ISO 13643-1:2017
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Manoeuvring of ships — Part 1: General concepts, quantities and test conditions
Ships and marine technology — Manoeuvring of ships — Part 1: General concepts, quantities and test conditions
ISO 13643-1:2017 applies to manoeuvring tests with surface ships, submarines and models. ISO 13643-1:2017 defines concepts, symbols and test conditions constituting general fundamentals which are to be applied for the description and determination of certain ship manoeuvring characteristics together with the respective test-specific physical quantities contained in ISO 13643‑2 to ISO 13643‑6.
Navires et technologie maritime — Manoeuvres des navires — Partie 1: Notions générales, grandeurs et conditions d'essais
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13643-1
Second edition
2017-02
Ships and marine technology —
Manoeuvring of ships —
Part 1:
General concepts, quantities and test
conditions
Navires et technologie maritime — Manoeuvres des navires —
Partie 1: Notions générales, grandeurs et conditions d’essais
Reference number
ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Axis systems . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Earth-fixed axis system . 2
4.3 Ship-fixed axis system . 2
5 Position coordinates . 3
6 Angles . 4
6.1 Angles of flow . 4
6.1.1 Angle of attack. 4
6.1.2 Drift angle . 4
6.2 Angles of flow at parts of the ship . 5
6.3 Eulerian angles . 5
6.3.1 General. 5
6.3.2 Nodal axes . 5
6.3.3 Eulerian angles between earth-fixed and ship-fixed axis systems . 7
7 General quantities . 8
7.1 Physical quantities . 8
7.2 Geometrical quantities . 9
7.2.1 Symbols for manoeuvring . 9
7.2.2 Additional and alternative indices .15
7.3 Mass quantities .17
7.4 Velocities and accelerations .18
7.5 Forces, moments and their coefficients .18
7.6 Control quantities .20
7.7 Propulsion .21
7.8 Derivatives .23
7.9 Dynamic stability .25
7.9.1 General.25
7.9.2 Dynamic stability of the coupled drift, yaw and roll motion (horizontal plane) .25
7.9.3 Dynamic stability of the coupled heave and pitch motion (vertical plane) .27
7.10 External disturbances .28
8 General test conditions, documentation .29
8.1 General .29
8.2 Environment .29
8.3 Ship .30
8.4 Test reports .31
8.5 Model tests.31
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical list of symbols .33
Bibliography .41
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 6, Navigation and ship operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13643-1:2013), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with the following changes:
— Table 8, CC-Code VK symbol “N” to “ν”;
— Table 8, CC-Code RHOWA symbol “P” to “ρ”;
— Table 8, CC-Code OMN symbol “Ω” was changed to “ω”;
— 7.9.2, Equations (1) and (2) in the last term Symbol “φ” was changed to “ϕ”;
— 7.9.3, third sentence of the subclause “where as q =θ and q =θ well as wz= and wz= ” was
changed to “where q =θ and q =θ as well as wz= and wz= ”;
— 8.2 “a) stopping test” has been inserted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13643 series can be found on the ISO website.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Ships and marine technology — Manoeuvring of ships —
Part 1:
General concepts, quantities and test conditions
1 Scope
This document applies to manoeuvring tests with surface ships, submarines and models.
This document defines concepts, symbols and test conditions constituting general fundamentals which
are to be applied for the description and determination of certain ship manoeuvring characteristics
together with the respective test-specific physical quantities contained in ISO 13643-2 to ISO 13643-6.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19019, Sea-going vessels and marine technology — Instructions for planning, carrying out and
reporting sea trials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp/
3.1
manoeuvring
all manoeuvres (3.2), manoeuvring tests (3.3) and tests or other methods, such as computations,
simulations, etc. to establish manoeuvring characteristics
Note 1 to entry: Manoeuvring includes measures to maintain cruising conditions under external disturbances.
3.2
manoeuvre
ship operation measures to change course and/or speed, and in case of submarines, depth
Note 1 to entry: Special actions taken, e.g. for casting-off, turning aside or rescuing (person over board), are
included.
3.3
manoeuvring test
test conducted with a full-scale ship, submarine or a model to determine and evaluate the manoeuvring
characteristics under standardized conditions
Note 1 to entry: Manoeuvring tests are often similar to manoeuvres, but organized in such a manner that, as far
as possible, specific manoeuvring characteristics can be measured individually.
