ISO 15016:2015
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Guidelines for the assessment of speed and power performance by analysis of speed trial data
Ships and marine technology — Guidelines for the assessment of speed and power performance by analysis of speed trial data
The primary purpose of speed and power trials is to determine a ship's performance in terms of ship's speed, power and propeller shaft speed under prescribed ship's conditions and thereby verify the satisfactory attainment of a ship's speed stipulated by EEDI regulations and/or contract. ISO 15016:2015 defines and specifies the following procedures to be applied in the preparation, execution, analysis and reporting of speed trials for ships, with reference to the effects which may have an influence upon the speed, power and propeller shaft speed relationship: · the responsibility of each party involved, · the trial preparations, · the ship's condition, · the limiting weather and sea conditions, · the trial procedure, · the execution of the trial, · the measurements required, · the data acquisition and recording, · the procedures for the evaluation and correction, · the processing of the results. The contracted ship's speed and the ship's speed for EEDI are determined for stipulated conditions and at specific draughts (contract draught and/or EEDI draught). For EEDI, the environmental conditions are: no wind, no waves, no current and deep water of 15°C. Normally, such stipulated conditions are unlikely to be experienced in part or in full during the actual trials. In practice, certain corrections for the environmental conditions such as water depth, surface wind, waves, current and deviating ship draught, have to be considered. For this purpose, during the speed and power trials, not only are shaft power and ship's speed measured, but also relevant ship data and environmental conditions. The applicability of ISO 15016:2015 is limited to ships of the displacement type.
Navires et technologie maritime — Lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des performances de vitesse et de puissance par analyse des données d'essais de vitesse
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15016
Second edition
2015-04-01
Ships and marine technology —
Guidelines for the assessment of
speed and power performance by
analysis of speed trial data
Navires et technologie maritime — Lignes directrices pour
l’évaluation des performances de vitesse et de puissance par analyse
des données d’essais de vitesse
Reference number
ISO 15016:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
4.1 Symbols . 4
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 8
5 Responsibilities . 8
5.1 Ship builders’ responsibilities . 8
5.2 The Trial Team. 9
6 Trial preparations . 9
6.1 Step 1: Installation and Calibration . 9
6.2 Step 2: S/P trial agenda and pre-trial meeting .10
7 Ship’s condition.11
7.1 Displacement .11
7.2 Trim .11
7.3 Hull and propeller .11
8 Trial boundary conditions .11
8.1 Location .12
8.2 Wind .12
8.3 Sea state .12
8.4 Water depth .13
8.5 Current .14
9 Trial procedures .14
9.1 Parameters that shall be recorded .14
9.2 Parameters measured during each run .14
9.3 Parameters measured at the speed trial site .15
9.4 General information .15
9.5 Tank test information .15
9.6 Scope and conduct of the measurements .16
9.6.1 Ship track and speed over ground .16
9.6.2 Torque .16
9.6.3 Wind .16
9.6.4 Water depth . .16
9.6.5 Waves .16
9.6.6 Temperature and density .17
9.6.7 Current.17
10 Conduct of the trial .17
10.1 Initiation .17
10.2 Ship’s track during trial .17
10.3 Run duration and timing .18
10.4 Trial direction .18
10.5 Steering .18
10.6 Approach .18
10.7 Number of speed runs .18
10.7.1 ‘Iterative’ method .18
10.7.2 ‘Mean of means’ method .19
11 Data acquisition.19
11.1 General data .20
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
11.2 Data on each run .20
11.3 Acquisition system .21
11.3.1 Minimum data .21
11.3.2 System requirements .21
11.3.3 Location .22
11.4 Manual data collection .22
12 Analysis procedure .24
12.1 General remarks .24
12.2 Description of the analysis procedure .24
12.2.1 Resistance data derived from the acquired data .25
12.2.2 Evaluation of the acquired data .25
12.2.3 Evaluation based on Direct Power Method .26
12.2.4 Correction of the measured ship’s speed due to the effect of current .29
12.2.5 Correction of the ship’s speed due to the effects of shallow water .30
12.2.6 Correction of the ship’s performance due to the effects of displacement .30
12.2.7 Conversion of power curve from trial condition to full load/
stipulated condition .30
13 Processing of the results .30
14 Reporting .31
15 Example of speed trial data analysis .32
Annex A (normative) General information and trial log sheet .34
Annex B (normative) Beaufort scale for wind velocity .35
Annex C (normative) Resistance increase due to wind .38
Annex D (normative) Resistance increase due to waves .48
Annex E (normative) Effect of water temperature and water density.61
Annex F (normative) Effect of current .62
Annex G (normative) Effect of shallow water .66
Annex H (normative) Effect of displacement .67
Annex I (normative) Conversion from trial condition to other stipulated load conditions .68
Annex J (normative) Derivation of load variation coefficients .70
Annex K (informative) Analysis of direct power method .75
Bibliography .85
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 6, Navigation and ship operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15016:2002), which has been
technically revised.
Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J form a normative part of this International Standard, whereas
Annex K is informative.
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard concerns the method of analysing the results obtained from speed trials.
The primary purpose of speed and power trials is to determine a ship’s performance in terms of
ship’s speed, power and propeller shaft speed under prescribed ship’s conditions and thereby verify
the satisfactory attainment of a ship’s speed stipulated by Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
regulations and/or contract. Ship’s speed is that realized under conditions stipulated by contract and/or
EEDI regulations, which are usually; smooth hull and propeller surfaces, no wind, no waves, no current
and deep water of 15°C.
In general it cannot be expected that all such stipulated conditions will be met during the actual trials. In
practice, certain corrections for the environmental conditions have to be considered, such as for water
[1][2]
depth, wind, waves and current .
The purpose of this International Standard is to define the basic requirements for the performance
of speed trials, and provide procedures for evaluation and correction of speed trial data, covering all
influences which may be relevant to the individual trial runs based on sound scientific grounds, thereby
enabling owners and others to have confidence in the validity of the final results.
This International Standard is intended to help the interested parties achieve the desired target accuracy
of, within 2 % in shaft power and 0,1 kn in speed.
The procedure specified in this International Standard has been developed largely on the basis of published
data on speed trials and on ship’s performance, the more important among them being listed in Clause 2.
ISO has invited the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) to co-operate on the development
of a new standard for speed/power trials taking into account the new guidelines issued by ITTC and
approved by MEPC65 for EEDI. The contribution of the STA-group and the ITTC is highly appreciated.
Substitution of terms clause
This International Standard is generally applied to those ships for which survey and certification of EEDI
is required under International Maritime Organization (IMO) Resolution MEPC.214(63) [as amended
by MEPC.234(65)]. In the case of other ships, to which the above IMO resolutions are not applicable,
the terms or phrases of this International Standard are deemed to be replaced as necessary (e.g.
“agreement between the Shipbuilder, the Owner and the Verifier” shall be read as “agreement between
the Shipbuilder and the Owner” etc.)
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15016:2015(E)
Ships and marine technology — Guidelines for the
assessment of speed and power performance by analysis of
speed trial data
1 Scope
The primary purpose of speed and power trials is to determine a ship’s performance in terms of ship’s
speed, power and propeller shaft speed under prescribed ship’s conditions and thereby verify the
satisfactory attainment of a ship’s speed stipulated by EEDI regulations and/or contract.
This International Standard defines and specifies the following procedures to be applied in the
preparation, execution, analysis and reporting of speed trials for ships, with reference to the effects
which may have an influence upon the speed, power and propeller shaft speed relationship:
— the responsibility of each party involved,
— the trial preparations,
— the ship’s condition,
— the limiting weather and sea conditions,
— the trial procedure,
— the execution of the trial,
— the measurements required,
— the data acquisition and recording,
— the procedures for the evaluation and correction,
— the processing of the results.
The contracted ship’s speed and the ship’s speed for EEDI are determined for stipulated conditions and
at specific draughts (contract draught and/or EEDI draught). For EEDI, the environmental conditions
are: no wind, no waves, no current and deep water of 15°C.
Normally, such stipulated conditions are unlikely to be experienced in part or in full during the actual
trials. In practice, certain corrections for the environmental conditions such as water depth, surface
wind, waves, current and deviating ship draught, have to be considered. For this purpose, during the
speed and power trials, not only are shaft power and ship’s speed measured, but also relevant ship data
and environmental conditions.
The applicability of this International Standard is limited to ships of the displacement type.
In this International Standard, it was decided that the unit to express the amount of an angle should be
“rad” (radian) and that the unit of speed should be “m/s” (metres per second). Nevertheless, “°” (degree)
as a unit for an angle and “knots” as a unit for speed may be used. However, the units for the angles and
speeds which appear in calculation formulas are to be “rad” and “m/s” without exception. Moreover, for
the convenience of the users of this International Standard, numerical values using the units of degree
and knots are stated jointly at appropriate places.
