ISO/FDIS 22932-8
(Main)Mining — Vocabulary — Part 8: Extraction
Mining — Vocabulary — Part 8: Extraction
This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine Extraction.
Exploitation minière — Vocabulaire — Partie 8: Extraction
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Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 82
Mining — Vocabulary —
Secretariat: DIN
Part 8:
Voting begins on:
Extraction
Voting terminates on:
Exploitation minière — Vocabulaire —
Partie 8: Extraction
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General concepts related to surface mining and underground mining .1
3.2 Surface mining .3
3.3 Underground mining . 38
Bibliography .72
Index .73
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22932 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of
technical terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of mining
activities.
The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the
industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22932-8:2025(en)
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 8:
Extraction
1 Scope
This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine extraction.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22932-4, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 4: Prospecting and exploration
ISO 22932-5, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 5: Prospecting and exploration
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22932-4 and ISO 22932-5 and the
following apply:
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General concepts related to surface mining and underground mining
3.1.1
location
physical space, where extraction is carried out
3.1.1.1
working
area of operation (3.1.2) in a mine or quarry (3.2.2.4.82)
Note 1 to entry: Working can be located elsewhere in the mine domain such as shaft, quarry, level, open cut, stope
and others.
3.1.1.1.1
worked out area
working (3.1.1.1) from which workable mineral had been extracted
3.1.1.2
free face
surface of rock that is free to move when a force is applied to it
3.1.1.3
confined area
closed or partially closed space within mine facility that presents specific characteristics
Note 1 to entry: A confined are that can represent negative effect on the safety and health of workers, including limited
access, insufficient ventilation and the presence of toxic, explosive or asphyxiating gases.
Note 2 to entry: These confined areas can be found in mining operations, as well as maintenance and/or repair
activities.
3.1.1.4
incline
roadway driven on a gradient
3.1.2
operation
activities of extraction
3.1.2.1
to break in
to advance part of the working (3.1.1.1) face on a narrow front
3.1.2.2
mucking out
to load out broken material in roadways, shafts and other locations (3.1.1)
3.1.2.3
dead signs
safety instruction and signaling about the authorization of people to get inside a working (3.1.1.1) area
3.1.2.4
degradation
inadvertent breakage of mineral in mining, handling, transportation or storage
3.1.2.4.1
grade control
blending of mineral to give a product a predetermined quality
3.1.2.5
recover
to restore to a working (3.1.1.1) condition a mine or a part of a mine that has been damaged by explosion,
fire, water, or other cause
3.1.3
outcome
result of extraction
3.1.3.1
debris
scattered fragments
3.1.3.1.1
ore
debris (3.1.3.1) of economic value
3.1.3.1.2
dirt
gangue
redd
refuse
rubbish
spoil
sterile
debris (3.1.3.1) associated with the mineral and extracted during extraction
Note 1 to entry: Dirt can be composed of hard rock, clay or other non-value mineral bearing materials.
3.1.3.1.3
waste
debris (3.1.3.1) without economic value in the current phase of extraction
3.1.3.2
grade
expected quality of mineral
3.1.3.3
run of mine
product of extraction before processing
3.1.3.4
tip
accumulation of deposit or refuse at the surface of the mine or quarry (3.2.2.4.82)
3.1.3.5
interburden
material of any nature that lies between two or more bedded ore (3.1.3.1.1) zones
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2 Surface mining
3.2.1
General terms
3.2.1.1
bank mining
surface mining (3.2.1.10) in which the material mined is removed from above the surrounding land surface
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.2
cable excavator
excavator having a wire-rope-operated upper structure designed primarily for excavation with a dragline
bucket, front shovel or grab
3.2.1.3
haulback mining
method of surface mining (3.2.1.10) in which the overburden is hauled from over the ore (3.1.3.1.1) or coal in
trucks to a holding area and hauled back after the ore (3.1.3.1.1) or coal has been removed
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.4
muck
unconsolidated soil, sand, clay, or loam encountered in surface mining (3.2.1.10); generally, earth which can
be moved without blasting bulk material that is being transported or processed, which can be either ore
(3.1.3.1.1) or waste (3.1.3.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.5
pass
complete excavation cycle in removing overburden
3.2.1.6
scraper
self-propelled or towed crawler or wheeled machine which has a bowl with a cutting edge positioned between
the axles, and which cuts, loads, transports, discharges and spreads material through its forward motion
Note 1 to entry: The loading through a forward motion can be assisted by a powered mechanism (elevator) fixed to the
scraper bowl.
