ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
(Main)Information technology — Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated devices — Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
Information technology — Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated devices — Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014 provides a set of instructions for prototype evaluation of Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) which may incorporate contactless integrated circuits. Prototype evaluation is an instrument to establish the ability in principle of a specific type of document to fulfil the requirements of use. It supplies a structured approach to evaluate Machine Readable Passports by: defining reproducible stress methods to submit the document(s) under evaluation to specific stress or environmental conditions; defining reproducible evaluation methods to measure numerical values for specific document properties; defining test sequences that specify the order in which stress methods and evaluation methods are to be performed; defining test plans to link specific user requirements to test sequences and related parameters. It specifies the minimum criteria to be achieved in order to meet ICAO's expectations for durability of fully personalized MRPs.
Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essais pour documents de voyage lisibles par machine et dispositifs associés — Partie 1: Méthodes d'essais physiques pour livrets de passeport (durabilité)
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ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 18745-1
18745-1
Information
technology
Test methods
for machine readable
travel documents (MRTD)
and associated devices
Part 1 : Physical test methods
for passport books
(durability)
First edition
2014-03-01
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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SC 17, Cards and personal identification
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2 © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
Executive summary
• The advantages of machine readable travel documents (MRTDs) include the
reduction of errors, faster processing times and a decrease in the instances of
passport forgery.
• The durability and quality of MRTDs are a priority for both travellers and the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), responsible for the world’s
airways.
• This has become especially important since the introduction of contactless chips
(integrated circuits) into travel documents that have a life cycle of up to 10 years.
• ISO/IEC 18745-1 provides a set of instructions for the process of testing the
design of machine-readable passports (MRPs), often using new technologies and
components.
• It supplies a means for ranking and comparing the main factors affecting the
service life of MRPs.
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
Contents Page
Executive summary .3
Foreword .7
0 Introduction .8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Abbreviations. 12
5 Methodology . 13
6 Guidance to the Tester . 14
6.1 Number of Samples .14
6.2 Preparation .14
6.3 Sampling .15
6.4 Storage .15
7 Common Method Information . 15
7.1 Default Environment .15
7.2 Climatic conditions .15
7.3 Tolerances .15
7.4 Default MRP holder .15
8 Stress Methods . 15
8.1 Conditioning Stress Method .16
8.2 Thermal Cycling Stress Method .17
8.3 Storage Temperature Stress Method .17
8.4 Operational Temperature Stress Method .19
8.5 Impact Stress Method .19
8.6 Book Bend Stress Method (Back Pocket) .22
8.7 Dynamic Bend Stress Method .24
8.8 Torsion Stress Method .28
8.9 Sheet Turning Stress Method .29
8.10 Sheet Pull Stress Method .30
8.11 Abrasion Stress Method .31
8.12 Pen Stress Method .33
8.13 Resistance to Chemicals Stress Method .35
8.14 Artificial Daylight Exposure Stress Method .37
8.15 X-Ray Stress Method .38
9 Evaluation methods . 38
9.1 Functional PIC Evaluation Method .39
9.2 Physical Damage Evaluation Method .39
9.3 Peel Strength Evaluation Method .40
9.4 Colour Fastness Evaluation Method .41
9.5 Datapage and Cover Warpage Evaluation Method .42
9.6 Book Warpage Evaluation Method .44
10 Test sequences . 46
10.1 General .46
10.2 Instructions for using the Sequence Table .46
10.3 Sheet Binding Sequence .47
10.4 Storage Climate Sequence .47
4 © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
10.5 Operational Climate Sequence .48
10.6 Impact Sequence .48
10.7 Back Pocket Sequence .49
10.8 Torsion Fatigue Sequence .50
10.9 Delamination Sequence .51
10.10 Bending Fatigue Sequence .51
10.11 Thermal Cycling Sequence .52
10.12 Colour Fastness Sequence .53
10.13 Resistance to Chemicals Sequence.53
10.14 Pen Sequence .54
10.15 Datapage Abrasion Sequence .55
10.16 X-Ray Sequence .56
11 Test plans. 56
11.1 General .56
11.2 Minimum Level Test Plan .57
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardiza-
tion. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of
International Standards through technical committees established by the respective
organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint techni-
cal committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated
to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval
by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any
or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 18745-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and personal identification.
