ISO 20574:2019
(Main)Road vehicles — Durability test method for starter motor for stop and start system
Road vehicles — Durability test method for starter motor for stop and start system
This document defines requirements and recommendations for starter motor durability testing of 12 V start systems for internal combustion engines. This includes test methods, test procedures and capabilities of test benches.
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes de test d'endurance pour les démarreurs stop and start system
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20574
First edition
2019-04
Road vehicles — Durability test
method for starter motor for stop and
start system
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes de test d'endurance pour les
démarreur stop and start system
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
4 Planning of durability test . 4
4.1 Determination of durability test types . 4
4.2 Determination of durability test conditions . 4
4.3 Definition of cranking time, overrunning time . 7
5 Test bench equipment and information. 9
5.1 Test bench structure . 9
5.2 Minimum requirements of test bench . 9
5.3 Test bench measuring capabilities and channel list . 9
5.4 Test stop criteria .10
6 Detailed test procedures .11
6.1 Test procedure .11
6.1.1 General.11
6.1.2 Installation and setup stage for engine or engine simulator .11
6.1.3 Pre-check stage .12
6.1.4 Test execution stage .12
6.1.5 Post processing and reporting stage .13
7 Supplemental test methods .13
7.1 Brush temperature calibration .13
7.2 Starter motor input V-I curve and verification .15
7.3 Brush length measurement .16
7.4 Pinion to ring gear axial gap .17
Annex A (normative) Test bench structure (Type 1) .18
Annex B (normative) Test bench structure (Type 2) .19
Annex C (normative) Test bench structure (Type 3 and 4) .20
Annex D (informative) Summary of reporting items after the test .21
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32,
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Stop and start systems contribute to fuel saving by stopping the engine when its operation is not
needed, and to start the engine automatically when its operation is needed. The more frequent starting
of the engine requires higher durability of the starter motor. Since there is no standard to evaluate the
durability of starter motors for stop and start systems, individual specifications are used by engine
and/or vehicle manufacturers and starter motor manufacturers. Because the stop and start systems
require much more frequent starter motor operations, the testing period is much longer compared to
conventional starter motors.
In addition to engine and/or vehicle manufacturers and starter motor manufacturers, testing companies
also began to conduct tests. In order to carry out the time-consuming test accurately and to use the test
results effectively, the test procedure in this document includes how to summarize the test results.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20574:2019(E)
Road vehicles — Durability test method for starter motor
for stop and start system
1 Scope
This document defines requirements and recommendations for starter motor durability testing of
12 V start systems for internal combustion engines. This includes test methods, test procedures and
capabilities of test benches.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8856, Road vehicles — Electrical performance of starter motors — Test methods and general
requirements
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
stop and start system
system to stop the engine when its operation is not needed, and to start the engine automatically when
its operation is needed
3.2
manual start
event when the engine is started manually by the driver
3.3
automatic start
event when the engine is started by the stop and start system automatically
3.4
dummy starter motor
starter motor used for installation purpose only
3.5
calibration starter motor
starter motor used for calibration of test condition, which is equipped for measuring temperatures of
its components
3.6
engine simulator
device which simulates engine behaviour during engine start
3.7
battery simulator
electrical power supply equipment which simulates battery behaviour
3.8
engine mount
mechanical frame to support engine and gearbox
3.9
number of test start cycles
counted durability test start cycles
3.10
remaining brush length
length of brush after the test
3.11
usable brush length
length of brush that is available to be consumed
3.12
initial brush length
length of brush before starting the test
3.13
vehicle manufacturer
company which designs and produces vehicles
3.14
engine manufacturer
company which designs and produces internal combustion engines
3.15
starter motor manufacturer
company which designs and produces starter motors
3.16
cranking
condition in which the starter motor rotates the engine
3.17
overrunning
condition in which the engine rotates the starter motor pinion before starter motor OFF
3.18
engine ECU
electronic control unit for controlling internal combustion engine operation
3.19
starter solenoid
electromagnetic component of starter motor to move pinion and to switch electric motor
3.20
bi-control solenoid
starter solenoid which is able to control separately pinion movement and to switch electric motor
3.21
bench controller
device which is capable of controlling required test bench functions
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
3.22
nominal power
P
nom
power declared by the starter motor manufacturer corresponding to the maximum power output at the
reference temperature when determined according to ISO 8856
3.23
battery internal and line resistance
R
BL
sum of power supply (battery or battery simulator) internal resistance and total resistance of external
line (positive and negative sides and connections)
3.24
device under test
DUT
starter motor used for durability test
3.25
change of mind
CoM
start event before complete engine stall
3.26
starter motor voltage
U
STR
voltage at battery terminal of starter motor
3.27
starter motor current
I
STR
current drawn by starter motor
3.28
starter motor open circuit voltage
U
0_STR
voltage at starter motor terminals without electrical load
3.29
virtual starter motor voltage
U
0_STR_v
virtual starter motor voltage at I = 0A derived from V-I curve
STR
3.30
battery internal resistance
R
B
power supply (battery or battery simulator) resistance
3.31
line resistance
R
L
total resistance of external line (positive and negative sides and connections)
3.32
front end accessory drive
FEAD
equipment driven by belt which is connected to engine
3.33
starter motor temperature at control point
T
control
temperature measured at defined control point location
EXAMPLE At starter motor yoke surface.
