ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005

Information technology — Security techniques — Encryption algorithms — Part 3: Block ciphers

ISO/IEC 18033 specifies encryption systems (ciphers) for the purpose of data confidentiality. ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005 specifies block ciphers. A block cipher is a symmetric encipherment system with the property that the encryption algorithm operates on a block of plaintext, i.e. a string of bits of a defined length, to yield a block of ciphertext. ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005 specifies the following algorithms. 64-bit block ciphers: TDEA, MISTY1, CAST-128. 128-bit block ciphers: AES, Camellia, SEED. NOTE The primary purpose of encryption (or encipherment) techniques is to protect the confidentiality of stored or transmitted data. An encryption algorithm is applied to data (often called plaintext or cleartext) to yield encrypted data (or ciphertext); this process is known as encryption. The encryption algorithm is designed so that the ciphertext yields no information about the plaintext except, perhaps, its length. Associated with every encryption algorithm is a corresponding decryption algorithm, which transforms ciphertext back into its original plaintext.

Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Algorithmes de chiffrement — Partie 3: Chiffrement par blocs

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Jul-2005
• ICS: 35.030 - IT Security
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 2 - Cryptography and security mechanisms
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 14-Dec-2010

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010 - Information technology — Security techniques — Encryption algorithms — Part 3: Block ciphers
• Effective Date: 30-May-2009
• Consolidated By: ISO 11148-4:2012 - Hand-held non-electric power tools — Safety requirements — Part 4: Non-rotary percussive power tools
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18033-3
First edition
2005-07-01


Information technology — Security
techniques — Encryption algorithms —
Part 3:
Block ciphers
Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Algorithmes
de chiffrement —
Partie 3: Chiffrement par blocs




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2005

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Symbols.2
4 64-bit block ciphers.2
4.1 TDEA.3
4.1.1 TDEA encryption/decryption.3
4.1.2 TDEA keying options .3
4.2 MISTY1.3
4.2.1 MISTY1 encryption .3
4.2.2 MISTY1 decryption .4
4.2.3 MISTY1 functions .4
4.2.4 MISTY1 key schedule.9
4.3 CAST-128.10
4.3.1 CAST-128 encryption .10
4.3.2 CAST-128 decryption .10
4.3.3 CAST-128 functions .10
4.3.4 CAST-128 key schedule.17
5 128-bit block ciphers.20
5.1 AES.20
5.1.1 AES encryption.20
5.1.2 AES decryption.21
5.1.3 AES transformations.21
5.1.4 AES key schedule.26
5.2 Camellia.27
5.2.1 Camellia encryption .27
5.2.2 Camellia decryption .29
5.2.3 Camellia functions.32
5.2.4 Camellia key schedule .38
5.3 SEED.42
5.3.1 SEED encryption .42
5.3.2 SEED decryption .42
5.3.3 SEED functions.43
5.3.4 SEED key schedule .46
Annex A (normative) Description of DES.47
A.1. DES encryption.47
A.2. DES decryption.47
A.3. DES functions .47
A.3.1 Initial permutation IP.47
-1
A.3.2 Inverse initial permutation IP .48
A.3.3 Function f .49
A.3.4 Expansion permutation E .49
A.3.5 Permutation P .50
A.3.6 S-Boxes .50
A.4 DES key schedule (KS).51
Annex B (normative) ASN.1 module .53
Annex C (informative) Algebraic forms of MISTY1 and Camellia S-boxes .55
C.1 MISTY1 S-boxes.55
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
C.1.1 MISTY1 S-box S . 55
7
C.1.2 MISTY1 S-box S . 55
9
C.2 Camellia S-box . 55
Annex D (informative) Test vectors. 57
D.1 TDEA test vectors. 57
D.1.1 TDEA encryption. 57
D.1.2 DES encryption and decryption . 58
D.2 MISTY1 test vectors. 59
D.3 CAST-128 test vectors. 60
D.4 AES test vectors . 60
D.4.1 AES encryption . 60
D.4.2 Key expansion example . 61
D.4.3 Cipher example . 63
D.5 Camellia test vectors. 65
D.5.1 Camellia encryption. 65
D.6 SEED test vectors. 68
Annex E (informative) Feature table. 70
Bibliography. 71