ISO/IEC 18745 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technol-
ogy — Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated devices —
— Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
— Part 2: Test methods for the contactless interface
— Part 3: Test methods for the LDS and security protocols
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 7
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
0 Introduction
0.1 General
ICAO Doc 9303 provides the basic functional specification for Machine Readable Travel
Documents (MRTDs) and, together with the Supplement, which is published from time
to time, describes all relevant properties of MRTDs. Machine Readable Passports (MRPs)
th
are a subset of all MRTDs. The publication of the Part 1 of the 6 edition of Doc 9303
introduces the contactless integrated circuit to the MRP. Such a passport containing a
contactless integrated circuit is commonly referred to as an e-Passport.
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 provides a set of instructions for prototype evaluation of
Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) which may incorporate contactless integrated
circuits. Prototype evaluation is an instrument to establish the ability in principle of a
specific type of document to fulfil the requirements of use. The procedure of prototype
evaluation, therefore, is also referred to as “Type Evaluation”.
This document is a companion to ICAO Doc 9303. It specifies the minimum criteria to be
achieved in order to meet ICAO’s expectations for durability of fully personalized MRPs.
Therefore, by its existence, and endorsement by ICAO, this document implicitly defines
additional requirements for passports above and beyond Doc 9303. Some of the tests
described herein are also intended to serve as an instrument for the assessment of the
ageing behaviour of the MRP and its components.
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 updates and replaces document “Technical Report – Durability
Of Machine Readable Passports – Version 3.2 – Date 2006-08-30” published by ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization).
0.2 Future Considerations
Where technologies or combinations of technologies are to be applied in a MRP, which are
not covered by the test methods described below, it is recommended to define such test
methods based on available methods described in ISO/IEC or any other accepted inter-
national standard organization in cooperation with the suppliers of such technologies.
Today, there is no stable state of the art regarding the correlation between stress and
ageing, neither for previously existing nor for oncoming types of MRP. The tests that can
be described at the present stage may contribute to improve such knowledge but need
to be considered preliminary. It is important to notice that ultimately, reliable and pre-
dictably useful correlations can only be achieved by continuously comparing the ageing
behaviour of documents in real use to the predictions made. Such predictions are based
on assumptions that, in particular if novel and unusual technologies and components are
used, are in many cases unproven and preliminary in nature.
It is one of the aims of this standard to help in the task of establishing sound correlations.
This is done by providing tools for executing tests with comparable results for a multitude
of acting parties. Comparable results are a prerequisite to encourage the execution of
field surveys in quality related research and their use for a continuous improvement not
only of this standard but also of the quality of MRPs on a global basis.
0.3 Other Uses for this Document
8
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
The tests defined in this document may also be appropriate for other forms of MRTD,
however, they may require modification before use.
Where applicable, tests may be used to evaluate characteristics of non-personalized MRPs
or materials used to make MRPs.
Type Evaluation is usually a one-time exercise in the life cycle of a specific type of docu-
ment. However the same test procedures may be useful for the proper definition of qual-
ity assurance procedures during the regular production of MRTDs. In the framework of
the contractual relationship between a manufacturer and his customer(s) it is common
practice to establish an expected quality level for the MRTDs in the delivery contract,
and also to specify acceptance criteria for individual deliveries in executing the contract.
On the other hand, it is good practice to leave it with the manufacturer to decide on the
production quality measures to assure this quality level.
This International Standard has been carefully designed to provide the user with a set
of tools for evaluating MRPs, whether it be Prototype Evaluation, Delivery Acceptance,
or any other purpose.
