ISO/TR 3151-1:2023
(Main)Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface — Part 1: Overview
Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface — Part 1: Overview
This document outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES) or Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM). The following are within the scope of this document: — the need for a PLM-MES interface; — the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface; — the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface. The following is outside the scope of this document: — application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.
Éléments de visualisation pour l’échange de données entre systèmes d’information de gestion du cycle de vie de produits (PLM) et de pilotage de la production (MES) – vue d’ensemble — Partie 1: Vue d’ensemble
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 3151-1
First edition
2023-07
Visualization elements of PLM-MES
interface —
Part 1:
Overview
Éléments de visualisation pour l’échange de données entre systèmes
d’information de gestion du cycle de vie de produits (PLM) et de
pilotage de la production (MES) – vue d’ensemble —
Partie 1: Vue d’ensemble
Reference number
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
3.3 Difference between MES and MOM . 4
4 Needs for a PLM-MES interface . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Manufacturing automation pyramid . 9
4.3 Types of manufacturing . 10
5 Elements of the PLM-MES interface .10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 PLM . 11
5.2.1 ISO 10303-239 . . 11
5.2.2 ISO 10303-AP242 . 11
5.2.3 STEP module and resource library (SMRL) .12
5.2.4 IEC 62890 Life-cycle management for systems and components .13
5.2.5 IEC 62714 AutomationML . 14
5.3 MES . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 IEC 62264 and ANSI/ISA-95 . 14
5.3.3 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) .15
5.3.4 Internet of things (IoT) . 16
5.3.5 Equipment as a service (EaaS) . 16
5.3.6 Quality information framework (QIF) . 17
5.4 PLM-MES Interface. 18
5.4.1 General . 18
5.4.2 Engineering change management (ECM) . 18
5.4.3 eBOM or mBOM . 19
5.4.4 STEP-NC (numerical control) . 20
5.4.5 Predictive maintenance . 21
5.4.6 Digital twin (DTw) . 21
5.4.7 Open Applications Group Interface Specification (OAGIS) . 21
6 Visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface .22
6.1 General .22
6.2 Needs for 3D visualization in a PLM-MES interface . 22
6.3 Product structure of mBOM . 23
6.4 Bill of process (BOP) . 23
6.5 Work order . 23
6.6 3D shape data of product . 23
6.7 3D notes on exchange geometry between PLM and MES . 23
6.8 Use of video to show how a product works . 24
Annex A (informative) Comparison of mBOM definitions .25
Bibliography .26
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3151 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Introduction
This document is an overview of the ISO 3151 series of standards. It explains the main scope of the
ISO 3151 series as well as why the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing Execution System
(PLM-MES) interface is needed. It also describes the elements constituting the PLM-MES interface and
the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a technical item often covered within ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and
in IEC/TC 65 where there is a standard for different lifecycles of various product parts. Conversely,
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a technical item covered within ISO/TC 184/SC5,
IEC/TC 65 and ISA (International Society of Automation). ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and SC 1 also cover the
standard technology for the automatic machining of the product. Cooperation between these standards
organizations is needed for standards in a PLM-MES interface.
Although literature is referenced to introduce the elements that make up the PLM-MES interface, more
items are also referenced in [1-5] for the basis of this document.
1)
Figure 1 shows the overall PLM-MES interface defined by this document and ISO 3151-2 . The left side
in Figure 1 shows the contents of this document, and the right side shows the contents of ISO 3151-2.
Figure 1 — Concept diagram of PLM-MES interface
The AP242 contains Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI), but its primary concern is to
communicate design information to the manufacturing department. It is understood that the feedback
loop from the manufacturing department to the design department is not well-supported. ISO 3151-2
focuses on a 3D interface that feeds back errors found by the production department to the design
department.
1) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 3151-2.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface —
Part 1:
Overview
1 Scope
This document outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the Product Lifecycle
Management and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES) or Manufacturing Operations
Management (MOM).
The following are within the scope of this document:
— the need for a PLM-MES interface;
— the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface;
— the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
The following is outside the scope of this document:
— application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 20924, Information technology — Internet of Things (IoT) — Vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 20924 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
3D note
3D text information attached to graphical information of a digital shape model of a product
3.1.2
batch size
number of jointly processed (semi-finished) products
[SOURCE: ISO 22468:2020, 3.1]
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
3.1.3
bill of material
BOM
listing of all the subassemblies, parts, and/or materials that are used in the production of a product,
including the quantity of each material required to make a product
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013]
3.1.4
engineering bill of material
eBOM
list of part numbers and assemblies that make up the design engineering configuration that contains
the raw stock size and the material specification.
[SOURCE: ISO 10303-240:2005, 3.4.3]
3.1.5
lot size
quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run
[33]
Note 1 to entry: See .