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 18033-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques.
ISO/IEC 18033 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Security
techniques — Encryption algorithms:
 Part 1: General
 Part 2: Asynnetric ciphers
 Part 3: Block ciphers
 Part 4: Stream ciphers

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
Introduction
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents.
The ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured the ISO and IEC that he is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with the ISO and IEC. Information may be obtained
from:
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 Standing Document 8 (SD8) "Patent Information"
Standing Document 8 (SD8) is available at http://www.ni.din.de/sc27
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.

vi © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)

Information technology — Security techniques — Encryption
algorithms —
Part 3:
Block ciphers
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18033 specifies block ciphers. A block cipher maps blocks of n bits to blocks of n bits,
under the control of a key of k bits. A total of six different block ciphers are defined. They are categorized in
Table 1.
Table 1. Block ciphers specified
Block length Algorithm name (Clause #) Key length
64 bits TDEA    (4.1) 128 or 192 bits
MISTY1  (4.2) 128 bits
1
CAST-128 (4.3)
128 bits AES     (5.1) 128, 192 or 256 bits
Camellia  (5.2)
SEED    (5.3) 128 bits

The algorithms specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18033 have been assigned object identifiers in accordance
with ISO/IEC 9834. The list of assigned object identifiers is given in Annex B. Any changes to the specification
of the algorithms resulting in a change of functional behaviour will result in a change of the object identifier
assigned to the algorithm.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
block
string of bits of defined length. [ISO/IEC 18033-1:2004]
  NOTE – In this part of ISO/IEC 18033, the block length is either 64 or 128 bits.
2.2
block cipher
symmetric encipherment system with the property that the encryption algorithm operates on a block of
plaintext, i.e. a string of bits of a defined length, to yield a block of ciphertext. [ISO/IEC 18033-1:2004]
2.3
ciphertext
data which has been transformed to hide its information content. [ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997]

1
The key length of the original version of CAST-128 is variable from 40 bits to 128 bits. This part of ISO/IEC 18033,
however, specifies its use only with keys of 128 bits.
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
2.4
key
sequence of symbols that controls the operation of a cryptographic transformation (e.g. encipherment,
decipherment). [ISO/IEC 11770-1:1996]
  NOTE – In all the ciphers specified in this part of ISO/IEC18033, keys consist of a sequence of bits.
2.5
n-bit block cipher
block cipher with the property that plaintext blocks and ciphertext blocks are n bits in length.
[ISO/IEC 10116:1997]
2.6
plaintext
unenciphered information. [ISO/IEC 9797-1:1999]
3 Symbols
n – plaintext/ciphertext bit length for a block cipher.
E – encryption function with key K.
K
D – decryption function with key K.
K
Nr – the number of rounds for the AES algorithm, which is 10, 12 or 14 for the choices of key length 128, 192
or 256 bits respectively.
Nk – the number of 32-bit words comprising a key for the AES algorithm, which is 4, 6 or 8 for the choices of
key length 128, 192 or 256 bits respectively.
⊕ – the bit-wise logical exclusive-OR operation on bit-strings, i.e., if A, B are strings of the same length then
A ⊕ B is the string equal to the bit-wise logical exclusive-OR of A and B.
– the bit-wise logical AND operation on bit-strings, i.e., if A, B are strings of the same length then A B is
∧ ∧
the string equal to the bit-wise logical AND of A and B.
∨ ∨
– the bit-wise logical OR operation on bit-strings, i.e., if A, B are strings of the same length then A B is
the string equal to the bit-wise logical OR of A and B.
|| – concatenation of bit strings.
• – finite field multiplication.
<<< – the left circular rotation of the operand by i bits.
i
>>> – the right circular rotation of the operand by i bits.
i
– the bitwise complement of x.
x
4 64-bit block ciphers
In this clause, three 64-bit block ciphers are specified; TDEA (or ‘Triple DES’) in clause 4.1, MISTY1 in
clause 4.2 and CAST-128 in clause 4.3.
Users authorized to access data that has been enciphered must have the key that was used to encipher the
data in order to decipher it. The algorithm is designed to encipher and decipher blocks of data consisting of 64
bits under control of a 128- (or 192-) bit key. Deciphering must be accomplished using the same key as for
enciphering.
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
4.1 TDEA
The Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) is a symmetric cipher that can process data blocks of 64 bits,
using cipher keys with length of 128 (or 192) bits, of which 112 (or 168) bits can be chosen arbitrarily, and the
rest may be used for error detection. The TDEA is commonly known as Triple DES (Data Encryption
Standard).