0.4 Terminology
For ICAO, keywords are SHALL, which means mandatory, and SHOULD, which is optional
but is considered best practices.
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 9
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 provides a set of instructions for prototype evaluation of
Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) which may incorporate contactless integrated circuits.
Prototype evaluation is an instrument to establish the ability in principle of a specific
type of document to fulfil the requirements of use. It supplies a structured approach to
evaluate Machine Readable Passports by:
— defining reproducible stress methods to submit the document(s) under evaluation
to specific stress or environmental conditions;
— defining reproducible evaluation methods to measure numerical values for specific
document properties;
— defining test sequences that specify the order in which stress methods and
evaluation methods are to be performed;
— defining test plans to link specific user requirements to test sequences and related
parameters.
It specifies the minimum criteria to be achieved in order to meet ICAO’s expectations for
durability of fully personalized MRPs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docu-
ment and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO 105-A02:1993, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A02: Grey scale for assessing
change in colour
ISO 105-B02, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial
light: Xenon arc fading lamp test
ISO 105-E04, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part E04: Colour fastness to perspiration
ISO 1302, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Indication of surface texture in tech-
nical product documentation
ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of the effect of liquids
ISO 2439:2008, Flexible cellular polymeric materials — Determination of hardness (inden-
tation technique)
ISO/IEC 7810, Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7810:2003/Amd.1:2009, Identification cards — Physical characteristics —
Amendment 1: Criteria for cards containing integrated circuits
ISO/IEC 7816-1, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 1: Cards with con-
tacts — Physical characteristics
10 © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 9352:2012, Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
ISO/IEC 10373-1, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 1: General characteristics
ISO/IEC 10373-6, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2001/Amd.7:2010, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity
cards — Amendment 7: Test methods for ePassport
ISO 12040:1997, Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment of light fast-
ness using filtered xenon arc light
ISO 12757-1:1998, Ball point pens and refills — Part 1: General use
ISO 12757-2:1998, Ball point pens and refills — Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)
ASTM E 832 - 81 (Reapproved 2003), Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
1)
ICAO Doc 9303, Part 1, 6th edition, 2006, Machine Readable Travel Documents
2)
ICAO Supplement to Doc 9303 as published from time to time
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
chip sheet
sheet containing a chip
3.2
constant
fixed values that can be given to parameters (within methods) when defining a sequence
or test plan
3.3
evaluation method
method to measure numerical values for specific document properties
3.4
evaluation result
all numerical values related to document properties measured upon performing a test
sequence
3.5
method
instruction or set of instructions defining equipment and related tools and materials in
an experimental setup, including general advice on their use in a specific test procedure.
1) Published on the ICAO web site under http://www.icao.int/ .
2) Published on the ICAO web site under http://www.icao.int/ .
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 11
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
3.6
page
any single side of an individual sheet of the MRP
3.7
parameter
variable quantity within a test procedure that is not part of the instructions describing
the procedure; in particular, experimental parameters that need to be controlled dur-
ing the test sequence but whose values and/or tolerances are not explicitly defined in a
specific stress or evaluation method or sequence
3.8
sheet
any structure having a free edge and an opposite edge attached to the spine making up
the MRP including covers, datapage, visa pages, observation pages, and chip sheet
Note 1 to entry: Each sheet has 2 pages.
3.9
stress method
experimental setup and procedure that may or may not deteriorate or destroy the docu-
ment under examination
3.10
test instruction
distinct piece of information required within the framework of test execution
3.11
test plan
list of test sequences and their specific test parameters and expected evaluation results
3.12
test procedure
set of instructions to be followed in order to obtain a test result
3.13
test sequence
test procedure that comprises a number of different methods in a defined order of execution
3.14
type evaluation
type approval
process of testing a design (type of documents produced while using a common material
and component basis and the same manufacturing processes, including same production
quality assurance process) to ensure it is compliant-in-principle with the specifications
4 Abbreviations
IC Integrated Circuit
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
12 © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
MRP Machine Readable Passport
MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document
PCD Proximity Coupling Device
PIC Proximity Integrated Circuit (note, Doc 9303 uses CIC (contactless integrated cir-
cuit) and PIC interchangeably)
5 Methodology
The systemic approach used in this document provides three structural levels to define
a complete test specification for MRPs.
