ISO/IEC 27033-5:2013
(Main)Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 5: Securing communications across networks using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 5: Securing communications across networks using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
ISO/IEC 27033-5:2013 gives guidelines for the selection, implementation, and monitoring of the technical controls necessary to provide network security using Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections to interconnect networks and connect remote users to networks.
Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité - Sécurité de réseau — Partie 5: Sécurité des communications au travers des réseaux utilisant des réseaux privés virtuels (VPNs)
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 27033-5
First edition
2013-08-01
Information technology — Security
techniques — Network security —
Part 5:
Securing communications across
networks using Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)
Technologies de l’information — Techniques de sécurité - Sécurité de
réseau —
Partie 5: Sécurité des communications au travers des réseaux utilisant
des réseaux privés virtuels (VPNs)
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2013
© ISO/IEC 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations. 2
5 Document structure . 2
6 Overview . 2
6.1 Introduction . 2
6.2 Types of VPNs . 3
7 Security Threats . 4
8 Security Requirements . 5
8.1 Overview . 5
8.2 Confidentiality . 5
8.3 Integrity . 6
8.4 Authenticity . 6
8.5 Authorization . 6
8.6 Availability . 6
8.7 Tunnel Endpoint Security . 6
9 Security Controls . 6
9.1 Security aspects . . 6
9.2 Virtual circuits . 7
10 Design Techniques . 7
10.1 Overview . 7
10.2 Regulatory and legislative aspects . 8
10.3 VPN management aspects . 8
10.4 VPN architectural aspects . 8
10.5 VPN technical considerations .11
11 Guidelines for Product Selection .12
11.1 Carrier protocol selection .12
11.2 VPN appliances .12
Bibliography .14
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 27033 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, IT security techniques.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 18028-5:2006, which has been technically revised.
ISO/IEC 27033 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Security
techniques — Network security:
— Part 1: Overview and concepts
— Part 2: Guidelines for the design and implementation of network security
— Part 3: Reference networking scenarios — Threats, design techniques and control issues
— Part 4: Securing communications between networks using security gateways
— Part 5: Securing communications across networks using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
— Part 6: Securing wireless IP network access
(Note that there may be other parts. Examples of possible topics to be covered by parts include local area
networks, wide area networks, broadband networks, web hosting, Internet email, and routed access to
third-party organizations. The main clauses of all such parts should be Risks, Design Techniques, and
Control Issues.)
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 27033-5:2013(E)
Information technology — Security techniques —
Network security —
Part 5:
Securing communications across networks using Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 27033 gives guidelines for the selection, implementation, and monitoring of
the technical controls necessary to provide network security using Virtual Private Network (VPN)
connections to interconnect networks and connect remote users to networks.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 27001:2005, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management
systems — Requirements
ISO/IEC 27002:2005, Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information
security management
ISO/IEC 27005:2011, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security risk management
ISO/IEC 27033-1:2009, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 1:
Overview and concepts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 7498 (all parts),
ISO/IEC 27000, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 27002, ISO/IEC 27005, and ISO/IEC 27033-1 apply.
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved 1
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 27033-1 and the following apply.
AH Authentication Header
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IPsec Internet Protocol Security
ISAKMP Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
L2F Layer Two Forwarding (Protocol)
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
MPPE Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
MPLS Multi-protocol Label Switching
NAS Network Area Storage
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service
VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service
WAN Wide Area Network
5 Document structure
The structure of ISO/IEC 27033-5 comprises:
— an overview of VPNs (see clause 6),
— security threats associated with VPNs (see clause 7),
— security requirements derived from threat analysis for VPNs (see clause 8),
— security controls associated with typical network scenarios and network technology areas using
VPNs (see clause 9),
— various design techniques for VPNs (see clause 10).
6 Overview
6.1 Introduction
VPNs have developed rapidly as a means of inter-connecting networks and as a method of connecting
remote users to networks.
2 © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
There exists a broad range of definitions for VPNs. In their simplest form, they provide a mechanism for
establishing a secure data channel or channels over an existing network or point-to-point connection.
They are assigned to the exclusive use of a restricted user group, and can be established and removed
dynamically, as needed. The hosting network may be private or public.
An example representation of a VPN, with the secure data channel connecting an end user to a gateway
across a public network and a secure data channel connecting two gateways across a public network, is
shown in Figure 1 below.
Attacker 1
VPN between User
Public Network
and Gateway
Gateway
User
Attacker 2
Figure 1 — Example representations of a VPN
Remote access using a VPN is implemented over the top of a normal point-to-point connection. The
normal point-to-point connection between the local user and the remote locations is established first.
Some VPNs are provided as a managed service, in which secure, reliable connectivity, management
and addressing, equivalent to that on a private network, are provided on a shared infrastructure.
Additional security controls, as indicated in this standard, may therefore need to be taken into account
to strengthen the VPN.
