ISO/TS 12913-2:2018
(Main)Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 2: Data collection and reporting requirements
Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 2: Data collection and reporting requirements
This document specifies requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for soundscape studies, investigations and applications. This document identifies and harmonizes the collection of data by which relevant information on the key components people, acoustic environment and context is obtained, measured and reported.
Acoustique — Paysage sonore — Partie 2: Collecte de données
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 12913-2
First edition
2018-08
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 2:
Data collection and reporting
requirements
Acoustique — Paysage sonore —
Partie 2: Collecte de données
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptors and indicators . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators . 3
5 Data collection . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Soundwalk . 4
5.3 Questionnaire . 4
5.4 Guided interview . 5
5.5 Sound source taxonomy . 5
5.6 Binaural measurements . 5
6 Reporting requirements . 6
Annex A (normative) Minimum reporting requirements . 7
Annex B (informative) Psychoacoustic indicators . 9
Annex C (informative) Data collection methods .11
Annex D (normative) Binaural measurement methods .24
Annex E (informative) Good practice in reporting a soundscape study .27
Bibliography .29
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12913 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The ISO 12913 series on soundscape was developed in order to enable a broad international consensus
and to provide a foundation for communication across disciplines and professions with an interest
in soundscape. ISO 12913-1 provides the definition of and a conceptual framework for the term
“soundscape”.
The concept of soundscape was adopted to provide a holistic approach to the acoustic environment,
beyond noise, and its effect on the quality of life. Soundscape suggests assessing all sounds perceived
in an environment in all its complexity. To do this, soundscape studies use a variety of data collection
related to human perception, acoustic environment and context. Importantly, the study of soundscape
relies primarily upon human perception and only then turns to physical measurement.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 12913-2:2018(E)
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 2:
Data collection and reporting requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for
soundscape studies, investigations and applications.
This document identifies and harmonizes the collection of data by which relevant information on the
key components people, acoustic environment and context is obtained, measured and reported.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 532-1, Acoustics — Methods for calculating loudness — Part 1: Zwicker method
ISO 1996-1, Acoustics — Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 1: Basic
quantities and assessment procedures
ISO 12913-1, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework
ITU-T P.58:2013, Head and torso simulator for telephonometry
ANSI/ASA S 3.36:2012, Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in-situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12913-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
background sound
sound which is heard continuously or frequently enough to form a background against which other
sounds are perceived
Note 1 to entry: Often these sounds are not consciously perceived, but they act as conditioning agents in the
perception of foreground sounds (3.3).
3.2
descriptor
term which is used to describe the perception of any acoustic environment
3.3
foreground sound
sound to which attention of a listener is particularly directed and which can be associated with a
specific source
3.4
indicator
term which is used to predict a descriptor (3.2) or a part thereof
3.5
local expert
person who is familiar with the area under scrutiny either living in the area or having further daily
routines related to the area
3.6
noise
sound that is deemed to be unpleasant, unexpected, undesired or harmful
Note 1 to entry: Exceptions in this document are cases where the term “noise” is used as an established term, e.g.
broad-band noise or environmental noise.
3.7
soundwalk
method that implies a walk in an area with a focus on listening to the acoustic environment
3.8
total sound
totally encompassing sound in a given situation at a given time, usually composed of sound from many
sources near and far
[SOURCE: ISO 1996-1:2016, 3.4.1, modified — The figure and notes have been deleted.]
4 Descriptors and indicators
4.1 General
It is central to soundscape research, studies and implementation to fit descriptors and indicators to
the perception and the assessment of the concerned people. Classical indicators are known to show
strong limitations under certain sound conditions (low frequency sound, tonal components, multi-
source environments). The choice of indicators depends on the type of the investigated soundscape. It
is important that the fit of indicators reflects the situation and context (personal, social, cultural, land
use, economic, geographic) which define the acoustic environment, and also enables tracing dynamic
changes like time variances of the soundscape over the day or season.
Soundscape studies shall always consider the key components: people, acoustic environment and
context (see definitions and explanations in ISO 12913-1):
a) people:
— the participants shall be classified according to Annexes A and E;
— self-reported views of the participants (on the acoustic environment and on the context) shall
be obtained via questionnaires and/or interviews (see Annex C);
— in certain cases, if determined appropriate by the investigator or researcher, data collection via
non-participatory observations shall be obtained; this can include, for example, data collection
of subject(s)’ walking speed, proximity and/or openness to others (e.g. those not known to
themselves), head movements, and occupation time (e.g. time spent in the observation area)
[39][40]
.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
NOTE It is recognized that there are current limitations in feasible techniques. There can be
difficulties in trying to capture customary and holistic human response, by putting people into survey
contexts which can change their listening and related states.
b) acoustic environment:
— it shall be reported whether a real, recorded or virtual environment (indoor or outdoor) is
considered and whether it is a laboratory or field study (see Annex A);
— sound sources shall be described following a sound source taxonomy (e.g. Annex C);
— the acoustic environment shall be described using a combination of appropriate acoustic
indicators (e.g. see ISO 1996-1) and psychoacoustic indicators (see Annex B).
c) context:
— information on the context shall be reported in detail in accordance with Annex A.
This document specifies the data collection and reporting method(s) for each of these key components
in turn. The annexes provide further details of recommended (and any alternative) approaches for each
component.