The first level deals with methods to exert defined stresses to documents and to evaluate
the results of such stresses. The second level deals with predefined sequences of stresses
and related evaluations using the methods defined in level 1. The third level specifies
the lists of test sequences and the individual quantities of test specimens to be subject to
each sequence. The purpose is to include in such lists all sequences that are considered
necessary to achieve type approval for a specific type of MRP with specific lifetime and
usage expectations. This is referred to as a test plan.
This approach provides flexibility in creating individual test plans appropriate for varying
user requirements and MRP specifications without increasing the variety of basic test-
ing methods beyond a strict minimum. It also allows the use of a parameterized method
description; parameters, which may be explicitly specified on the sequence and/or test,
plan level.
In this way this Test Specification provides the entire toolset for prototype evaluation
of MRPs.
Table 1 — Hierarchical Approach for Test Methodology
Level Subject Description Degree of Clause
variance
1 Stress methods The purpose is to submit the document(s) under Parameters 8
evaluation to specific stress or environmental
conditions in a well-defined experimental setup
that ensures reproducibility.
1 Evaluation methods The purpose is to measure numerical values for Parameters 9
specific document properties using well-defined
and reproducible experimental setups that may
or may not deteriorate or destroy the document
under examination.
2 Test sequences Sequence of use of the above methods in per- Constants 10
forming a complete test. and Param-
eters
3 Test plans Scenarios which link the user requirements to Constants 11
specific test sequences and related parameters
used for the tests on the one hand and to specific
test results on the other.
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved 13
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014
Each sequence is composed of stress methods and evaluation methods executed in a spe-
cific order. A test plan is composed of one or more individual sequence(s) that is linked
to a specific set of documents and user requirements. See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Relationship between Methods, Sequences and Test Plans
6 Guidance to the Tester
6.1 Number of Samples
References are given to a single MRP. However, multiple MRP samples may be tested
simultaneously depending on the size and construction of the test apparatus.
6.2 Preparation
Test samples shall be either finished MRPs or be prepared from finished MRPs having
passed the entire production process including visual personalization with a dataset
considered typical for the specific type of passport. Initialisation and personalization of
the chip may be done in an arbitrary way as long as the chip is able to support the
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18745-1
First edition
2014-03-01
Information technology — Test
methods for machine readable travel
documents (MRTD) and associated
devices —
Part 1:
Physical test methods for passport
books (durability)
Technologies de l’information — Méthodes d’essais pour documents
de voyage lisibles par machine et dispositifs associés —
Partie 1: Méthodes d’essais physiques pour livrets de passeport
(durabilité)
Reference number
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2014
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
0 Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviations. 3
5 Methodology . 4
6 Guidance to the Tester . 5
6.1 Number of Samples . 5
6.2 Preparation . 5
6.3 Sampling . 5
6.4 Storage . 6
7 Common Method Information . 6
7.1 Default Environment . 6
7.2 Climatic conditions . 6
7.3 Tolerances . 6
7.4 Default MRP holder . 7
8 Stress Methods . 7
8.1 Conditioning Stress Method . 7
8.2 Thermal Cycling Stress Method . 8
8.3 Storage Temperature Stress Method . 9
8.4 Operational Temperature Stress Method .10
8.5 Impact Stress Method .10
8.6 Book Bend Stress Method (Back Pocket) .13
8.7 Dynamic Bend Stress Method .15
8.8 Torsion Stress Method .18
8.9 Sheet Turning Stress Method .20
8.10 Sheet Pull Stress Method .21
8.11 Abrasion Stress Method .22
8.12 Pen Stress Method .23
8.13 Resistance to Chemicals Stress Method .25
8.14 Artificial Daylight Exposure Stress Method .27
8.15 X-Ray Stress Method .27
9 Evaluation methods .28
9.1 Functional PIC Evaluation Method .28
9.2 Physical Damage Evaluation Method .28