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
3.4
CC-Code
th
computer compatible symbols introduced by the 14 International Towing Tank Conference
3.5
manoeuvring device
rudder, azimuthing thruster, hydroplane, cycloidal propeller or equivalent system used to manoeuvre
(3.2) a vessel
4 Axis systems
4.1 General
Axis systems are three-dimensional, orthogonal, right-handed systems. Earth-fixed and ship-fixed axis
systems are defined in Tables 1 and 2.
4.2 Earth-fixed axis system
Table 1 — Symbols and their definitions for the earth-fixed axis system
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit Term Position Positive sense
O ORIG0 — Origin, earth-fixed Arbitrary, but preferably —
0
in the water surface
O ORIG — Origin, ship-fixed Preferably according to —
(moving with the ship) Table 2
a
x X0 m — In the horizontal plane Arbitrary
0
a
y Y0 m Transverse axis In the horizontal plane Right-handed
0
system with x , z
0 0
z Z0 m Vertical axis In the direction of gravity Down
0
a
Assuming earth or water surfaces to be plane.
4.3 Ship-fixed axis system
Table 2 — Symbols and their definitions for the ship-fixed axis system
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit Term Position Positive sense
O ORIG — Origin, ship fixed For surface ships in CL at
the height of DWL at MP
—
For submarines on MA in
the lateral plane of B
∇
x X m Longitudinal axis In CL or MA Forward
y Y m Lateral axis Perpendicular to CL Starboard
z Z m Normal axis In CL Right-handed
system with x and
y (under normal
cruising
conditions down)
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
5 Position coordinates
Table 3 — Symbols and their definitions for position coordinates of points under consideration
Concept
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Term Definition or explanation
a a
x (.) X (.) m Longitudinal Distance between point under consideration
position and origin O measured parallel to the ship’s
longitudinal axis (see Table 2), positive if point
under consideration is forward of origin O.
a a
y (.) Y (.) m Lateral position Distance between point under consideration
and origin O measured parallel to the ship’s
lateral axis, positive if point under
consideration is starboard of origin O.
a a
z (.) Z (.) m Normal position Distance between point under consideration
and origin O measured parallel to the ship’s
normal axis, positive if point under
consideration is below origin O.
a
(.) = Supplement to symbol/CC-Code by code letters for points under consideration.
Code letters for the following special points:
A antenna (reference point);
B centre of buoyancy (static);
BB bow plane (reference point);
F stabilising fin (reference point);
G centre of gravity;
L lateral area below waterline (centre of area);
LV lateral area above waterline (centre of area);
P propeller (reference point);
R manoeuvring device (reference point);
S stern plane (reference point);
T thruster (reference point).
EXAMPLE z resp. ZR: Normal position of manoeuvring device (reference point).
R
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
6 Angles
6.1 Angles of flow
6.1.1 Angle of attack
Table 4 — Symbol and definition for the angle of attack
Concept
Axis of Measurement
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Definition or
rotation plane
Term
explanation
a
α ALFA rad Angle of attack Angle by which the y xz
projection of the
direction of heading
through the water
upon CL has to be
turned about lateral
axis y, such that it
coincides with the
x-axis.
w
arctan
u
w
arcsin
22
uw+
a
For angles, the unit ° (degree) may be used.
6.1.2 Drift angle
Table 5 — Symbol and definition for the drift angle
Concept
Axis of Measurement
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Definition or
rotation plane
Term
explanation
a
β BET rad Drift angle Angle to the z xy
principal plane of
symmetry from
the vector of the
b
ship’s speed
relative to the
water, positive in
the positive sense
of rotation about
the z-axis.
–v
arctan
u
–v
arcsin
22
uv+
a
For angles, the unit ° (degree) may be used.
b
Reference point for the path through the water within the ship usually is the origin O of the ship-fixed axis system
according to Table 2.
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
6.2 Angles of flow at parts of the ship
The definition of angles of flow at parts of the ship is to follow the definition of the ship’s angles of flow
as far as possible. Their symbols are to be derived from those in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 by means of suitable
subscripts (for a selection, see Table 3).
EXAMPLE
α angle of attack at stern plane (see Table 4).
S
β drift angle at manoeuvring device (see Table 5).
R
6.3 Eulerian angles
6.3.1 General
Eulerian angles are described in Figure 1 and Tables 6 and 7.
6.3.2 Nodal axes
In this subclause, the rotational position of two axis systems relative to one another is described by
Eulerian angles which are defined with the aid of nodal axes (see Table 6).
Table 6 — Symbols and their definitions for nodal axes
Symbol Definition or explanation
k Projection of the longitudinal axis x onto the horizontal x y -plane.
1 0 0
k Positioned with respect to y as k to x
2 0 1 0.
k Projection of vertical axis z onto yz-plane.