The main requirements and some of the associated questions for descriptors and indicators shall
support:
— acoustical assessment: acoustic distinction of the variety of soundscapes (Why does this place
sound different? What is unique?);
— psycho-physiological assessment: assessment of the grade a
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 12913-2
First edition
2018-08
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 2:
Data collection and reporting
requirements
Acoustique — Paysage sonore —
Partie 2: Collecte de données
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptors and indicators . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators . 3
5 Data collection . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Soundwalk . 4
5.3 Questionnaire . 4
5.4 Guided interview . 5
5.5 Sound source taxonomy . 5
5.6 Binaural measurements . 5
6 Reporting requirements . 6
Annex A (normative) Minimum reporting requirements . 7
Annex B (informative) Psychoacoustic indicators . 9
Annex C (informative) Data collection methods .11
Annex D (normative) Binaural measurement methods .24
Annex E (informative) Good practice in reporting a soundscape study .27
Bibliography .29
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12913 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The ISO 12913 series on soundscape was developed in order to enable a broad international consensus
and to provide a foundation for communication across disciplines and professions with an interest
in soundscape. ISO 12913-1 provides the definition of and a conceptual framework for the term
“soundscape”.
The concept of soundscape was adopted to provide a holistic approach to the acoustic environment,
beyond noise, and its effect on the quality of life. Soundscape suggests assessing all sounds perceived
in an environment in all its complexity. To do this, soundscape studies use a variety of data collection
related to human perception, acoustic environment and context. Importantly, the study of soundscape
relies primarily upon human perception and only then turns to physical measurement.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 12913-2:2018(E)
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 2:
Data collection and reporting requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for
soundscape studies, investigations and applications.
This document identifies and harmonizes the collection of data by which relevant information on the
key components people, acoustic environment and context is obtained, measured and reported.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 532-1, Acoustics — Methods for calculating loudness — Part 1: Zwicker method
ISO 1996-1, Acoustics — Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 1: Basic
quantities and assessment procedures
ISO 12913-1, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework
ITU-T P.58:2013, Head and torso simulator for telephonometry
ANSI/ASA S 3.36:2012, Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in-situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12913-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
background sound
sound which is heard continuously or frequently enough to form a background against which other
sounds are perceived
Note 1 to entry: Often these sounds are not consciously perceived, but they act as conditioning agents in the
perception of foreground sounds (3.3).
3.2
descriptor
term which is used to describe the perception of any acoustic environment
3.3
foreground sound
sound to which attention of a listener is particularly directed and which can be associated with a
specific source
3.4
indicator
term which is used to predict a descriptor (3.2) or a part thereof
3.5
local expert
person who is familiar with the area under scrutiny either living in the area or having further daily
routines related to the area
3.6
noise
sound that is deemed to be unpleasant, unexpected, undesired or harmful
Note 1 to entry: Exceptions in this document are cases where the term “noise” is used as an established term, e.g.
broad-band noise or environmental noise.
3.7
soundwalk
method that implies a walk in an area with a focus on listening to the acoustic environment
3.8
total sound
totally encompassing sound in a given situation at a given time, usually composed of sound from many
sources near and far
[SOURCE: ISO 1996-1:2016, 3.4.1, modified — The figure and notes have been deleted.]
4 Descriptors and indicators
4.1 General
It is central to soundscape research, studies and implementation to fit descriptors and indicators to
the perception and the assessment of the concerned people. Classical indicators are known to show
strong limitations under certain sound conditions (low frequency sound, tonal components, multi-
source environments). The choice of indicators depends on the type of the investigated soundscape. It
is important that the fit of indicators reflects the situation and context (personal, social, cultural, land
use, economic, geographic) which define the acoustic environment, and also enables tracing dynamic
changes like time variances of the soundscape over the day or season.
Soundscape studies shall always consider the key components: people, acoustic environment and
context (see definitions and explanations in ISO 12913-1):
a) people:
— the participants shall be classified according to Annexes A and E;
— self-reported views of the participants (on the acoustic environment and on the context) shall
be obtained via questionnaires and/or interviews (see Annex C);
— in certain cases, if determined appropriate by the investigator or researcher, data collection via
non-participatory observations shall be obtained; this can include, for example, data collection
of subject(s)’ walking speed, proximity and/or openness to others (e.g. those not known to
themselves), head movements, and occupation time (e.g. time spent in the observation area)
[39][40]
.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
NOTE It is recognized that there are current limitations in feasible techniques. There can be
difficulties in trying to capture customary and holistic human response, by putting people into survey
contexts which can change their listening and related states.
b) acoustic environment:
— it shall be reported whether a real, recorded or virtual environment (indoor or outdoor) is
considered and whether it is a laboratory or field study (see Annex A);
— sound sources shall be described following a sound source taxonomy (e.g. Annex C);
— the acoustic environment shall be described using a combination of appropriate acoustic
indicators (e.g. see ISO 1996-1) and psychoacoustic indicators (see Annex B).
c) context:
— information on the context shall be reported in detail in accordance with Annex A.
This document specifies the data collection and reporting method(s) for each of these key components
in turn. The annexes provide further details of recommended (and any alternative) approaches for each
component.
The main requirements and some of the associated questions for descriptors and indicators shall
support:
— acoustical assessment: acoustic distinction of the variety of soundscapes (Why does this place
sound different? What is unique?);
— psycho-physiological assessment: assessment of the grade a
...
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