9.3 Peel Strength Evaluation Method .29
9.4 Colour Fastness Evaluation Method .30
9.5 Datapage and Cover Warpage Evaluation Method .31
9.6 Book Warpage Evaluation Method .33
10 Test sequences .35
10.1 General .35
10.2 Instructions for using the Sequence Table .35
10.3 Sheet Binding Sequence .35
10.4 Storage Climate Sequence .36
10.5 Operational Climate Sequence .36
10.6 Impact Sequence .37
10.7 Back Pocket Sequence .38
10.8 Torsion Fatigue Sequence .38
10.9 Delamination Sequence .39
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
10.10 Bending Fatigue Sequence .39
10.11 Thermal Cycling Sequence .40
10.12 Colour Fastness Sequence .41
10.13 Resistance to Chemicals Sequence.42
10.14 Pen Sequence .42
10.15 Datapage Abrasion Sequence .43
10.16 X-Ray Sequence .43
11 Test plans.44
11.1 General .44
11.2 Minimum Level Test Plan .44
iv © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 18745-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and personal identification.
ISO/IEC 18745 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Test
methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated devices —
— Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
— Part 2: Test methods for the contactless interface
— Part 3: Test methods for the LDS and security protocols
© ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
0 Introduction
0.1 General
ICAO Doc 9303 provides the basic functional specification for Machine Readable Travel Documents
(MRTDs) and, together with the Supplement, which is published from time to time, describes all relevant
properties of MRTDs. Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) are a subset of all MRTDs. The publication of
th
the Part 1 of the 6 edition of Doc 9303 introduces the contactless integrated circuit to the MRP. Such a
passport containing a contactless integrated circuit is commonly referred to as an e-Passport.
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 provides a set of instructions for prototype evaluation of Machine Readable
Passports (MRPs) which may incorporate contactless integrated circuits. Prototype evaluation is an
instrument to establish the ability in principle of a specific type of document to fulfil the requirements
of use. The procedure of prototype evaluation, therefore, is also referred to as “Type Evaluation”.
This document is a companion to ICAO Doc 9303. It specifies the minimum criteria to be achieved in
order to meet ICAO’s expectations for durability of fully personalized MRPs. Therefore, by its existence,
and endorsement by ICAO, this document implicitly defines additional requirements for passports above
and beyond Doc 9303. Some of the tests described herein are also intended to serve as an instrument for
the assessment of the ageing behaviour of the MRP and its components.
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 updates and replaces document “Technical Report – Durability Of Machine
Readable Passports – Version 3.2 – Date 2006-08-30” published by ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organization).
0.2 Future Considerations
Where technologies or combinations of technologies are to be applied in a MRP, which are not covered
by the test methods described below, it is recommended to define such test methods based on available
methods described in ISO/IEC or any other accepted international standard organization in cooperation
with the suppliers of such technologies.
Today, there is no stable state of the art regarding the correlation between stress and ageing, neither for
previously existing nor for oncoming types of MRP. The tests that can be described at the present stage
may contribute to improve such knowledge but need to be considered preliminary. It is important to
notice that ultimately, reliable and predictably useful correlations can only be achieved by continuously
comparing the ageing behaviour of documents in real use to the predictions made. Such predictions are
based on assumptions that, in particular if novel and unusual technologies and components are used,
are in many cases unproven and preliminary in nature.
It is one of the aims of this standard to help in the task of establishing sound correlations. This is done by
providing tools for executing tests with comparable results for a multitude of acting parties. Comparable
results are a prerequisite to encourage the execution of field surveys in quality related research and
their use for a continuous improvement not only of this standard but also of the quality of MRPs on a
global basis.