3.1.6
manufacturing bill of material
mBOM
list of all the parts, labels, packaging, and assemblies required to build and ship a finished product to
customers
Note 1 to entry: mBOM is different from an engineering bill of material (eBOM) which provides the as-designed
BOM.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
3.1.7
manufacturing execution system
MES
system for producing the desired products or services, including quality control, document
management, plant floor dispatching, work-in-process tracking, detailed product routing and tracking,
labour reporting, resource and rework management, production measurement and data collection
[SOURCE: ISO 16100-1:2009, 3.14]
3.1.8
manufacturing operations management
MOM
activities within Level 3 of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment and
material in manufacturing
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.22]
2
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
3D Three Dimensional
AAM Application Activity Model
AIC Application Interpreted Construct
AIM Application Interpreted Model
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Protocol
ARM Application Reference Model
ATO Assemble-To-Order
BOD Business Object Document
BOM Bill of Material
BOP Bill of Process
CAI Computer-Aided Inspection
CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning
CC Conformance Class
CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine
DTO Design-To-Order
EaaS Equipment as a Service
eBOM Engineering BOM
ECM Engineering Change Management
ECN Engineering Change Notification
ECO Engineering Change Order
ECR Engineering Change Request
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ETO Engineer-To-Order
GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
IoT Internet of Things
IR Integrated Resource
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
ISA International Society of Automation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
mBOM Manufacturing BOM
M2M Machine-to-Machine
MES Manufacturing Execution System
MOM Manufacturing Operations Management
MS Mapping specification
MTO Make-To-Order
MTS Make-To-Stock
NC Numerical Control
OAGIS Open Applications Group Interface Specification
OPC-UA Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCS Product Lifecycle Support
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PMI Product Manufacturing Information
QIF Quality Information Framework
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SMRL STEP Module and Resource Library
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SW Software
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
3.3 Difference between MES and MOM
The terms MES (manufacturing execution system) and MOM (manufacturing operations management)
system are often used interchangeably, so that by defining different functional spaces for manufacturing
professionals it can be confusing.
The term MES is commonly used in commercial products, whereas the term MOM is often used to
summarize the technical features. While MOM covers the set of functions defined in this document, MES
is the commercial product that implements the set of functions as a SW system, so there are variations
in MES depending on the commercial product.
Because the term MES is used in many different senses, it is difficult to give an unambiguous, agreed-
upon definition. However, many manufacturers mention MES in their daily work, and software vendors
also use MES as their product name, so it is difficult to exclude the use of MES from a general discussion.
Therefore, this document uses the term MES in high-level abstractions where there is no confusion.
4
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
MOM is used to represent a standard management process, while MES is used to represent a software
system for MOM. Therefore, MES has a different scope or level depending on the implementation of the
system. In this document, MES is mainly used, and if there is confusion and a clear definition is needed,
the problem is solved by using the term of MOM defined by IEC and ISA.
As shown in Figure 2, ISA-95 defines the term MOM to cover Level 3 architecture and its functions. As
smart manufacturing is integrated into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in the future, changes to
the Figure 2 model are expected.
[6]
Figure 2 — 3 level architecture of MOM
4 Needs for a PLM-MES interface
4.1 General
The modern commercial market has more suppliers than demand, so customers have more power than
suppliers. Because of this imbalance, suppliers promote 'mass customization' to satisfy customers, and
that force drives the concept of 'personalized production'.
The problem with customization is that it can increase manufacturing costs and time. The PLM-MES
interface technology can help to provide personalized products with mass-production-level prices.
Figure 3 shows the technological development history of growing customer demand moving from
manual production in the mid-19th century to mass production methods symbolized by the conveyor
belt of Ford Motor Company in the early 20th century emerge and mature until the mid-20th century,
with technological advancements as customer demand expands. Mass customization has been
introduced since the late 20th century due to oversupply caused by the development and automation
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
of production. It also shows the development process of personalized production, which has been
introduced in line with the globalization trend of the 21st century.
Key
X product variety
Y product volume per variant
1 massive production
2 mass customization
3 craft production
A globalization
B regionalization
C personalized production
[7]
Figure 3 — Personalized production
Another issue other than the cost issue of personalized production is the maturity level of the design.
In the case of mass production environment, a small design error causes a big problem (high cost and
time delay) in automated production lines. Therefore, a higher level of maturity of the design is needed.
Through a series of test production cycles, the level of design maturity is further increased. This
requires a high design cost through multiple stages of design cycles and verification. Since the design
cost is relatively low compared to the mass production and production cost, it is possible to increase
the design maturity level.
In the case of personalized production, it is difficult to increase the maturity level of the design due to
cost or time constraints. Since only one is produced using the design, the design cost cannot be large,
and the design time must be short for economic reasons. In many cases, production begins before the
design is finished, so there is more possibility of production problems due to the immature design. In
order to correct errors found after the design is completed, the design is sometimes modified during
the production process. Modification of the errors found during production increases the total time of
production, and the cost increases accordingly.
Figure 4 shows the current (As-Is) interface between PLM, ERP and MES systems optimized for mass
production environments. Typically, ERP does not deal with 3D engineering information such as 3D
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
CAD models, a separate direct 3D link between PLM and MES is sometimes required. A typical mass
production situation is that a production system is optimized for mass production through a series of
test productions, and a direct link between PLM (design) and MES (production) does not exist in many
cases.
[8]
Figure 4 — As-Is configuration of PLM-MES data exchange
Plant industries such as the shipbuilding industry and the construction industry are make-to-order
(personalized production) since the start of the industry hundreds of years ago. Every product has an
individual design, the production cycle begins even though the design is not yet complete, and there
is pressure to design the product quickly. In the short time allowed for design, each product must be
individually designed. Due to the design costs, it is difficult to afford multiple iterative design cycles.
Also, design verification using the real product is impossible in most cases. Experiments using scaled-
down models are being partially conducted.
Because design and production overlap (this concept is already widely used in “concurrent engineering”),
the two departments of design and manufacturing must work closely together and exchange data. As
the design department and the production department operate in a 3D world, 3D information needs to
be shared between the two departments.
Figure 5 shows the proposed (To-Be) configuration among the three systems to support the personalized
production environment. This configuration adds a direct link between the PLM and the MES. Since
the two systems' PLM and MES are developed without mutual consideration, there is a discrepancy in
terminologies and concepts. In order to support personalized manufacturing which is being discussed
in the fourth industrial revolution or smart manufacturing, a standardized interface definition and
interface implementation between PLM and MES is needed.