The data and code transiting a VPN should be restricted to the organization using the VPN and should
be kept separate from other users of the underlying network. It should not be possible for data and
code belonging to other users to access the same VPN channel. The leve
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 27033-5
First edition
2013-08-01
Information technology — Security
techniques — Network security —
Part 5:
Securing communications across
networks using Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)
Technologies de l’information — Techniques de sécurité - Sécurité de
réseau —
Partie 5: Sécurité des communications au travers des réseaux utilisant
des réseaux privés virtuels (VPNs)
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2013
© ISO/IEC 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations. 2
5 Document structure . 2
6 Overview . 2
6.1 Introduction . 2
6.2 Types of VPNs . 3
7 Security Threats . 4
8 Security Requirements . 5
8.1 Overview . 5
8.2 Confidentiality . 5
8.3 Integrity . 6
8.4 Authenticity . 6
8.5 Authorization . 6
8.6 Availability . 6
8.7 Tunnel Endpoint Security . 6
9 Security Controls . 6
9.1 Security aspects . . 6
9.2 Virtual circuits . 7
10 Design Techniques . 7
10.1 Overview . 7
10.2 Regulatory and legislative aspects . 8
10.3 VPN management aspects . 8
10.4 VPN architectural aspects . 8
10.5 VPN technical considerations .11
11 Guidelines for Product Selection .12
11.1 Carrier protocol selection .12
11.2 VPN appliances .12
Bibliography .14
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 27033 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, IT security techniques.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 18028-5:2006, which has been technically revised.
ISO/IEC 27033 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Security
techniques — Network security:
— Part 1: Overview and concepts
— Part 2: Guidelines for the design and implementation of network security
— Part 3: Reference networking scenarios — Threats, design techniques and control issues
— Part 4: Securing communications between networks using security gateways
— Part 5: Securing communications across networks using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
— Part 6: Securing wireless IP network access
(Note that there may be other parts. Examples of possible topics to be covered by parts include local area
networks, wide area networks, broadband networks, web hosting, Internet email, and routed access to
third-party organizations. The main clauses of all such parts should be Risks, Design Techniques, and
Control Issues.)
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 27033-5:2013(E)
Information technology — Security techniques —
Network security —
Part 5:
Securing communications across networks using Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 27033 gives guidelines for the selection, implementation, and monitoring of
the technical controls necessary to provide network security using Virtual Private Network (VPN)
connections to interconnect networks and connect remote users to networks.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 27001:2005, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management
systems — Requirements
ISO/IEC 27002:2005, Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information
security management
ISO/IEC 27005:2011, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security risk management
ISO/IEC 27033-1:2009, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 1:
Overview and concepts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 7498 (all parts),
ISO/IEC 27000, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 27002, ISO/IEC 27005, and ISO/IEC 27033-1 apply.
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved 1
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 27033-1 and the following apply.
AH Authentication Header
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IPsec Internet Protocol Security
ISAKMP Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
L2F Layer Two Forwarding (Protocol)
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
MPPE Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
MPLS Multi-protocol Label Switching
NAS Network Area Storage
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service
VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service
WAN Wide Area Network
5 Document structure
The structure of ISO/IEC 27033-5 comprises:
— an overview of VPNs (see clause 6),
— security threats associated with VPNs (see clause 7),
— security requirements derived from threat analysis for VPNs (see clause 8),
— security controls associated with typical network scenarios and network technology areas using
VPNs (see clause 9),
— various design techniques for VPNs (see clause 10).
6 Overview
6.1 Introduction
VPNs have developed rapidly as a means of inter-connecting networks and as a method of connecting
remote users to networks.
2 © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
There exists a broad range of definitions for VPNs. In their simplest form, they provide a mechanism for
establishing a secure data channel or channels over an existing network or point-to-point connection.
They are assigned to the exclusive use of a restricted user group, and can be established and removed
dynamically, as needed. The hosting network may be private or public.
An example representation of a VPN, with the secure data channel connecting an end user to a gateway
across a public network and a secure data channel connecting two gateways across a public network, is
shown in Figure 1 below.
Attacker 1
VPN between User
Public Network
and Gateway
Gateway
User
Attacker 2
Figure 1 — Example representations of a VPN
Remote access using a VPN is implemented over the top of a normal point-to-point connection. The
normal point-to-point connection between the local user and the remote locations is established first.
Some VPNs are provided as a managed service, in which secure, reliable connectivity, management
and addressing, equivalent to that on a private network, are provided on a shared infrastructure.
Additional security controls, as indicated in this standard, may therefore need to be taken into account
to strengthen the VPN.
The data and code transiting a VPN should be restricted to the organization using the VPN and should
be kept separate from other users of the underlying network. It should not be possible for data and
code belonging to other users to access the same VPN channel. The leve
...
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