ISO/DIS 14577-5

Metallic materials -- Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters

Matériaux métalliques -- Essai de pénétration instrumenté pour la détermination de la dureté et de paramètres des matériaux

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 14577-5
ISO/TC 164/SC 3 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-04-14 2020-07-07
Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for
hardness and materials parameters —
Part 5:
Linear elastic dynamic instrumented indentation testing
(DIIT)
ICS: 77.040.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5 Testing machine .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6 Procedure of data evaluation and determination of materials parameter .............................................4

6.1 Designation of dynamic indentation hardness H .....................................................................................................

d 4

6.2 Designation of dynamic reduced modulus E ..............................................................................................................

rd 5

7 Test procedure ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

8 Uncertainty of results ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

9 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Annex A (informative) Estimation of dynamic behaviour of the actuator .....................................................................7

Annex B (informative) Estimation of uncertainty ................................................................................................................................... 8

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals,

Subcommittee SC 3, Hardness testing.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14577 series can be found on the ISO website.
— Part 1: Test method
— Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines
— Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
— Part 4: Test method for metallic and non-metallic coatings
— Part 5: Linear elastic dynamic instrumented indentation testing (DIIT)

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
Introduction

Hardness has typically been defined as the resistance of a material to permanent penetration by

another harder material. The results obtained when performing Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell tests are

determined after the test force has been removed. Therefore, the effect of elastic deformation under the

indenter has been ignored.

ISO 14577 (all parts) has been prepared to enable the user to evaluate the indentation of materials by

considering both the force and displacement during plastic and elastic deformation. By monitoring the

complete cycle of increasing and removal of the test force, hardness values equivalent to traditional

hardness values can be determined.

This part of ISO 14577 has been prepared to enable the user by considering the material properties

indentation modulus and elasto-plastic hardness, when dynamic indentation test techniques are used

to improve instrumented indentation test techniques.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for
hardness and materials parameters —
Part 5:
Linear elastic dynamic instrumented indentation testing
(DIIT)
1 Scope

This part of ISO 14577 specifies the method of dynamic linear elastic instrumented indentation test

for determination of indentation hardness and indentation modulus of materials showing elastic-

plastic behaviour when oscillatory force or displacement is applied to the indenter while the load or

displacement is held constant at a prescribed target value or while the indenter is continuously loaded

to a prescribed target load or target depth.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 14577-1, Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters —

Part 1: Test method

ISO 14577-2, Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters —

Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines

ISO 14577-3, Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters —

Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks

ISO 14577-4, Metallic materials — Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters —

Part 4: Test method for metallic and non-metallic coatings
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14577-1, ISO 14577-2,

ISO 14577-3 and ISO 14577-4 and in Table 1 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)
Table 1 — Symbols and designations
Symbols Designations Unit
h Depth of the contact of the indenter with the test piece at F mm
dc dmax
F(h) Test force at depth h mN
A (h ) Projected area of contact at distance h from the tip mm
p dc dc
F Maximum value of force oscillation mN
dmax
F (t) Instantenious value of the oscillating force mN
h Maximum value of displacement oscillation nm
dmax
h (t) Instantenious value of the oscillating displacement nm
f Frequency of oscillation s
ω Angular frequency of oscillation (ω = 2πf ) s
S Dynamic stiffness (stiffness of the contact at F ) mN/nm
d dmax
k Dynamic Stiffness of the indenter shaft supporting springs mN/nm
m Oscillating mass (indenter and shaft) g
E Dynamic reduced modulus of the contact GPa
H Dynamic indentation hardness GPa
4 Principle

A harmonic force or displacement oscillation with a known angular frequency, ω, and maximum value,

is applied to the indenter being in contact with the specimen during loading and/or any holding period.

Commonly the force, F (t) Formula (1), is controlled while the resulting displacement, h (t) Formula (2),

d d

is measured. The transfer function F /h can be determined simultaneously during the test or

dmax dmax
post-test.
Ft()=Ftsin()ω (1)
ddmax
ht()=htsin()ω (2)
ddmax

NOTE Because this standard applies only to linear elastic deformation, Formula (1) and Formula (2) are not

taking into account any phase difference. In case of materials showing visco elastic-material behaviour, a phase

difference Δφ between the phase angles of the displacement, h (t) relative to the force, F (t) can be observed.

d d

To calculate the dynamic stiffness of the contact S , the kinematic behaviour of the sample and the

actuator is modeled by a simple harmonic oscillator moving in one direction (Figure 1). This model

describes only pure elastic material behaviour. The dynamic characteristics of the actuator, dynamic

stiffness of the indenter shaft supporting springs, k , instrumented damping coefficient as functions of

the frequency f and the oscillating mass m of the actuator (indenter plus shaft), must be known and are

assumed to be constant. The mass of the sample volume influenced during oscillation must be negligible

in comparison to the moving mass-of the instrument.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 14577-5:2020(E)

Figure 1 — Kinematic l model of tip specimen interaction including dynamic behaviour of the

instrument

Applying this model, the magnitude of the transfer function F /h is given by Formula (3).

dmax dmax
dmax
=+Sk −mω (3)
dmax

If the value of the transfer function is known, the dynamic contact stiffness, S , can be calculated

Formula (4).
dmax
S =− km+ ω (4)
d S
dmax
5 Testing machine

5.1 The testing machine shall be able to drive the actuator with a constant frequency and amplitude of

force or displacement with simultaneously measuring the resulting dynamic displacement or force. This

may be done directly from the measured oscillation or by using a phase-lock amplifier.

5.2 The testing machine shall be calibrated according to ISO 14577-2 and shall be calibrated for the

measurement of dynamic force, dynamic displacement and frequency.

For the direct calibration of the measurement of dynamic displacement an interferometer working at

GHz can be used. For the direct calib
...