7
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
[8]
Figure 5 — To-Be configuration of PLM-MES data exchange
PLM and MES have been independently developed and have been used independently for a considerable
period of time. Since the data model for each field is well established, the data model that needs to be
exchanged can be found and mapped in the PLM-MES interface.
The standard interface between PLM and MES can grow large. However, this document only deals with
the visualization elements, to show the full scope of the work as a starting point. In this document,
an overview of the entire PLM-MES interface is described, and the visualization elements are focused
among them.
[9]
There is a commercial product for the PLM-MES interface, but there is no international standard
for the PLM-MES interface. Although there are separate international standards for PLM and MES
respectively, there is no international standard for an interface for exchanging 3D product information
and manufacturing information between PLM and MES. Therefore, this document proposes a part of
the PLM-MES interface. Figure 6 shows an example of the PLM-MES interface developed by Siemens.
[9]
Figure 6 — Siemens integration between PLM, ERP, MES/MOM
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
In order to establish the PLM-MES interface standard, a common data model between the existing
PLM standards and MES standards can be used as a starting point of the interface. Because the full
scope of the PLM-MES interface is diverse and complex, the scope of this document only focuses on the
visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
When the interface is visualized, the detailed information of the interface is hidden so that the displayed
image can intuitively show the overall outline. The text-format feedback sent from the production
department to the design department can also be used as the interface by borrowing the schema
from the existing PLM or MES standards. Since one of the main obstacles is 3D shape information, it is
difficult to use the existing schema as it is. The visualization elements can therefore be the first priority
to develop the overall PLM-MES interface standard.
4.2 Manufacturing automation pyramid
The manufacturing automation pyramid shown in Figure 7 is a diagram showing the various levels of
automation in a discrete manufacturing factory.
[10]
Figure 7 — Manufacturing automation pyramid
At the field level in Figure 7, there are devices, actuators, and sensors that are visible in the field or on
the production floor. The control level controls and operates field-level devices that actually perform
physical tasks. PLC is used at the control level and SCADA is used at the supervisor level. SCADA can
monitor and control multiple systems from a single location.
The planning level utilizes a computer management system known as the MES. MES monitors the entire
manufacturing process of a plant, from raw materials to finished products of the plant. The management
level uses an integrated management system known as Enterprise Resources Management (ERP).
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
4.3 Types of manufacturing
According to the nature of product orders, manufacturing industry types are generally classified as
[11]
follows :
a) Engineer-to-order (ETO), Design-to-order (DTO)
A customized product that does not make any parts in advance, and w
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 3151-1
First edition
Visualization elements of PLM-MES
interface —
Part 1:
Overview
Éléments de visualisation pour l’échange de données entre systèmes
d’information de gestion du cycle de vie de produits (PLM) et de
pilotage de la production (MES) – vue d’ensemble —
Partie 1: Vue d’ensemble
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
3.3 Difference between MES and MOM . 4
4 Needs for a PLM-MES interface . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Manufacturing automation pyramid . 8
4.3 Types of manufacturing . 9
5 Elements of the PLM-MES interface .10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 PLM . 10
5.2.1 ISO 10303-239 . . 10
5.2.2 ISO 10303-AP242 . 11
5.2.3 STEP module and resource library (SMRL) .12
5.2.4 IEC 62890 Life-cycle management for systems and components .13
5.2.5 IEC 62714 AutomationML . 14
5.3 MES . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 IEC 62264 and ANSI/ISA-95 . 14
5.3.3 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) .15
5.3.4 Internet of things (IoT) . 16
5.3.5 Equipment as a service (EaaS) . 16
5.3.6 Quality information framework (QIF) . 17
5.4 PLM-MES Interface. 18
5.4.1 General . 18
5.4.2 Engineering change management (ECM) . 18
5.4.3 eBOM or mBOM . 19
5.4.4 STEP-NC (numerical control) . 20
5.4.5 Predictive maintenance . 21
5.4.6 Digital twin (DTw) . 21
5.4.7 Open Applications Group Interface Specification (OAGIS) . 21
6 Visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface .22
6.1 General .22
6.2 Needs for 3D visualization in a PLM-MES interface . 22
6.3 Product structure of mBOM . 23
6.4 Bill of process (BOP) . 23
6.5 Work order . 23
6.6 3D shape data of product . 23
6.7 3D notes on exchange geometry between PLM and MES . 23
6.8 Use of video to show how a product works . 24
Annex A (informative) Comparison of mBOM definitions .25
Bibliography .26
iii
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3151 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Introduction
This document is an overview of the ISO 3151 series of standards. It explains the main scope of the
ISO 3151 series as well as why the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing Execution System
(PLM-MES) interface is needed. It also describes the elements constituting the PLM-MES interface and
the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a technical item often covered within ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and
in IEC/TC 65 where there is a standard for different lifecycles of various product parts. Conversely,
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a technical item covered within ISO/TC 184/SC5,
IEC/TC 65 and ISA (International Society of Automation). ISO/TC 184/SC 4 and SC 1 also cover the
standard technology for the automatic machining of the product. Cooperation between these standards
organizations is needed for standards in a PLM-MES interface.
Although literature is referenced to introduce the elements that make up the PLM-MES interface, more
items are also referenced in [1-5] for the basis of this document.
1)
Figure 1 shows the overall PLM-MES interface defined by this document and ISO 3151-2 . The left side
in Figure 1 shows the contents of this document, and the right side shows the contents of ISO 3151-2.