3.2.1.7
spoil bank
term common in surface mining (3.2.1.10) to designate the accumulation of overburden
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.8
stripping
removal of earth or non-ore rock materials as required to gain access to the desired orebody or mineral
materials; the process of removing overburden or waste (3.1.3.1.3) material in a surface mining (3.2.1.10)
operation (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.9
subaqueous mining
surface mining (3.2.1.10) in which the material mined is removed from the bed (3.2.2.4.6) of a natural body
of water
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.1.10
surface mining
mining at or near the surface, which is generally done where the overburden can be removed without too
much expense
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.2
Mechanical excavation
3.2.2.1
auger mining
3.2.2.1.1
auger
machine which excavates a mineral by the drilling of large diameter holes in the seam, and discharges the
mineral by way of a scroll
3.2.2.1.2
auger mining
auger head
means a method of mining coal at a cliff or highwall by drilling holes into an exposed coal seam from the
highwall and transporting the coal along an auger bit to the surface
Note 1 to entry: Augering is usually associated with contour strip-mining, recovering coal for a limited depth beyond
the point where stripping becomes uneconomical because the seam of coal lies so far beneath the surface.
3.2.2.1.3
breast auger
auger supported by a breastplate against a operators body that used for drilling holes in softer minerals
3.2.2.1.4
breastplate
slightly curved iron plate fastened to the end of a coal auger (3.2.2.1.5) to enable a miner to press the auger
forward using body pressure
Note 1 to entry: See Reference [1].
3.2.2.1.5
coal auger
special type of continuous miner and consis
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Extraction
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Partie 8: Extraction
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Commented [eXtyles1]: The reference "ISO 2025" is to a
withdrawn standard
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
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or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
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ISO copyright office
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CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11 Formatted: French (France)
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: French (France)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: French (France)
Published in Switzerland.
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber
ii
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General concepts related to surface mining and underground mining . 1
3.2 Surface mining . 3
3.3 Underground mining . 42
Bibliography . 90
Index 91
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stops: Not at 17.2 cm
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iii
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received.
www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22932 series can be found on the ISO website. Commented [eXtyles2]: Invalid reference: "ISO 22932 series"
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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iv
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Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of technical Commented [eXtyles4]: Invalid reference: "ISO 22932 series"
terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of mining activities.
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The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the
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industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
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v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22932-8:2025(en)
Formatted: Left
Formatted: Main Title 1
Mining — Vocabulary - Part 8: Extraction —
Note: Cross references and table of contents will be completed after final editing.
Part 8:
Extraction
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
1 Scope
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
This document specifies the commonly used terms in mine extraction.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22932-4, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 4: Prospecting and exploration
ISO 22932-5, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 5: Prospecting and exploration Commented [eXtyles6]: ISO 22932-5: current stage is 40.20
ISO 22932-4, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 4: Prospecting and exploration
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ISO 22932-5, Mining — Vocabulary — Part 5: Prospecting and exploration
Commented [eXtyles7]: ISO 22932-5: current stage is 40.20
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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22932-4 and ISO 22932-5 and the
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following apply:
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ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
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addresses:
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— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2
cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
3.1 General concepts related to surface mining and underground mining
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3.1.1 3.1.1
at 0.71 cm
location
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physical space, where extraction is carried out
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3.1.1.1 3.1.1.1
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working
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area of operation (0) in a mine or quarry (3.2.2.4.82)
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at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2
Note 1 to entry: Working can be located elsewhere in the mine domain such as shaft, quarry, level, open cut, stope and cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
others.
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3.1.1.1.1 3.1.1.1.1 Formatted: TermNum5, Adjust space between Latin and
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worked out area
working (3.1.1.1) from which workable mineral had been extracted Formatted: Font: Italic
3.1.1.2 3.1.1.2
free face
surface of rock that is free to move when a force is applied to it
[SOURCE: BS 3618-8:1974]
3.1.1.3 3.1.1.3
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
confined area
closed or partially closed space within mine facility that presents specific characteristics
Note 1 to entry: A confined are that can represent negative effect on the safety and health of workers, including limited
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not
access, insufficient ventilation and the presence of toxic, explosive or asphyxiating gases.
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2
cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Note 2 to entry: These confined areas can be found in mining operations, as well as maintenance and/or repair activities.
3.1.1.4 3.1.1.4
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
incline
roadway driven on a gradient
[SOURCE: BS 3618-8:1974]
3.1.2 3.1.2
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
operation
activities of extraction
3.1.2.1 3.1.2.1
to break in
Formatted: Font: Italic
to advance part of the working (3.1.1.1) face on a narrow front
3.1.2.2 3.1.2.2
mucking out
to load out broken material in roadways, shafts and other locations (3.1.1) Formatted: Font: Italic
3.1.2.3 3.1.2.3
dead signs
safety instruction and signaling about the authorization of people to get inside a working area(3.1.1.1) area Formatted: Font: Italic
3.1.2.4 3.1.2.4
degradation
inadvertent breakage of mineral in mining, handling, transportation or storage
[SOURCE: BS 3618-8:1974]
3.1.2.4.1 3.1.2.4.1
Formatted: TermNum5, Adjust space between Latin
...
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