ISO/TR 19560:2025
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Information interface framework between automated driving systems and users
Intelligent transport systems — Information interface framework between automated driving systems and users
This document describes the classification of notifications provided to and from users and automated driving systems (ADS) of level 3 or higher. This document does not include recommendations on how to provide information. This document also includes information on transmission between nomadic devices and ADS in the context where the user is concentrating on a device such as a smartphone, and the smartphone is able to monitor the user’s condition.
Systèmes de transport intelligents — Cadre d'interface d'information entre les systèmes de conduite automatisée et les utilisateurs
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Report
ISO/TR 19560
First edition
Intelligent transport systems —
2025-02
Information interface framework
between automated driving systems
and users
Systèmes de transport intelligents — Cadre d'interface
d'information entre les systèmes de conduite automatisée et les
utilisateurs
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 System image . 1
6 Classification of the information in ADS. 2
6.1 General strategy for information classification .2
6.2 Fallback cases .2
6.3 Direction of the information .4
6.4 Criticality assessment .5
6.4.1 General .5
6.4.2 Information from ADS to user (A) .5
6.4.3 Information from user to ADS (B) .6
6.5 Classification of information .8
6.6 Priority of information transmission .9
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
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iv
Introduction
Automated driving systems (ADS), which are expected to become increasingly popular in the future, can
need to convey situation-specific information to or from users.
For example, when it becomes necessary to lower the level of driving automation or cancel it for a given
reason, it is important to notify the user of this change and to prompt the user to monitor the surroundings
or take a certain action. Additionally, when the system executes a certain function, it can be necessary for
the user to confirm the intention.
ADS can receive supplementary information from users through nomadic devices (if these are paired to the
ADS) in addition to onboard devices. As users of ADS level 3 or higher are allowed to use certain nomadic devices
(such as smartphones) to perform secondary tasks while in the driver seat, a problem can potentially arise
where the ADS needs to inform the user of a critical message through a nomadic device currently being used.
Examples of information exchanged between the ADS and the user include:
— ADS prompting action by the user;
— ADS informing the user about the need for action in the near future;
— ADS informing the user about a change in operational status;
— user's nomadic device informing ADS about the user's current condition.
NOTE 1 The user is primarily the person sitting in the driver's seat, but also includes the passengers in a driverless
vehicle.
This document provides a review of ideas and policies on this subject that have gained international
consensus. Information to be provided to the user is stratified and aspects such as priority and content are
described. Within each classification, this document defines information attributes.
A primary classification of notifications to users is based on two broad criteria, which lead to differences in
the type of information provided to users:
a) degree of safety criticality: the user needs to take action or provide a response, the user needs to be
aware of a change, or user information is provided only for comfort or convenience;
b) time criticality.
ISO/SAE PAS 22736 discusses relevant terminology definitions as well as important concepts concerning
ADS design.
NOTE 2 Several documents have been published concerning an ergonomic approach to transport information and
control systems. See References [2], [3], [4] and [5].
v
Technical Report ISO/TR 19560:2025(en)
Intelligent transport systems — Information interface
framework between automated driving systems and users
1 Scope
This document describes the classification of notifications provided to and from users and automated
driving systems (ADS) of level 3 or higher.
This document does not include recommendations on how to provide information.
This document also includes information on transmission between nomadic devices and ADS in the context
where the user is concentrating on a device such as a smartphone, and the smartphone is able to monitor the
user’s condition.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Abbreviated terms
ADS automated driving system
DDT dynamic driving task
ODD operational design domain
FRU fallback ready user
MRM minimal risk manoeuvre
MRC minimal risk condition
5 System image
While the ADS system is used at automated level 3 or higher, the system asks the driver to take the wheel
or perform some action, such as when the system is about to exit the ODD. In such cases ADS conveys some
information or messages to users to prompt them for appropriate actions.
For notifications, it selects a means of transmission according to its purpose and considers the degree of
importance/urgency and whether there is a user action request. In such cases, prompting messages are
conveyed through various onboard visual, acoustic and haptic devices such as an instrument panel or
navigation display.
If the user is immersed in a device such as a smartphone as shown in Figure 1, it is effective to transmit
information not only through an onboard device installed in the vehicle but also a device that the user is
watching.
If a nomadic device is paired to the vehicle, some information from it can potentially be utilized as a
supplemental sensing function to confirm, for example, user’s fallback readiness and vital conditions to
support onboard driver monitoring devices.
Figure 1 — User in ADS mode
6 Classification of the information in ADS
6.1 General strategy for information classification
The information from ADS to users upon events are classified by strategy. Basic considerations are time-
critical and safety-critical events.
Time/safety criticalities are considered on each fallback case described in ISO/SAE PAS 22736.
6.2 Fallback cases
Figure 2, 3, and 4 show the fallback cases of automated level 3 ADS and Figure 5, 6, and 7 show level 4 cases.
These are the cases that this document takes into account.
Figure 2 — User performs DDT fallback to MRC
Figure 3 — User resumes DDT on ADS failure
Figure 4 — User resumes DDT as ODD boundary is close
Figure 5 — ADS performs DDT to achieve MRC on vehicle failure
Figure 6 — ADS achieves MRC when user ignored the prompt from ADS on ADS failure
Figure 7 — ADS prompts user to fallback or ADS fallbacks if user ignores the prompt ADS achieves
MRC when ODD boundary is close
6.3 Direction of the information
In this document the directions of the information flow are described as in Figure 8.
Key
A ADS to user (human driver)
B user (human driver) to ads
Figure 8 — Direction of information
6.4 Criticality assessment
6.4.1 General
The kinds of information to be transmitted in each direction are shown in Figure 9 (direction A) and
Figure 10 (direction B).
6.4.2 Information from ADS to user (A)
Key
X time criticality
Y safety criticality
Figure 9 — Example events to be communicated from ADS to user (direction A)
The following 6 categories are presented in Figure 9.
— A-1 Notification of MRM execution or other time-critical, safety-critical information
In this case, both time and safety criticalities are high. The situation occurs due to sudden ODD violation
or serious system malfunctions. There is not enough time for fallback user to react, so notification of the
system decision, such as MRM execution, is the only action the ADS can perform.
— A-2a Request user fallback or appropriate action
In this case, the ADS requests the user to perform fallback when an ODD violation is encounter
...
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