Figure 1 — Concept diagram of PLM-MES interface
The AP242 contains Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI), but its primary concern is to
communicate design information to the manufacturing department. It is understood that the feedback
loop from the manufacturing department to the design department is not well-supported. ISO 3151-2
focuses on a 3D interface that feeds back errors found by the production department to the design
department.
1) Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 3151-2.
v
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface —
Part 1:
Overview
1 Scope
This document outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the Product Lifecycle
Management and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES) or Manufacturing Operations
Management (MOM).
The following are within the scope of this document:
— the need for a PLM-MES interface;
— the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface;
— the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
The following is outside the scope of this document:
— application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 20924, Information technology — Internet of Things (IoT) — Vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 20924 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
3D note
3D text information attached to graphical information of a digital shape model of a product
3.1.2
batch size
number of jointly processed (semi-finished) products
[SOURCE: ISO 22468:2020, 3.1]
1
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
3.1.3
bill of material
BOM
listing of all the subassemblies, parts, and/or materials that are used in the production of a product,
including the quantity of each material required to make a product
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013]
3.1.4
engineering bill of material
eBOM
list of part numbers and assemblies that make up the design engineering configuration that contains
the raw stock size and the material specification.
[SOURCE: ISO 10303-240:2005, 3.4.3]
3.1.5
lot size
quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run
[33]
Note 1 to entry: See .
3.1.6
manufacturing bill of material
mBOM
list of all the parts, labels, packaging, and assemblies required to build and ship a finished product to
customers
Note 1 to entry: mBOM is different from an engineering bill of material (eBOM) which provides the as-designed
BOM.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
3.1.7
manufacturing execution system
MES
system for producing the desired products or services, including quality control, document
management, plant floor dispatching, work-in-process tracking, detailed product routing and tracking,
labour reporting, resource and rework management, production measurement and data collection
[SOURCE: ISO 16100-1:2009, 3.14]
3.1.8
manufacturing operations management
MOM
activities within Level 3 of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment and
material in manufacturing
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.22]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
3D Three Dimensional
AAM Application Activity Model
AIC Application Interpreted Construct
AIM Application Interpreted Model
2
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Protocol
ARM Application Reference Model
ATO Assemble-To-Order
BOD Business Object Document
BOM Bill of Material
BOP Bill of Process
CAI Computer-Aided Inspection
CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning
CC Conformance Class
CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine
DTO Design-To-Order
EaaS Equipment as a Service
eBOM Engineering BOM
ECM Engineering Change Management
ECN Engineering Change Notification
ECO Engineering Change Order
ECR Engineering Change Request
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ETO Engineer-To-Order
GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
IoT Internet of Things
IR Integrated Resource
ISA International Society of Automation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
mBOM Manufacturing BOM
M2M Machine-to-Machine
MES Manufacturing Execution System
3
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
MOM Manufacturing Operations Management
MS Mapping specification
MTO Make-To-Order
MTS Make-To-Stock
NC Numerical Control
OAGIS Open Applications Group Interface Specification
OPC-UA Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCS Product Lifecycle Support
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PMI Product Manufacturing Information
QIF Quality Information Framework
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SMRL STEP Module and Resource Library
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SW Software
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
3.3 Difference between MES and MOM
The terms MES (manufacturing execution system) and MOM (manufacturing operations management)
system are often used interchangeably, so that by defining different functional spaces for manufacturing
professionals it can be confusing.
The term MES is commonly used in commercial products, whereas the term MOM is often used to
summarize the technical features. While MOM covers the set of functions defined in this document, MES
is the commercial product that implements the set of functions as a SW system, so there are variations
in MES depending on the commercial product.
Because the term MES is used in many different senses, it is difficult to give an unambiguous, agreed-
upon definition. However, many manufacturers mention MES in their daily work, and software vendors
also use MES as their product name, so it is difficult to exclude the use of MES from a general discussion.
Therefore, this document uses the term MES in high-level abstractions where there is no confusion.
MOM is used to represent a standard management process, while MES is used to represent a software
system for MOM. Therefore, MES has a different scope or level depending on the implementation of the
system. In this document, MES is mainly used, and if there is confusion and a clear definition is needed,
the problem is solved by using the term of MOM defined by IEC and ISA.
As shown in Figure 2, ISA-95 defines the term MOM to cover Level 3 architecture and its functions. As
smart manufacturing is integrated into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in the future, changes to
the Figure 2 model are expected.
4
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
[6]
Figure 2 — 3 level architecture of MOM
4 Needs for a PLM-MES interface
4.1 General
The modern commercial market has more suppliers than demand, so customers have more power than
suppliers. Because of this imbalance, suppliers promote 'mass customization' to satisfy customers, and
that force drives the concept of 'personalized production'.
The problem with customization is that it can increase manufacturing costs and time. The PLM-MES
interface technology can help to provide personalized products with mass-production-level prices.
Figure 3 shows the technological development history of growing customer demand moving from
manual production in the mid-19th century to mass production methods symbolized by the conveyor
belt of Ford Motor Company in the early 20th century emerge and mature until the mid-20th century,
with technological advancements as customer demand expands. Mass customization has been
introduced since the late 20th century due to oversupply caused by the development and automation
of production. It also shows the development process of personalized production, which has been
introduced in line with the globalization trend of the 21st century.
5
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
Key
X product variety
Y product volume per variant
1 massive production
2 mass customization
3 craft production
A globalization
B regionalization
C personalized production
[7]
Figure 3 — Personalized production
Another issue other than the cost issue of personalized production is the maturity level of the design.
In the case of mass production environment, a small design error causes a big problem (high cost and
time delay) in automated production lines. Therefore, a higher level of maturity of the design is needed.