3.34
temperature of starter motor brush
T
brush
temperature measured inside of starter motor brush
3.35
pinion to ring gear axial gap
d
prg
axial
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20574
First edition
2019-04
Road vehicles — Durability test
method for starter motor for stop and
start system
Véhicules routiers — Méthodes de test d'endurance pour les
démarreur stop and start system
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
4 Planning of durability test . 4
4.1 Determination of durability test types . 4
4.2 Determination of durability test conditions . 4
4.3 Definition of cranking time, overrunning time . 7
5 Test bench equipment and information. 9
5.1 Test bench structure . 9
5.2 Minimum requirements of test bench . 9
5.3 Test bench measuring capabilities and channel list . 9
5.4 Test stop criteria .10
6 Detailed test procedures .11
6.1 Test procedure .11
6.1.1 General.11
6.1.2 Installation and setup stage for engine or engine simulator .11
6.1.3 Pre-check stage .12
6.1.4 Test execution stage .12
6.1.5 Post processing and reporting stage .13
7 Supplemental test methods .13
7.1 Brush temperature calibration .13
7.2 Starter motor input V-I curve and verification .15
7.3 Brush length measurement .16
7.4 Pinion to ring gear axial gap .17
Annex A (normative) Test bench structure (Type 1) .18
Annex B (normative) Test bench structure (Type 2) .19
Annex C (normative) Test bench structure (Type 3 and 4) .20
Annex D (informative) Summary of reporting items after the test .21
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32,
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Stop and start systems contribute to fuel saving by stopping the engine when its operation is not
needed, and to start the engine automatically when its operation is needed. The more frequent starting
of the engine requires higher durability of the starter motor. Since there is no standard to evaluate the
durability of starter motors for stop and start systems, individual specifications are used by engine
and/or vehicle manufacturers and starter motor manufacturers. Because the stop and start systems
require much more frequent starter motor operations, the testing period is much longer compared to
conventional starter motors.
In addition to engine and/or vehicle manufacturers and starter motor manufacturers, testing companies
also began to conduct tests. In order to carry out the time-consuming test accurately and to use the test
results effectively, the test procedure in this document includes how to summarize the test results.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20574:2019(E)
Road vehicles — Durability test method for starter motor
for stop and start system
1 Scope
This document defines requirements and recommendations for starter motor durability testing of
12 V start systems for internal combustion engines. This includes test methods, test procedures and
capabilities of test benches.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8856, Road vehicles — Electrical performance of starter motors — Test methods and general
requirements
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
stop and start system
system to stop the engine when its operation is not needed, and to start the engine automatically when
its operation is needed
3.2
manual start
event when the engine is started manually by the driver
3.3
automatic start
event when the engine is started by the stop and start system automatically
3.4
dummy starter motor
starter motor used for installation purpose only
3.5
calibration starter motor
starter motor used for calibration of test condition, which is equipped for measuring temperatures of
its components
3.6
engine simulator
device which simulates engine behaviour during engine start
3.7
battery simulator
electrical power supply equipment which simulates battery behaviour
3.8
engine mount
mechanical frame to support engine and gearbox
3.9
number of test start cycles
counted durability test start cycles
3.10
remaining brush length
length of brush after the test
3.11
usable brush length
length of brush that is available to be consumed
3.12
initial brush length
length of brush before starting the test
3.13
vehicle manufacturer
company which designs and produces vehicles
3.14
engine manufacturer
company which designs and produces internal combustion engines
3.15
starter motor manufacturer
company which designs and produces starter motors
3.16
cranking
condition in which the starter motor rotates the engine
3.17
overrunning
condition in which the engine rotates the starter motor pinion before starter motor OFF
3.18
engine ECU
electronic control unit for controlling internal combustion engine operation
3.19
starter solenoid
electromagnetic component of starter motor to move pinion and to switch electric motor
3.20
bi-control solenoid
starter solenoid which is able to control separately pinion movement and to switch electric motor
3.21
bench controller
device which is capable of controlling required test bench functions
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
3.22
nominal power
P
nom
power declared by the starter motor manufacturer corresponding to the maximum power output at the
reference temperature when determined according to ISO 8856
3.23
battery internal and line resistance
R
BL
sum of power supply (battery or battery simulator) internal resistance and total resistance of external
line (positive and negative sides and connections)
3.24
device under test
DUT
starter motor used for durability test
3.25
change of mind
CoM
start event before complete engine stall
3.26
starter motor voltage
U
STR
voltage at battery terminal of starter motor
3.27
starter motor current
I
STR
current drawn by starter motor
3.28
starter motor open circuit voltage
U
0_STR
voltage at starter motor terminals without electrical load
3.29
virtual starter motor voltage
U
0_STR_v
virtual starter motor voltage at I = 0A derived from V-I curve
STR
3.30
battery internal resistance
R
B
power supply (battery or battery simulator) resistance
3.31
line resistance
R
L
total resistance of external line (positive and negative sides and connections)
3.32
front end accessory drive
FEAD
equipment driven by belt which is connected to engine
3.33
starter motor temperature at control point
T
control
temperature measured at defined control point location
EXAMPLE At starter motor yoke surface.
3.34
temperature of starter motor brush
T
brush
temperature measured inside of starter motor brush
3.35
pinion to ring gear axial gap
d
prg
axial
...
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