ISO 12234-1:2001
(Main)Electronic still-picture imaging - Removable memory — Part 1: Basic removable-memory module
Electronic still-picture imaging - Removable memory — Part 1: Basic removable-memory module
Imagerie de prises de vue électroniques — Mémoire mobile — Partie 1: Modèle de mémoire mobile de base
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12234-1
First edition
2001-09-15
Electronic still-picture imaging —
Removable memory —
Part 1:
Basic removable-memory module
Imagerie de prises de vue électroniques — Mémoire mobile —
Partie 1: Module de mémoire mobile de base
Reference number
ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Reference model.2
4.1 Overview.2
4.2 Image storage application profiles (ISAP) .3
4.3 Image data format.3
4.4 Media profiles.3
5 Requirements for image storage application profiles .4
5.1 General.4
5.2 Interoperability.4
5.3 Flexibility .4
5.4 Extensibility.4
5.5 Ease of implementation .4
5.6 Platform independence .4
5.7 Multiple physical media types.5
5.8 Elimination of redundancy.5
6 Image data format specification.5
6.1 Image data application layer.5
6.2 Image data presentation layer.5
6.3 Image data formats.5
6.4 Sound data application layer.12
Annex A (informative) Media profile — PC card.13
Annex B (informative) Image data format — SISRIF.14
Annex C (informative) Image data format — Exif.15
Annex D (informative) Image data format — TIFF/EP.16
Bibliography.17
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12234 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 12234-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
ISO 12234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electronic still-picture imaging — Removable
memory:
� Part 1: Basic removable-memory module
� Part 2: TIFF/EP image data format
� Part 3: Design rule for camera file system (DCF)
Annexes A, B, C and D of this part of ISO 12234 are for information only.
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 12234 addresses removable-memory requirements for electronic still-picture cameras. Unlike a
traditional photographic system, an electronic photography system divides the imaging chain into discrete
components separately devoted to image acquisition, storage, transmission, processing and display. Since the
components may be made by different manufacturers, there is a need to specify a standard format for data
interchange among the various components of an electronic imaging system.
This part of ISO 12234 describes data interchange using a removable-storage media. The purpose of the
removable-storage media is to store images digitally in a media that is compact, low in power and mechanically
rugged. These removable-storage media will be used to transport the data to other components in the imaging
chain. This part of ISO 12234 further specifies the required information content for a removable-memory data
format. The information content includes both the image data and data items describing the image. Informative
annexes B through D describe various conforming formats. The data features supported by each of these formats
are also described in clause 6.
An implementation is said to be in compliance if, at a minimum, all mandatory elements are present.
Recommended features are not required, but will substantially enhance interoperability, performance and/or
robustness.
In developing this part of ISO 12234, a structured methodology was followed. A reference model describes the
environment in which this part of ISO 12234 is used as well as its overall architecture. The architecture separates
the software-only layers, termed the image data format, from the hardware technology-dependent layers, termed
the media profile. An image data format is media independent and contains the image data, image related data and
a means for structuring these data elements.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this International Standard may involve the use of patents from the following companies:
� Eastman Kodak Company
� Konica Corporarion
� Fuji Photo Film Company Ltd.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the ISO that they are willing to negotiate licenses under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the
holder of this patent right is registered with the ISO. Information may be obtained from the companies listed. Other
companies have also determined that, upon approval of this International Standard, they too will grant patent
licenses in accordance with ISO Directives, Part 2. Information regarding these companies may also be obtained
from the ISO Central Secretariat
The PCMCIA/JEIDA PC Card Standard, referenced in informative annex A, is claimed to contain intellectual
property rights from the following companies:
� AMP Incorporated
� Honda Connectors
� Intel Corporation
� Japan Aviation Electronics Industry Ltd. (JAE)
� M-Systems
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
A “PCMCIA Reciprocal Grant of Immunity and Sublicense” for the intellectual property rights from the five
companies afore-mentioned is available from:
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)
2635 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95134 USA
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions throughout the world.
PCMCIA has been informed that the following companies believe that implementation of this part of ISO 12233
could infringe their proprietary rights. For more information, contact these parties:
� Berg Electronics
� International Business Machines Corporation
The ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of any of the patent rights listed.
With the permission of Adobe Systems Incorporated, numerous tag names and values used in this part of
ISO 12233 have been copied verbatim from the TIFF 6.0 specification dated June 3, 1992, specification copyright
1986-1988, 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12233 may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
Electronic still-picture imaging — Removable memory —
Part 1:
Basic removable-memory module
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12234 specifies a basic removable-memory reference model for storing data from digital electronic
still-picture cameras that allows the data to be interchanged among various components of an electronic imaging
system by means of a removable-storage media. The removable-storage media usable in digital electronic still-
picture cameras is termed “Removable memory”.