A TDEA encryption/decryption operation is a compound operation of DES encryption and decryption
operations, where the DES algorithm is specified in Annex A. A TDEA key consists of three DES keys.

4.1.1 TDEA encryption/decryption
The TDEA is defined in terms of DES operations, where E is the DES encryption operation for the key K and
K
D is the DES decryption operation for the key K.
K
4.1.1.1 TDEA encryption
The transformation of a 64-bit block P into a 64-bit block C is defined as follows:
C = E (D (E (P))) .
K K K
3 2 1
4.1.1.2 TDEA decryption
The transformation of a 64-bit block C into a 64-bit block P is defined as follows:
P = D (E (D (C))) .
K K K
1 2 3
2
4.1.2 TDEA keying options
This part of ISO/IEC 18033 specifies the following keying options for TDEA. The TDEA key comprises the
triple (K , K , K ).
1 2 3
1. Keying Option 1: K , K and K are different DES keys;
1 2 3
2. Keying Option 2: K and K are different DES keys and K = K .
1 2 3 1
NOTE – The option that K = K = K , the single-DES equivalent, is not recommended. Furthermore, the use
1 2 3
of keying option 1 is preferred over keying option 2 since it provides additional security at the same
performance level.
4.2 MISTY1
The MISTY1 algorithm is a symmetric block cipher that can process data blocks of 64 bits, using a cipher key
with length of 128 bits.
4.2.1 MISTY1 encryption
The encryption operation is as shown in Figure 1. The transformation of a 64-bit block P into a 64-bit block C
is defined as follows (KL, KO and KI are keys):


2
The Keying Option 2 is approved only through the year 2009 by NIST.
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
(1) P = L || R
0 0
KL = KL || KL || … || KL
1 2 10
KO = KO || KO || … || KO
1 2 8
KI = KI || KI || … || KI
1 2 8
(2) for i = 1, 3, …, 7 (increment in steps of 2 because the loop body consists of two rounds):
R = FL(L , KL )
i i-1 i
    L = FL(R , KL ) ⊕ FO(R , KO , KI )
i i-1 i+1 i i i
    L = R ⊕ FO(L , KO , KI )
i+1 i i i+1 i+1
    R = L
i+1 i
for i = 9 :
     R = FL(L , KL )
i i-1 i
     L = FL(R , KL )
i i-1 i+1
(3) C = L || R
9 9
4.2.2 MISTY1 decryption
The decryption operation is as shown in Figure 2, and is identical in operation to encryption apart from the
following two modifications.
-1
(1) All FL functions are replaced by their inverse functions FL .
(2) The order in which the subkeys are applied is reversed.
4.2.3 MISTY1 functions
-1
The MISTY1 algorithm uses a number of functions, namely S , S , FI, FO, FL and FL , which are now defined.
7 9
4.2.3.1 Function FL
The FL function is used in encryption only and is shown in Figure 3. The FL function is defined as follows
(X and Y are data, KL is a key):
(1) X = X || X , KL = KL || KL
32 L R i iL iR
(2) Y = (X ∧ KL ) ⊕ X
R L iL R
(3) Y = X ⊕ (Y ∨ KL )
L L R iR
(4) Y = Y || Y
32 L R



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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
Plaintext Ciphertext


