shop floor control system
SFCS
system that controls a shop floor system including a shop floor device system (SFDS) (3.1.24) and a cyber-
physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) (3.1.9) in a collaborative fashion for the enhancement of the
performance of the shop floor
3.1.24
shop floor device system
SFDS
set of devices, including production facilities and material handlers, on the shop floor
Note 1 to entry: A shop floor device x with the controller is regarded as having its own cyber-physically controlled
x (CPCx), and cyber-supporting system x (CSSx).
3.1.25
smart machine tool
machine tool (3.1.21) that supports the vision, characteristics, and capabilities of smart manufacturing
[24]
Note 1 to entry: Details of smart manufacturing are described in IEC TR 63319 .
3.1.26
smart manufacturing
manufacturing that improves its performance aspects with integrated and intelligent use of processes
and resources in 'cyber,' ‘physical,' and 'human' spheres to create and deliver products and services,
which also collaborate with other domains within enterprise value chains
[26]
Note 1 to entry: The definition is from IEC TR 63319
3.1.27
smart manufacturing reference model
SMRM
framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities involved in smart
manufacturing and for the development of consistent standards or specifications that support smart
manufacturing
[26]
Note 1 to entry: The definition is from IEC TR 63319
3.1.28
soft-real time
time-based operational characteristic in which processing of data by a computer in connection with
another process outside the computer is degraded if results are not produced according to specified
timing requirements
Note 1 to entry: The soft-real time definition is based on reference [12].
3.1.29
subtractive manufacturing
process of machining, grinding or reducing a larger bulk object to create a smaller detailed three-
dimensional object using computer-aided design software and computer-aided manufacturing methods
[SOURCE: ISO 18739:2016, 3.1.37]
3.1.30
unified interface system
UIS
system that incorporates interfaces with: a) a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) (3.1.9),
b) a cyber-supporting system for machine tool (CSSM) (3.1.12), c) a shop floor device system (SFDS), d) a
shop floor control system (SFCS), e) humans, f) life cycle aspects and g) hierarchy level
Note 1 to entry: The UIS is an advanced concept of human-machine interface incorporating a wide range of
systems, including the life cycle aspect and hierarchy level.
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CNC computerized numerical control
CP communication and presentation
CPCM cyber physically controlled machine tool
CPMS cyber physical manufacturing system
CPS cyber physical system
CPSMT cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
CRM customer relationship management
CSS cyber supporting system
CSSM cyber supporting system for machine tool
ERP enterprise resource planning
HMI human machine interface
KPI key performance indicator
MAPE/BD monitoring, analysis, planning and execution based on big data and digital twin
MES manufacturing execution system
MTB machine tool builder
RAMI 4.0 reference architecture model industries 4.0
SCM supply chain management
SFCS shop floor control system
SFDS shop floor device system
SMRM smart manufacturing reference model
UIS unified interface system
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture
To claim conformance, the definition of a specific system architecture, as provided by a vendor or
system integrator, should use the terminology, architectural concepts, and have the capabilities defined
in this document, within the scope of their specific use cases.
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture
The CPSMT reference architecture describes generic smart machine tools to support Industry 4.0 and
smart manufacturing via a cyber-physical system (CPS). It provides guidance for designers developing
smart machine tool systems and aims to give a better understanding of smart machine tools to the
stakeholders of such systems.
NOTE Examples of stakeholders are MTBs, computerized numerical control (CNC) and other machine
control vendors, solution vendors, application developers, service providers, customers and end-users.
A CPSMT reference architecture supports the following standardization objectives:
a) To ensure clear and unambiguous communication between all interested parties of smart machine
tools.
b) To ensure the interoperability of smart machine tools with related hardware devices, software,
service and manufacturing systems.
c) To ensure the quality / capability of smart machine tools.
d) To ensure the use of smart machine tools.
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
e) To ensure systematic development, modification of smart machine tools.
Figure 2 illustrates the context of the CPSMT reference architecture, which is derived and viewed from
[18]
various perspectives based on the architecture description defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 .
Figure 2 — Context of a CPSMT reference architecture
Based on Figure 2, this document includes the following descriptions:
— The concept of a CPSMT in Clause 6.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT in Clause 7.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT viewed from the manufacturing technology type perspective
in Clause 8.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT viewed from the interface perspective in Clause 9.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT viewed from the capability perspective in Clause 10.
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT viewed from the use case perspectives in Annex C.
Clauses 7, 8, 9, and 10 deal with the fundamental principles of a CPSMT.
6 Concept of a CPSMT
In order to conform with the definition in 3.1.25, a smart machine tool shall support smart
manufacturing on the shop floor.
Based on this and the definition in 3.1.10, the role of a CPSMT is to be a smart machine tool system
realizing smart manufacturing at the shop floor via a CPS.
The concept of a CPSMT is derived based on:
— High level paradigms, e.g.
[26]
— Smart manufacturing ,
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ISO 23704-1:2022(E)
[25]
— RAMI 4.0 ,
[33]
— Cyber-physical manufacturing systems (CPMS) ,
— Implementation technology based on the contemporary smart machine tool related product systems
presented in the major machine tool fairs.
— State-of-the-art technology, e.g.
— Machine tools / machining technology,
...