3 0
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Key
1 x y plane
0 0
2 xz plane
0
3 xy plane
Figure 1 — Angles between earth-fixed and ship-fixed axis system
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
6.3.3 Eulerian angles between earth-fixed and ship-fixed axis systems
Table 7 — Symbols and their definitions for angles between earth-fixed and ship-fixed axis
systems
Concept
Axis of Measurement
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
rotation plane
Term Definition or explanation
a
θ TRIMS rad Trim Angle of turn about nodal axis k xz
S 2 0
angle k , measured from nodal axis
2
k to x-axis (angle between
1
x-axis and horizontal plane);
positive if unit vector in the
direction of x-axis has a
negative component in the
direction of z -axis.
0
a
θ TETP rad Pitch Definition as for θ above; k xz
S 2 0
angle used for oscillatory processes;
usually measured relative to
mean trim angle.
a
ϕ HEELANG rad Heel Angle of turn about the x-axis, x yz
S
(bank) measured from nodal axis k
2
angle to y-axis; positive in clockwise
direction.
a
ϕ PHIR rad Roll Definition as for ϕ above; x yz
S
angle used for oscillatory processes;
usually measured relative to
mean heel angle.
a
ψ PSIH rad Heading Angle of turn about vertical z x y
0 0 0
axis z , measured from x -axis
0 0
to nodal axis k ; positive in
1
clockwise direction; usually
x -direction coincides with
0
north or initial heading.
a
PSIY rad Yaw Definition as above; used for z x y
0 0 0
angle oscillatory processes; usually
measured relative to mean
heading.
a
For angles, the unit ° (degree) may be used.
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
7 General quantities
7.1 Physical quantities
Table 8 — Symbols and their definitions for physical quantities
Concept
a a
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Term Definition or explanation
F FN 1 Froude number
n
V
gL
F FH 1 Froude depth number
nh
V
gh
FV 1 Froude displacement number
V
F
n∇
1/3
g∇
−2
g G m s Acceleration due to gravity —
h DE m Water depth —
h DEME m Mean water depth During the test
m
m MA kg Ship’s mass Mass which shall be accelerated for
speed changes, but without added
mass
−1
n N s Rate of revolution, general —
P P W Power, general —
R RN 1 Reynolds number
n
VL
v
s SP m Track length Measured along ship’s track
t TI s Time, general —
t° TEAI °C Air temperature —
A
t° TEWA °C Water temperature —
W
−1 b
V V m s Ship’s speed Speed through the water; usually
given for origin O
W WT N Ship’s weight —
Δ DISPM kg Displacement mass
ρ∇
Δ DISPF N Displacement force
F
ρ g∇
2 −1
ν VK m s Kinematic viscosity —
−3
ρ RHOWA kg m Water density —
−3
ρ RHOAI kg m Air density —
A
−1
ω OMN rad s Angular velocity —
Symbol and CC-Code can have the additional subscripts S (for ship) or M (for model) if necessary for distinction.
a
The unit kn, common in the navigation, may be used.
b
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
7.2 Geometrical quantities
7.2.1 Symbols for manoeuvring
Table 9 — Symbols and their definitions for geometrical quantities
Concept
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Term Definition or explanation
2
A AC m Canal cross section Cross section area of the canal.
C
Moulded lateral area up to DWL,
Lateral area below not including manoeuvring
2
A AL m
L
waterline devices, fixed and movable parts
of propulsors.
Lateral area of the ship above
Lateral area above
2
A ALV m DWL, generally without rigging,
LV
waterline
railings etc.
Sectional area of moulded hull
2
A AM m Midship section area parallel to yz-plane at MP between
M
BL and DWL.
For surface ships: straight line on
CL perpendicular to DWL through
its intersection with the moulded
stern contour (common practice
for naval ships) or through the
centreline of manoeuvring device
stock (common practice for
merchant ships).
AP AP — After perpendicular
For submarines with one shaft:
straight line perpendicular to MA
through the intersection of the aft
edge of stern tube with the
centreline of the shaft. For
submarines with several shafts, AP
has to be determined adequately.
For the movable part (including
2
A ARU m Rudder area flap); in way of a fixed post, aft of
R
the stock axis only.
For the flap movable relative to
2
A ARF m Flap area
RF
the rudder, aft of its hinge axis only.
Rudder area in the
2
A ARP m For rudder in neutral position.
RP
propeller race
2
A ART m Total rudder area A + A
RT R RX
2
A ARX m Fixed post area of a rudder Forward of the stock axis.
RX
2
A ASK m Skeg area For skeg or fixed fin.