If it is physically impossible to meet the conditions in this International Standard, a practical treatment is
allowed based on the documented mutual agreement among the Owner, the Verifier and the Shipbuilder.
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ITTC 7.5-04-01-01.4:2002, ITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines, Speed and Power Trials, Part 4:
Instrumentation Installation and Calibration
ITTC 7.5-02-07-02.2, ITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines, Prediction of Power Increase in
Irregular Waves from Model Test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
brake power
power delivered by the output coupling of the propulsion machinery before passing through any speed-
reducing and transmission devices
3.2
contract power
brake power or shaft power that is stipulated in the new build or conversion contract between the
Shipbuilder and the Owner
3.3
contract speed
ship’s speed to be achieved as agreed within the terms of the new build/conversion contract
3.4
Double Run
two consecutive speed runs at the same power setting on reciprocal headings
Note 1 to entry: See 3.16 for speed runs.
3.5
EEDI
Energy Efficiency Design Index as formulated by IMO
3.6
EEDI power
brake power that is stipulated by the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations
3.7
EEDI Speed
ship’s speed achieved under the conditions specified by the IMO Resolution MEPC.245(66) (as amended)
3.8
ideal conditions
ideal weather and sea conditions: no wind, no waves, no current and deep water of 15°C
3.9
measured ship’s speed
ship’s speed during a speed run derived from the headway distance between start and end position and
the elapsed time of the speed run
3.10
Owner
party that signed the new building or conversion contract with the Shipbuilder
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
3.11
power setting
setting of engine throttle and propeller shaft speed for fixed pitch propellers and setting of the pitch
angle for controllable pitch propellers
3.12
propeller pitch
design pitch for a fixed pitch propeller
3.13
pitch angle
operating pitch angle of a Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP)
3.14
shaft power
net power supplied by the propulsion machinery to the propulsion shafting after passing through all
speed-reducing and other devices and after power for all attached auxiliaries has been taken off and
accounting for losses in shaft between propeller and the location of power measurement at the shaft
3.15
Shipbuilder
shipyard that signed the new building or conversion contract with the Owner
3.16
ship’s speed
speed of the ship that is realised under the stipulated conditions
Note 1 to entry: See also measured ship’s speed, contract speed and EEDI speed.
3.17
sister ships
ships with identical main dimensions, body lines, appendages and propulsion system built in a series by
the same Shipyard
3.18
S/P trials
speed and power trials to establish the relationship between power and speed for a particular ship
3.19
S/P trial agenda
document outlining the scope of a particular S/P trial
3.20
speed run
ship’s track with specified heading, distance and duration for which the measured ship’s speed and shaft
power are calculated
Note 1 to entry: This International Standard contains the procedures on how to conduct the trial and table(s)
portraying the runs to be conducted.
3.21
tank tests
model tank tests for the prediction of the speed power relation for the stipulated conditions
3.22
trial baseline
the track of the first S/P run
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ISO 15016:2015(E)
3.23
Trial Leader
duly authorised (Shipbuilder’s representative) person responsible for the execution of all phases of the
S/P trials including the pre-trial preparation
3.24
trial log
all the data recorded before, during and after the S/P trial
3.25
Trial Team
team that consists of the Trial Leader, the Owner’s representative, the appointed persons responsible for
the S/P trial measurements and, if the ship requires EEDI, the Verifier
3.26
Verifier
third party responsible for verification of the EEDI
3.27
zero pitch
Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP) blade angle at which the pitch angle at the representative radius is
equivalent to zero
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
A is the lateral projected area above the waterline including superstructures
LV
A is the midship section area under water
M
A is the lateral projected area of superstructures above upper deck
OD
a , b , c are the factors for the torque coefficient curve
Q Q Q
a , b , c are the factors for the thrust coefficient curve
T T T
A is the transverse projected area above the waterline including superstructures in square metres
XV
B is the ship’s breadth
B(x) is the sectional breadth
B is the bluntness coefficient
f
C is the wind resistance coefficient; C (0) means the wind resistance coefficient in head wind
AA AA
C is the block coefficient
B
C is the frictional resistance coefficient for the actual water temperature and water density
F
C is the frictional resistance coefficient for the reference water temperature and water density
F0
C is the horizontal distance from midship section to centre of lateral projected area A , where +
MC LV
means forw
...
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