0.3 Other Uses for this Document
The tests defined in this document may also be appropriate for other forms of MRTD, however, they may
require modification before use.
Where applicable, tests may be used to evaluate characteristics of non-personalized MRPs or materials
used to make MRPs.
Type Evaluation is usually a one-time exercise in the life cycle of a specific type of document. However
the same test procedures may be useful for the proper definition of quality assurance procedures
during the regular production of MRTDs. In the framework of the contractual relationship between
a manufacturer and his customer(s) it is common practice to establish an expected quality level for
the MRTDs in the delivery contract, and also to specify acceptance criteria for individual deliveries in
vi © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
executing the contract. On the other hand, it is good practice to leave it with the manufacturer to decide
on the production quality measures to assure this quality level.
This International Standard has been carefully designed to provide the user with a set of tools for
evaluating MRPs, whether it be Prototype Evaluation, Delivery Acceptance, or any other purpose.
0.4 Terminology
For ICAO, keywords are SHALL, which means mandatory, and SHOULD, which is optional but is
considered best practices.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
Information technology — Test methods for machine
readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated
devices —
Part 1:
Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18745 provides a set of instructions for prototype evaluation of Machine Readable
Passports (MRPs) which may incorporate contactless integrated circuits. Prototype evaluation is an
instrument to establish the ability in principle of a specific type of document to fulfil the requirements
of use. It supplies a structured approach to evaluate Machine Readable Passports by:
— defining reproducible stress methods to submit the document(s) under evaluation to specific stress
or environmental conditions;
— defining reproducible evaluation methods to measure numerical values for specific document
properties;
— defining test sequences that specify the order in which stress methods and evaluation methods are
to be performed;
— defining test plans to link specific user requirements to test sequences and related parameters.
It specifies the minimum criteria to be achieved in order to meet ICAO’s expectations for durability of
fully personalized MRPs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 105-A02:1993, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour
ISO 105-B02, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc
fading lamp test
ISO 105-E04, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part E04: Colour fastness to perspiration
ISO 1302, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Indication of surface texture in technical product
documentation
ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of the effect of liquids
ISO 2439:2008, Flexible cellular polymeric materials — Determination of hardness (indentation technique)
ISO/IEC 7810, Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7810:2003/Amd.1:2009, Identification cards — Physical characteristics — Amendment 1: Criteria
for cards containing integrated circuits
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
ISO/IEC 7816-1, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 1: Cards with contacts — Physical
characteristics
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 9352:2012, Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
ISO/IEC 10373-1, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 1: General characteristics
ISO/IEC 10373-6, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards
ISO/IEC 10373-6:2001/Amd.7:2010, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 6: Proximity cards —
Amendment 7: Test methods for ePassport
ISO 12040:1997, Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment of light fastness using filtered
xenon arc light
ISO 12757-1:1998, Ball point pens and refills — Part 1: General use
ISO 12757-2:1998, Ball point pens and refills — Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)
ASTM E 832 - 81 (Reapproved 2003), Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
1)
ICAO Doc 9303, Part 1, 6th edition, 2006, Machine Readable Travel Documents
2)
ICAO Supplement to Doc 9303 as published from time to time
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
chip sheet
sheet containing a chip
3.2
constant
fixed values that can be given to parameters (within methods) when defining a sequence or test plan
3.3
evaluation method
method to measure numerical values for specific document properties
3.4
evaluation result
all numerical values related to document properties measured upon performing a test sequence
3.5
method
instruction or set of instructions defining equipment and related tools and materials in an experimental
setup, including general advice on their use in a specific test procedure.
3.6
page
any single side of an individual sheet of the MRP
1) Published on the ICAO web site under http://www.icao.int/ .
2) Published on the ICAO web site under http://www.icao.int/ .