SK
Maximum sectional area of
Maximum transverse
2
A AX m moulded hull parallel to the
X
section area
yz-plane up to the DWL.
Reference breadth of a ship;
B B m Breadth
usually B .
DWL
Maximum moulded breadth of
B BDWL m Breadth of design waterline
DWL
design waterline.
Line on CL parallel to DWL through
BL BL — Baseline
the moulded keel line at MP.
Centre of buoyancy of form
— —
Relative to Ñ .
B
displacement
∇
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Table 9 (continued)
Concept
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Term Definition or explanation
Distance between planes
perpendicular to the stock axis
b SP m Rudder span, general
through the extremities of the
rudder.
Distance between planes
perpendicular to the stock axis
through the extremities of the
b SPRU m Rudder span
R
movable part (including flap); in
way of a fixed post, aft of the stock
axis only.
Distance between planes
perpendicular to its hinge axis
b SPRUF m Flap span for a rudder
RF
through the extremities of the
flap, aft of its hinge axis only.
Distance between planes
perpendicular to the stock axis
b SPRUT m Total rudder span through the extremities of the
RT
total rudder including flap and
fixed post.
Distance between planes
perpendicular to the stock axis
b SPRUX m Fixed post span for a rudder through the extremities of the
RX
fixed post, forward of the stock
axis only.
For skeg or fixed fin: distance
between planes perpendicular to
b SPSK m Skeg span
SK
the skeg axis through the
extremities of the skeg
Vertical longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the hull; for
CL CL — Centreline plane
asymmetrical ships CL is to be
specified in a suitable manner.
Maximum profile length normal
c CH m Chord length, general
to the stock axis.
A
R
c CHME m Mean chord length, general
m
b
A
R
c CHMERU m Mean rudder chord length
mR
b
R
A
Mean flap chord length for a
RF
c CHMERUF m
mRF
rudder
b
RF
A
Mean total rudder chord
RT
c CHMERUT m
mRT
length
b
RT
A
Mean fixed post chord length
RX
c CHMERUX m
mRX
for a rudder
b
RX
A
SK
c CHMESK m Mean skeg chord length
mSK
b
SK
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Table 9 (continued)
Concept
Symbol CC-Code SI-Unit
Term Definition or explanation
Maximum profile length of the
movable part (including flap)
c CHRU m Rudder chord length normal to the stock axis; in way of
R
a fixed post, aft of the stock axis
only.
Maximum flap profile length
Flap chord length for a
c CHRUF m normal to its hinge axis; aft of the
RF
rudder
hinge axis only.
Maximum profile length, including
c CHRUT m Total rudder chord length flap and fixed post normal to the
RT
stock axis.
Maximum profile length of the
Fixed post chord length for fixed post normal to the rudder
c CHRUX m
RX
a rudder stock, forward of the stock axis
only.
Rudder root chord length, Profile length normal to the stock
c CHRT m
r
general axis on the inboard side.
On the inboard side of the
movable part (including flap),
c CHRRU m Rudder root chord length normal to the stock axis; in way of
rR
a fixed post, aft of the stock axis
only.
Flap root chord length for On the inboard side normal to its
c CHRRUF m
rRF
a rudder hinge axis, aft of the hinge axis only.
On the inboard side of the total
Total rudder root chord rudder including flap and fixed
c CHRRUT m
rRT
length post, measured normal to the
stock axis.
On the inboard side normal to the
Fixed post root chord
c CHRRUX m stock axis, forward of the stock
rRX
length for a rudder
axis only.
For skeg or fixed fin: on the
c CHRSK m Skeg root chord length inboard side normal to the skeg
rSK
axis.
For skeg or fixed fin: maximum
c CHSK m Skeg chord length profile length normal to the skeg
SK
axis.
Profile length on the outboard
c CHT m Tip chord length, general
t
side, normal to the stock axis.
On the outboard side of the
movable part (including flap),
c CHTRU m Rudder tip chord length normal to the stock axis; in way of
tR
a fixed post, aft of the stock axis
only.
On the outboard side normal to
Flap tip chord length for a
c CHTRUF m the hinge axis, aft of the hinge axis
tRF
rudder
only.
On the outboard side of the total
Total rudder tip chord
c CHTRUT m rudder including flap and fixed
tRT
length
post, normal to the stock axis.
On the outboard side normal to
Fixed post tip chord length
c CHTRUX m the stock axis, forward of the stock
tRX
for a rudder
axis only.
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ISO 13643-1:2017(E)
Table 9 (continued)
Concept
Symbol CC-Code SI
...
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