KL1 KL2 KL10 KL9
-1 -1

FL FL
FL FL
KO1,KI1 KO8,KI8


FO FO

KO2,KI2 KO7,KI7


FO FO

KL3 KL4 KL8 KL7
-1 -1

FL FL
FL FL
KO3,KI3 KO6,KI6


FO FO

KO4,KI4 KO5,KI5


FO FO

KL5 KL6 KL6 KL5
-1 -1

FL FL
FL FL
KO5,KI5 KO4,KI4


FO FO

KO6,KI6 KO3,KI3


FO FO

KL7 KL8 KL4 KL3
-1 -1

FL FL
FL FL
KO7,KI7 KO2,KI2


FO FO

KO8,KI8 KO1,KI1


FO FO

KL9 KL10 KL2 KL1
-1 -1

FL FL
FL FL



Ciphertext Plaintext

 Figure 1. The Encryption Procedure    Figure 2. The Decryption Procedure

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
-1
4.2.3.2 Function FL
-1
The FL function, which is the inverse to the FL function, is used in decryption only and is shown in Figure 4.
-1
The FL function is defined as follows (X and Y are data, KL is a key):
(1) Y = Y || Y , KL = KL || KL
32 L R i iL iR
(2) X = Y ⊕ (Y ∨ KL )
L L R iR
(3) X = (X ∧ KL ) ⊕ Y
R L iL R
(4) X = X || X
32 L R
4.2.3.3 Function FO
The FO function is used in encryption and decryption, and is shown in Figure 5. The FO function is defined as
follows (X and Y are data, KO and KI are keys):
(1) X = L || R
32 0 0
KO = KO || KO || KO || KO , KI = KI || KI || KI
i i1 i2 i3 i4 i i1 i2 i3
(2) for j = 1 to 3 :
R = FI(L ⊕ KO , KI ) ⊕ R
j j-1 ij ij j-1
L = R
j j-1
(3) Y = (L ⊕ KO ) || R
32 3 i4 3
4.2.3.4 Function FI
The FI function is used for encryption, decryption and the key schedule, and is shown in Figure 6, where
Extnd is the operation zero-extended from 7 bits to 9 bits by the concatenation of two bits on the left side, and
Trunc is the operation truncated by two bits on the left side. The FI function is defined as follows (X and Y are
data, KI is a key):
(1) X = L (9 bits) || R (7 bits), KI = KI || KI
16 0 0 ij ijL ijR
(2) R = S (L ) ⊕ Extnd(R )
1 9 0 0
(3) L =R
1 0
(4) R = S (L ) ⊕ Trunc(R ) ⊕ KI
2 7 1 1 ijL
(5) L = R ⊕ KI
2 1 ijR
(4) R = S (L ) ⊕ Extnd(R )
3 9 2 2
(5) L = R
3 2
(6) Y = L || R
16 3 3
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)

X32 Y32
X X Y Y
L R L R

KLiL KLiR


KLiR KLiL




YL YR XL XR
Y32 X32

-1
    Figure 3. The Function FL          Figure 4. The Function FL



X32 X16
L R L R
0 0 0 0

KO
i1

KIi1 FI S
9

Extnd


KOi2


KIi2 FI S
7

Trunc

KI KI
ijL ijR


KOi3

KIi3 FI S
9

Extnd



KOi4


Y32 Y16

 Figure 5. The Function FO      Figure 6. The Function FI

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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
4.2.3.5 Lookup Tables S and S
7 9
S is a bijective lookup table that accepts a 7-bit input and yields a 7-bit output. S is a bijective lookup table
7 9
that accepts a 9-bit input and yields a 9-bit output. Tables 2 and 3 define these lookup tables in a hexadecimal
form. S and S can be also described in a simple algebraic form over GF(2) as shown in Clause C.1.
7 9
For example, if the input to S is {53}, then the substitution value would be determined by the intersection of
7
the row with index ‘5’ and the column with index ‘3’ in Table 2. This would result in S having a value of {57}.
7
Table 2. S
7
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
0 1b 32 33 5a 3b 10 17 54 5b 1a 72 73 6b 2c 66 49
1 1f 24 13 6c 37 2e 3f 4a 5d 0f 40 56 25 51 1c 04
2 0b 46 20 0d 7b 35 44 42 2b 1e 41 14 4b 79 15 6f
3 0e 55 09 36 74 0c 67 53 28 0a 7e 38 02 07 60 29
4 19 12 65 2f 30 39 08 68 5f 78 2a 4c 64 45 75 3d
5 59 48 03 57 7c 4f 62 3c 1d 21 5e 27 6a 70 4d 3a
6 01 6d 6e 63 18 77 23 05 26 76 00 31 2d 7a 7f 61
7 50 22 11 06 47 16 52 4e 71 3e 69 43 34 5c 58 7d