This part of ISO 12234 is applicable to monochrome and colour digital electronic still-picture cameras.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 12234. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12234 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 12232:1998, Photography — Electronic still-picture cameras — Determination of ISO speed
ISO 12233:2000, Photography — Electronic still-picture cameras — Resolution measurements
1)
ISO 12234-2:— , Electronic still-picture imaging — Removable memory — Part 2: TIFF/EP image data format
ISO 14524:1999, Photography — Electronic still-picture cameras — Methods for measuring opto-electronic
conversion functions (OECFs)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12234, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
file system
software structure which specifies how the data is logically organized on a given storage media
3.2
image data format
structure and content which specify image data and the organization of the image-related data in a device-
independent manner
1) To be published.
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
3.3
image storage application profile
ISAP
media profile plus image data format
NOTE The ISAP specifies all the information necessary to completely implement the removable memory.
3.4
media profile
portion of the memory module specification which is specific to a given memory technology, including the form
factor, interconnection and access protocol
3.5
memory card
specific type of memory module with a physical form factor no larger than that of a credit card in outline i.e.
approximately 85 mm � 55 mm
3.6
memory module
physical implementation of the removable memory, containing the image data format combined with a specified
physical form factor, interconnect definition and access protocol
3.7
removable memory
storage in a user-removable form factor which is transportable and intended for the digital storage of image data in
electronic still-picture cameras
NOTE The memory media may be read/write, write once, etc., but has to be non-volatile when removed from the camera,
i.e. it has to retain the data.
3.8
sound compression
process of altering the sound-data coding in order to reduce the size of a sound file in the electronic still-picture
camera
NOTE Compare with the definition of sound recording.
3.9
sound recording
recording of the sound data relative to an image acquired by the electronic still-picture camera
NOTE 1 The sound recording may be made before, during or after the time of the image acquisition.
NOTE 2 A sound recording attached to an electronic still-picture is considered to be an annotation of the image, as distinct
from a sound recording which is attached to and synchronized with motion pictures or video pictures.
4 Reference model
4.1 Overview
Table 1 illustrates the reference model for this work item. The reference model is layered for flexibility and the
implementation of any one layer can be changed without affecting the implementation of any other layer. The
reference model describes the model of usage, the boundaries of the work item and the types of elements included
in each layer.
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
4.2 Image storage application profiles (ISAP)
The image storage application profile completely specifies all the information necessary to implement a particular
type of removable storage. The image storage application profile consists of two parts: the image data format,
which describes the structure and content of the image data, plus a particular media profile, which describes the
media containing the image data.
Table 1 — Reference model for removable storage
Layer Intent Attributes/Examples
Implementation
Application Defines content-image data and Image data Image and image-
parameters related data
Image data
Presentation Defines structure of image data Tags or tuples Tuple- Tag-
format
and encoding mechanism based based
format format
Session Defines data organization on Filing system for image
media storage/retrieval
Transport Defines communication of data Data transmission protocol
across a channel
Network Describes conformance layer Compatibility and interoperability
with other systems
Data link a) Card information structure
a) Assures reliable data
Media
read/write MP MP
0 1
b) Error correction methods
profile
b) Stores media-specific
c) Control for insert/removal
recording information
Physical Assures basic compatibility in a) Form factor, pin alignment,
physical form factor and electrical
size
signals
b) Electrical interface
specification
c) Protocol/command sets
4.3 Image data format
The image data format consists of the application and presentation layers. The application layer defines the content
of the image data. The presentation layer defines the encoding of the image data. This part of ISO 12234 specifies
image data formats that are consistent across implementations and independent of the media used for storage.
The content defined in the application layer includes the image and image-related information, such as the date the
image was captured. The encoding defined in the presentation layer includes the structures which define the image
and the image-related information as digital values. For example, the encoding describes whether the image is
stored as strips or tiles and whether the image-related data is stored as numbers or characters. The detailed
elements in three allowed image data formats are described in clause 6.
The image data formats described in this part of ISO 12234 provide an explicit binding between the content in the
application layer and the encoding method given in the presentation layer.
4.4 Media profiles
It is expected that a multitude of removable memory types will be available for use in electronic still-photography
devices. The actual storage technology may include solid state, magnetic, optical, etc. Each of these various
removable memory types shall be described by an associated media profile.
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ISO 12234-1:2001(E)
The media profile definition includes the information required for the session, transport, network, data link and
physical layers. The session layer defines the data organization on the media. The transport layer defines the
protocol for how this data is transported between the camera and the removable memory. The network layer
describes the conformance requirements needed to maintain compatibility and interoperability with other systems.
The data link layer describes the mechanisms for assuring reliable communications and the specifications for
reading, writing, erasing, removing and inserting specific types of media. The physical layer assures the basic
compatibility of the physical and electrical interface. It defines the physical form factor, connector specifications and
electrical interface specifications.
Specific descriptions of media profiles are given as annexes to this part of ISO 12234. A specific media profile is
described in informative annex A for the case of the PC card described jointly by PCMCIA and JEIDA. It is
anticipated that additional media profiles will be included as additional annexes in revisions of this part of
ISO 12234.
5 Requirements for image storage application profiles
5.1 General
This section defines the criteria which the image data formats and media profiles should meet. These criteria were
used in developing this part
...
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