Through a series of test production cycles, the level of design maturity is further increased. This
requires a high design cost through multiple stages of design cycles and verification. Since the design
cost is relatively low compared to the mass production and production cost, it is possible to increase
the design maturity level.
In the case of personalized production, it is difficult to increase the maturity level of the design due to
cost or time constraints. Since only one is produced using the design, the design cost cannot be large,
and the design time must be short for economic reasons. In many cases, production begins before the
design is finished, so there is more possibility of production problems due to the immature design. In
order to correct errors found after the design is completed, the design is sometimes modified during
the production process. Modification of the errors found during production increases the total time of
production, and the cost increases accordingly.
Figure 4 shows the current (As-Is) interface between PLM, ERP and MES systems optimized for mass
production environments. Typically, ERP does not deal with 3D engineering information such as 3D
CAD models, a separate direct 3D link between PLM and MES is sometimes required. A typical mass
production situation is that a production system is optimized for mass production through a series of
6
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
test productions, and a direct link between PLM (design) and MES (production) does not exist in many
cases.
[8]
Figure 4 — As-Is configuration of PLM-MES data exchange
Plant industries such as the shipbuilding industry and the construction industry are make-to-order
(personalized production) since the start of the industry hundreds of years ago. Every product has an
individual design, the production cycle begins even though the design is not yet complete, and there
is pressure to design the product quickly. In the short time allowed for design, each product must be
individually designed. Due to the design costs, it is difficult to afford multiple iterative design cycles.
Also, design verification using the real product is impossible in most cases. Experiments using scaled-
down models are being partially conducted.
Because design and production overlap (this concept is already widely used in “concurrent engineering”),
the two departments of design and manufacturing must work closely together and exchange data. As
the design department and the production department operate in a 3D world, 3D information needs to
be shared between the two departments.
Figure 5 shows the proposed (To-Be) configuration among the three systems to support the personalized
production environment. This configuration adds a direct link between the PLM and the MES. Since
the two systems' PLM and MES are developed without mutual consideration, there is a discrepancy in
terminologies and concepts. In order to support personalized manufacturing which is being discussed
in the fourth industrial revolution or smart manufacturing, a standardized interface definition and
interface implementation between PLM and MES is needed.
[8]
Figure 5 — To-Be configuration of PLM-MES data exchange
7
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
PLM and MES have been independently developed and have been used independently for a considerable
period of time. Since the data model for each field is well established, the data model that needs to be
exchanged can be found and mapped in the PLM-MES interface.
The standard interface between PLM and MES can grow large. However, this document only deals with
the visualization elements, to show the full scope of the work as a starting point. In this document,
an overview of the entire PLM-MES interface is described, and the visualization elements are focused
among them.
[9]
There is a commercial product for the PLM-MES interface, but there is no international standard
for the PLM-MES interface. Although there are separate international standards for PLM and MES
respectively, there is no international standard for an interface for exchanging 3D product information
and manufacturing information between PLM and MES. Therefore, this document proposes a part of
the PLM-MES interface. Figure 6 shows an example of the PLM-MES interface developed by Siemens.
[9]
Figure 6 — Siemens integration between PLM, ERP, MES/MOM
In order to establish the PLM-MES interface standard, a common data model between the existing
PLM standards and MES standards can be used as a starting point of the interface. Because the full
scope of the PLM-MES interface is diverse and complex, the scope of this document only focuses on the
visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
When the interface is visualized, the detailed information of the interface is hidden so that the displayed
image can intuitively show the overall outline. The text-format feedback sent from the production
department to the design department can also be used as the interface by borrowing the schema
from the existing PLM or MES standards. Since one of the main obstacles is 3D shape information, it is
difficult to use the existing schema as it is. The visualization elements can therefore be the first priority
to develop the overall PLM-MES interface standard.
4.2 Manufacturing automation pyramid
The manufacturing automation pyramid shown in Figure 7 is a diagram showing the various levels of
automation in a discrete manufacturing factory.
8
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ISO/TR 3151-1:2023(E)
[10]
Figure 7 — Manufacturing automation pyramid
At the field level in Figure 7, there are devices, actuators, and sensors that are visible in the field or on
the production floor. The control level controls and operates field-level devices that actually perform
physical tasks. PLC is used at the control level and SCADA is used at the supervisor level. SCADA can
monitor and control multiple systems from a single location.
The planning level utilizes a computer management system known as the MES. MES monitors the entire
manufacturing process of a plant, from raw materials to finished products of the plant. The management
level uses an integrated management system known as Enterprise Resources Management (ERP).
4.3 Types of manufacturing
According to the nature of product orders, manufacturing industry types are generally classified as
[11]
follows :
a) Engineer-to-order (ETO), Design-to-order (DTO)
A customized produc
...
ISO/DTRPRF TR 3151-1:2023(E)
ISO/TC 184/SC 4/JWG 16
Secretariat: ANSI
Date: 2022-09-292023-04-27
Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface – —
Part 1:
Overview
[Éléments de visualisation pour l’échange de données entre systèmes d’information de gestion du cycle de
vie de produits (PLM) et de pilotage de la production (MES) – vue d’ensemble] —
CDPartie 1: Vue d’ensemble
FDIS stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO #####-#:####(X)
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
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ISO/DTRPRF TR 3151-1:2023 (:(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/DTRPRF TR 3151-1:2023(:(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3151 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
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ISO/DTRPRF TR 3151-1:2023 (:(E)
Introduction
This TRdocument is an overview part of the ISO 3151 series of standards, explaining. It explains the main
scope of the ISO 3151 series as well as why the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing
Execution System (PLM-MES) interface is needed,. It also describes the elements constituting the PLM-
MES interface are briefly described, and the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface, the main
scope of ISO 3151, are also described.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a technical item often dealtcovered within ISO/TC 184/SC 4, and
also in IEC TC65/TC 65 where there is a standard for different lifecycles of various product parts. On the
other hand, Conversely, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a technical item dealtcovered within
ISO TC184 /TC 184/SC5, IEC TC65/TC 65 and ISA (International Society of Automation). SC4 and SC1 of
ISO/TC 184,/SC 4 and SC 1 also coverscover the standard technology for the automatic machining of the
product. Standards for PLM-MES interface needs Cooperation between these standardizationstandards
organizations. is needed for standards in a PLM-MES interface.