Table 3. S
9
  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00 1c3 0cb 153 19f 1e3 0e9 0fb 035 181 0b9 117 1eb 133 009 02d 0d3
01 0c7 14a 037 07e 0eb 164 193 1d8 0a3 11e 055 02c 01d 1a2 163 118
02 14b 152 1d2 00f 02b 030 13a 0e5 111 138 18e 063 0e3 0c8 1f4 01b
03 001 09d 0f8 1a0 16d 1f3 01c 146 07d 0d1 082 1ea 183 12d 0f4 19e
04 1d3 0dd 1e2 128 1e0 0ec 059 091 011 12f 026 0dc 0b0 18c 10f 1f7
05 0e7 16c 0b6 0f9 0d8 151 101 14c 103 0b8 154 12b 1ae 017 071 00c
06 047 058 07f 1a4 134 129 084 15d 19d 1b2 1a3 048 07c 051 1ca 023
07 13d 1a7 165 03b 042 0da 192 0ce 0c1 06b 09f 1f1 12c 184 0fa 196
08 1e1 169 17d 031 180 10a 094 1da 186 13e 11c 060 175 1cf 067 119
09 065 068 099 150 008 007 17c 0b7 024 019 0de 127 0db 0e4 1a9 052
0a 109 090 19c 1c1 028 1b3 135 16a 176 0df 1e5 188 0c5 16e 1de 1b1
0b 0c3 1df 036 0ee 1ee 0f0 093 049 09a 1b6 069 081 125 00b 05e 0b4
0c 149 1c7 174 03e 13b 1b7 08e 1c6 0ae 010 095 1ef 04e 0f2 1fd 085
0d 0fd 0f6 0a0 16f 083 08a 156 09b 13c 107 167 098 1d0 1e9 003 1fe
0e 0bd 122 089 0d2 18f 012 033 06a 142 0ed 170 11b 0e2 14f 158 131
0f 147 05d 113 1cd 079 161 1a5 179 09e 1b4 0cc 022 132 01a 0e8 004
10 187 1ed 197 039 1bf 1d7 027 18b 0c6 09c 0d0 14e 06c 034 1f2 06e
11 0ca 025 0ba 191 0fe 013 106 02f 1ad 172 1db 0c0 10b 1d6 0f5 1ec
12 10d 076 114 1ab 075 10c 1e4 159 054 11f 04b 0c4 1be 0f7 029 0a4
13 00e 1f0 077 04d 17a 086 08b 0b3 171 0bf 10e 104 097 15b 160 168
14 0d7 0bb 066 1ce 0fc 092 1c5 06f 016 04a 0a1 139 0af 0f1 190 00a
15 1aa 143 17b 056 18d 166 0d4 1fb 14d 194 19a 087 1f8 123 0a7 1b8
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ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005(E)
16 141 03c 1f9 140 02a 155 11a 1a1 198 0d5 126 1af 061 12e 157 1dc
17 072 18a 0aa 096 115 0ef 045 07b 08d 145 053 05f 178 0b2 02e 020
18 1d5 03f 1c9 1e7 1ac 044 038 014 0b1 16b 0ab 0b5 05a 182 1c8 1d4
19 018 177 064 0cf 06d 100 199 130 15a 005 120 1bb 1bd 0e0 04f 0d6
1a 13f 1c4 12a 015 006 0ff 19b 0a6 043 088 050 15f 1e8 121 073 17e
1b 0bc 0c2 0c9 173 189 1f5 074 1cc 1e6 1a8 195 01f 041 00d 1ba 032
1c 03d 1d1 080 0a8 057 1b9 162 148 0d9 105 062 07a 021 1ff 112 108
1d 1c0 0a9 11d 1b0 1a6 0cd 0f3 05c 102 05b 1d9 144 1f6 0ad 0a5 03a
1e 1cb 136 17f 046 0e1 01e 1dd 0e6 137 1fa 185 08c 08f 040 1b5 0be
1f 078 000 0ac 110 15e 124 002 1bc 0a2 0ea 070 1fc 116 15c 04c 1c2

4.2.4 MISTY1 key schedule
The key scheduling part accepts a 128-bit key K and yields another 128-bit subkey K’, as shown below.
The figure of the key scheduling part is described in Figure 7.
The key scheduling operation is thus defined as follows.
(1) K = K || K || K || K || K || K || K || K
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(2) for i = 1 to 7 :
  K’ = FI(K , K )
...