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
3.7
parameter
variable quantity within a test procedure that is not part of the instructions describing the procedure;
in particular, experimental parameters that need to be controlled during the test sequence but whose
values and/or tolerances are not explicitly defined in a specific stress or evaluation method or sequence
3.8
sheet
any structure having a free edge and an opposite edge attached to the spine making up the MRP including
covers, datapage, visa pages, observation pages, and chip sheet
Note 1 to entry: Each sheet has 2 pages.
3.9
stress method
experimental setup and procedure that may or may not deteriorate or destroy the document under
examination
3.10
test instruction
distinct piece of information required within the framework of test execution
3.11
test plan
list of test sequences and their specific test parameters and expected evaluation results
3.12
test procedure
set of instructions to be followed in order to obtain a test result
3.13
test sequence
test procedure that comprises a number of different methods in a defined order of execution
3.14
type evaluation
type approval
process of testing a design (type of documents produced while using a common material and component
basis and the same manufacturing processes, including same production quality assurance process) to
ensure it is compliant-in-principle with the specifications
4 Abbreviations
IC Integrated Circuit
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
MRP Machine Readable Passport
MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document
PCD Proximity Coupling Device
PIC Proximity Integrated Circuit (note, Doc 9303 uses CIC (contactless integrated circuit) and
PIC interchangeably)
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
5 Methodology
The systemic approach used in this document provides three structural levels to define a complete test
specification for MRPs.
The first level deals with methods to exert defined stresses to documents and to evaluate the results
of such stresses. The second level deals with predefined sequences of stresses and related evaluations
using the methods defined in level 1. The third level specifies the lists of test sequences and the
individual quantities of test specimens to be subject to each sequence. The purpose is to include in such
lists all sequences that are considered necessary to achieve type approval for a specific type of MRP
with specific lifetime and usage expectations. This is referred to as a test plan.
This approach provides flexibility in creating individual test plans appropriate for varying user
requirements and MRP specifications without increasing the variety of basic testing methods beyond a
strict minimum. It also allows the use of a parameterized method description; parameters, which may
be explicitly specified on the sequence and/or test, plan level.
In this way this Test Specification provides the entire toolset for prototype evaluation of MRPs.
Table 1 — Hierarchical Approach for Test Methodology
Level Subject Description Degree of Clause
variance
1 Stress methods The purpose is to submit the document(s) under eval- Parameters 8
uation to specific stress or environmental conditions
in a well-defined experimental setup that ensures
reproducibility.
1 Evaluation methods The purpose is to measure numerical values for Parameters 9
specific document properties using well-defined
and reproducible experimental setups that may or
may not deteriorate or destroy the document under
examination.
2 Test sequences Sequence of use of the above methods in performing a Constants 10
complete test. and Param-
eters
3 Test plans Scenarios which link the user requirements to spe- Constants 11
cific test sequences and related parameters used for
the tests on the one hand and to specific test results
on the other.
Each sequence is composed of stress methods and evaluation methods executed in a specific order. A
test plan is composed of one or more individual sequence(s) that is linked to a specific set of documents
and user requirements. See Figure 1.
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
Figure 1 — Relationship between Methods, Sequences and Test Plans
6 Guidance to the Tester
6.1 Number of Samples
References are given to a single MRP. However, multiple MRP samples may be tested simultaneously
depending on the size and construction of the test apparatus.
6.2 Preparation
Test samples shall be either finished MRPs or be prepared from finished MRPs having passed the entire
production process including visual personalization with a dataset considered typical for the specific
type of passport. Initialisation and personalization of the chip may be done in an arbitrary way as long
as the chip is able to support the necessary tests within the intended test sequence.
MRPs shall be conditioned in accordance with 7.1 Default Environment.
Test pieces shall, as necessary, be prepared from the test samples in the particular form required by the
test apparatus used.
6.3 Sampling
In certain cases samples may be taken from the base material before MRP manufacture if it can be
demonstrated that no significant change in the property to be tested can arise during subsequent
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ISO/IEC 18745-1:2014(E)
processing. The samples used to prepare a set of test pieces shall be taken from the sa
...
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