Although literatures areliterature is referenced to introduce the elements that make up the PLM-MES
interface, more items are also referenced [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] for the configuration of the TRin [1-5] for the basis
of this document.
Figure 1Figure 1 shows the overall PLM-MES interface defined by DTR 3151-1this document and PWIISO
1
3151-2 . The left side in Figure 1Figure 1 shows the contents of DTR 3151-1this document, and the right
side shows the contents of PWIISO 3151-2.
1
Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 3151-2.
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ISO/DTRPRF TR 3151-1:2023(:(E)
Figure 1 — Concept diagram of PLM-MES interface
The AP242 contains Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI), but its primary concern is to
communicate design information to the manufacturing department. It is understood that the feedback
loop from the manufacturing department to the design department is not well-supported. ISO PWI 3151-
2 focuses on a 3D interface that feeds back errors found by the production department to the design
department.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
Title Visualization elements of PLM-MES interface – —
Part 1:
Overview
DTR 3151-1
1 1.Scope
This document specified standard outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES,) or MOM -
Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM).
The following are within the scope of this standarddocument:
— a) the need for a PLM-MES interface.;
— b) the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface.;
— c) the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
The following is outside the scope of this document:
— a) application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.
2 2.Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO TR 24464:2020, Automation systems and integration — Industrial data — Visualization elements of
digital twins
3.ISO/IEC 20924, Information technology — Internet of Things (IoT) — Vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations.abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 20924 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Field Code Changed
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
Field Code Changed
3.1 3.1TermsTerms and definitions
3.1.1
3D note
3D text information attached to graphical information of a digital shape model of a product
3.1.2
batch size
number of jointly processed (semi-finished) products.
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
[SOURCE: referenced from ISO 22468:2020(en),, 3.1]
3.1.3
bill of material
BOM
listing of all the subassemblies, parts, and/or materials that are used in the production of a product,
including the quantity of each material required to make a product
[SOURCE: referenced from IEC 62264-1:2013]
3.1.4
engineering bill of material
eBOM
the list of part numbers and assemblies that make up the design engineering configuration that contains
the raw stock size and the material specification.
[SOURCE: ISO 10303-240:2005, 3.4.3]
3.1.5
lot size
quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run.
[Source: referenced from [33]]
[33]
Note 1 to entry: See .
3.1.6
mBOM
A manufacturing bill of materials (MBOM) containsmaterial
mBOM
list of all the parts, labels, packaging, and assemblies required to build and ship a finished product to
customers. It is different than an engineering bill of materials (EBOM) which provides the as-designed
BOM
[Source: See Annex A]
Note 1 to entry: mBOM is different from an engineering bill of material (eBOM) which provides the as-designed
BOM.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
3.1.7
manufacturing execution system
MES
system for producing the desired products or services, including quality control, document management,
plant floor dispatching, work-in-process tracking, detailed product routing and tracking, laborlabour
reporting, resource and rework management, production measurement and data collection
[SOURCE: referenced from ISO 16100-1:2009, 3.14]
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
3.1.8
manufacturing operations management
MOM
activities within Level 3 of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment and
material in manufacturing
[SOURCE: referenced from IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.22]
3.2 Abbreviations
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
3D Three Dimensional
AAM Application Activity Model
AIC Application Interpreted Construct
AIM Application Interpreted Model
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Protocol
ARM Application Reference Model
ATO Assemble-To-Order
BOD Business Object Document
BOM Bill of Material
BOP Bill of Process
CAI Computer-Aided Inspection
CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning
CC Conformance Class
CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine
DTO Design-To-Order
EaaS Equipment as a Service
eBOM Engineering BOM
ECM Engineering Change Management
ECN Engineering Change Notification
ECO Engineering Change Order
ECR Engineering Change Request
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ETO Engineer-To-Order
GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
IoT Internet of Things
IR Integrated Resource
ISA International Society of Automation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
mBOM Manufacturing BOM
M2M Machine-to-Machine
MES Manufacturing Execution System
MOM Manufacturing Operations Management
MS Mapping specification
MTO Make-To-Order
MTS Make-To-Stock
NC Numerical Control
OAGIS Open Applications Group Interface Specification
OPC-UA Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCS Product Lifecycle Support
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PMI Product Manufacturing Information
QIF Quality Information Framework
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SMRL STEP Module and Resource Library
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SW Software
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
3.2 3.3 Abbreviated terms
3D Three Dimensional
AAM Application Activity Model
AIC Application Interpreted Construct
AIM Application Interpreted Model
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Protocol
ARM Application Reference Model
ATO Assemble-To-Order
BOD Business Object Document
BOM Bill of Material
BOP Bill of Process
CAI Computer-Aided Inspection
CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning
CC Conformance Class
CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine
DTO Design-To-Order
EaaS Equipment as a Service
eBOM Engineering BOM
ECM Engineering Change Management
ECN Engineering Change Notification
ECO Engineering Change Order
ECR Engineering Change Request
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ETO Engineer-To-Order
GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
IoT Internet of Things
IR Integrated Resource
ISA International Society of Automation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
mBOM Manufacturing BOM
M2M Machine-to-Machine
MES Manufacturing Execution System
MOM Manufacturing Operations Management
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ISO/PRF TR 3151-1:(E)
MS Mapping specification
MTO Make-To-Order
MTS Make-To-Stock
NC Numerical Control
OAGIS Open Applications Group Interface Specification
OPC-UA Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCS Product Lifecycle Support
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PMI Product Manufacturing Information
QIF Quality Information Framework
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SMRL STEP Module and Resource Library
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
SW Software
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
3.23.3 Difference between MES and MOM
The terms MES (manufacturing execution system) and MOM (manufacturing operations management)
system are often used interchangeably, so that by defining different functional spaces for manufacturing
professionals leaves room for confusionit can be confusing.
The term MES is commonly used in commercial products, whereas the term MOM is often used to
summarize the technical features. While MOM covers the set of functions defined in the standardthis
document, MES is the commercial product that implements the set of functions as a SW system, so there
are variations in MES as depending on the commercial product.
In this TR, according to Andrew Hughes' suggestion [6], it is classified as follows. Because the term
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is used in many different senses, it is difficult to give an
unambiguous, agreed-upon definition. However, many manufacturers mention MES in their daily work,
and software vendors also use MES as their product name, so it is difficult to exclude the use of MES from
a general discussion. Therefore, this standarddocument uses the term MES in high-level abstractions
where there is no confusion.
MOM is used to represent a standard management process, while MES is used to represent a software
system for MOM. Therefore, MES has a different scope or level depending on the implementation of the
system. In this standarddocument, MES is mainly used, and if there is confusion and a clear definition is
needed, the problem is solved by using the term of MOM defined by IEC and ISA.
As shown in Figure 2, IEC andFigure 2, ISA-95 definedefines the term MOM (Manufacturing Operations
Management) to cover Level 3 architecture and its functions. As smart manufacturing is integrated into
the Industrial Internet of Things (IoTIIoT) in the future, changes to the Figure 2Figure 2 model are
expected, but that discussion can be covered in another specification.
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[6]
Figure 2 — 3 level architecture of MOM [6]
4 4.Needs for a PLM-MES interface
4.1 Type text. General
The modern commercial market has more suppliers than demand, so that customers have more power
than suppliers. Because of this unbalanced forceimbalance, suppliers promote 'mass customization' to
satisfy customers, and that force drives the concept of 'personalized production'.
The problem with customization is that it can increase manufacturing costs and time, similar to tailor-
made shoes in the old days. With this background,. The PLM-MES interface technology can help to provide
personalized products with mass-production-level prices.
Figure 3Figure 3 shows the technological development history to meet theof growing customer demand
while the form of handicrafts is producedmoving from manual production in the mid-19th century. The
to mass production methods which are symbolized by the conveyor belt of Ford Motors Motor Company
in the early 20th century emerge and mature until the mid-20th century, which also showswith
technological advancements as customer demand expands. The Mass customization has been introduced
since the late 20th century due to oversupply caused by the development and automation of production.
It also shows the development process of personalized production, which has been introduced in line
with the globalization trend of the 21st century.
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Key
X product variety
Y product volume per variant
1 massive production
2 mass customization
3 craft production
A globalization
B regionalization
C personalized production
[7]
Figure 3 — Personalized production [7]
Another issue other than the cost issue of personalized production is the maturity level of the design. In
the case of mass production environment, a small design error causes a big problem (largehigh cost and
time delay) in automated production lines. Therefore, it needs to have a higher level of maturity of the
design is needed. Through a series of test production cycles, the level of design maturity is further
increased. This requires a high design cost through multiple stages of design cycles and verification. Since
the design cost is relatively smalllow compared to the mass production and production cost, it is possible
to increase the design maturity level.
In the case of personalized production, it is difficult to increase the maturity level of the design due to
cost or time constraints. Since only one is produced using the design, the design cost cannot be large, and
the design time shallmust be short for economic reasons. In many cases, production begins before the
design is finished, so there is more possibility of production problems due to the immature design. In
order to correct errors found after the design is completed, the design is sometimes modified during the
production process. Modification of the errors found during production increases the total time of
production, and the cost increases accordingly.
Figure 4Figure 4 shows the current (As-Is) interface between PLM, ERP, and MES systems optimized for
mass production environments. Typically, ERP does not deal with 3D engineering information such as 3D
CAD models, a separate direct 3D link between PLM and MES is sometimes required. A typical mass
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production situation is that a production system is optimized for mass production through a series of test
productions, and a direct link between PLM (design) and MES (production) does not exist in many cases.
[8]
Figure 4 — As-Is configuration of PLM-MES data exchange [8]
Plant industries such as the shipbuilding industry and the construction industry are made make-to-order
(personalized production) fromsince the beginningstart of the industry hundreds of years ago. Every
product has an individual design, the production cycle begins even though the design is not yet complete,
and there is pressure to design the product quickly. In athe short time allowed for design, each product
shallmust be individually designed. Due to the design costcosts, it is difficult to afford multiple iterative
design cycles. Also, design verification using the real product is impossible in most cases. Experiments
using scaled-down models are being partially conducted.
Because design and production are overlappingoverlap (this concept is already widely used in
“concurrent engineering”), so the two departments of design and manufacturing shallmust work closely
together and exchange data. As the design department and the production department operate in a 3D
world, 3D information needneeds to be shared between the two departments.
Figure 5Figure 5 shows the proposed (To-Be) configuration among the three systems to support the
personalized production environment. This configuration adds a direct link between the PLM and the
MES. Since the two systemssystems' PLM and MES are developed without mutual consideration, there is
a discrepancy in terminologies and concepts. In order to support personalized manufacturing which is
being discussed in the 4thfourth industrial revolution or smart manufacturing, a standardized interface
definition and interface implementation between PLM and MES is needed.
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[8]
Figure 5 — To-Be configuration of PLM-MES data exchange [8]
PLM and MES have been independently developed and have been used independently for a considerable
period of time. Since the data model for each field is well established, the data model that needs to be
exchanged can be found and mapped in the PLM-MES interface.
The standard interface between PLM and MES can grow large. However, this standard partdocument only
deals with the visualization elements, to show the full scope of the work as a starting point. In this
TRdocument, an overview of the entire PLM-MES interface will beis described, and the visualization
elements will beare focused among them.
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[9]
There is a commercial product for the PLM-MES interface [9],, but there is no international standard
for the PLM-MES interface. Although there are separate international standards for PLM and MES
respectively, there is no international standard for an interface for exchanging 3D product information
and manufacturing information between PLM and MES. Therefore, this standard partdocument proposes
a part of the PLM-MES interface. Figure 6Figure 6 shows an example of the PLM-MES interface developed
by Siemens.
[9]
Figure 6 — Siemens integration between PLM, ERP, MES/MOM [9]
In order to establish the PLM-MES interface standard, a common data model between the existing PLM
standards and MES standards can be used as a starting point of the interface. Because the full scope of the
PLM-MES interface is diverse and complex, the scope of this standard partdocument only focuses on the
visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface.
When the interface is visualized, the detailed information of the interface is hidden, so that the displayed
image can intuitively show the overall outline. The text-format feedback sent from the production
department to the design department can also be used as the interface by borrowing the schema from
the existing PLM or MES standards. Since one of the main obstacles is 3D shape information, it is difficult
to use the existing schema as it is. The visualization elements can therefore be the first priority to develop
the overall PLM-MES interface standard.
4.14.2 4.1 Manufacturing automation pyramid
The manufacturing automation pyramid shown in Figure 7Figure 7 is a diagram showing the various
levels of automation in a discrete manufacturing factory.
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[10]
Figure 7 — Manufacturing automation pyramid [10]
At the field level in Figure 7,Figure 7, there are devices, actuators, and sensors that are visible in the field
or on the production floor. The control level controls and operates field-level devices that actually
perform physical tasks. PLC is used at the control level, and SCADA is used at the supervisor level. SCADA
can monitor and control multiple systems from a single location.
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The planning level utilizes a computer management system known as the Manufacturing Execution
System (MES). MES monitors the entire manufacturing process of a plant, from raw materials to finished
products of the plant. The management level uses an integrated management system known as ERP
(Enterprise Resources Management (ERP).
4.24.3 4.2 Types of manufacturing
According to the nature of product orders, manufacturing industry types are generally classified as
[11]
follows [11]: :
a) 1) Engineer-to-order (ETO), Design-to-order (DTO)
A customized product that does not make any parts in advance, and when an order comes in, the entire
process from design to production is made according to the order specifications.:: Shipyard, facility
manufacturing, aircraft/aerospace industry, engineering.
b) 2) Make-to-order (MTO)
Part of the product is made in advance, and the rest of the parts are made according to the order
specifications when an order is received and the finished product is made: Luxury goods, yachts.
c) 3) Assemble-to-order (ATO)
All parts that go into the finished product are made in advance, and when an order comes in, it is
assembled from that point on to make the finished product: Automobile industry, furniture industry,
machinery industry, rolling stock industry.
d) 4) Make-to-stock (MTS)
Products that are made in large quantities in advance and piled up in stock for sale. Most standardized
products: Electronics industry, machinery industry, steel industry.
e) 5) Continuous
A flow production method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption:
Chemicals, medicines, cosmetics.
Depending on the arrangement of manufacturing facilities, they can be classified as shown in Table 1
[11]
[11].Table 1 .
[11]
Table 1 — Classification of processes according to the layout of the manufacturing facility [11]
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5.
Category Sub-Category Description
Placing processing equipment with similar functions in the same
Unit job shop
space and processing an individual part.
Process layout
Placing processing equipment with similar functions in the same
Batch job shop
space and processing bundled parts.
Gathering facilities with different functions to form an
Discrete flow shop independent production line. Processing parts of assembling
products that follow the same order.
Product layout
The batch process in which processing or assembly is performed
Continuous flow shop
in exactly the same order along the flow line.
5 Elements of the PLM-MES interface
5.1 General
The related technologies that enable the interface of PLM-MES are briefly introduced. They are grouped
into subgroups as PLM, MES, and the interface.
5.2 5.1 PLM
5.2.1 5.1.1 ISO 10303-239
The ISO 10303 is an ISO standard for theseries covers computer-interpretable representation and
exchange of product manufacturing information. (PMI). It is designed to exchange product data between
[3]
different CAD systems using a neutral file format and data structure[3]. Its official title is: Industrial
automation systems and integration - Product data representation and exchange. It is known informally
[36]
as "STEP", which stands for "" (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data"[36].) . The ISO 10303
standards areseries is made of hundreds of modular parts.
ISO 10303-239 Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) is a standard for PLM that defines an information
model for product design, production processes and resources during the entire product lifecycle of a
product, as shown in Figure 8.Figure 8.
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[12,13]
Figure 8 — Scope of ISO 10303-239 and related standards for
...
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