ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020
(Main)Information technology — Home electronic systems (HES) architecture — Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP) protocol optimized for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
Information technology — Home electronic systems (HES) architecture — Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP) protocol optimized for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020(E) specifies a wireless protocol for low-powered devices such as energy harvesting devices in a home environment. This wireless protocol is specifically designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and switches extremely low. The design is characterized by • keeping the communications very short, infrequent and mostly unidirectional, and • using communication frequencies that provide a good range even at low transmit power and avoid collisions from disturbers. This allows the use of small and low-cost energy harvesting devices that can compete with similar battery-powered devices. The messages sent by energy harvesting devices are received and processed mainly by line-powered devices such as relay switch actuators, repeaters or gateways. Together these form part of a home automation system, which, when conforming to ISO/IEC 14543 (all parts), is defined as a home electronic system. This document specifies OSI Layers 1 to 3 of the amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP) protocols. The AMWSP protocol system consists of two and optionally three types of components that are specified in this document. These are the transmitter, the receiver and optionally the repeater. Repeaters are needed when the transmitter and the receiver are located in such a way that no good direct communication between them can be established. Protection against malicious attacks is handled in the upper layers and thus not treated in this document.
Technologies de l'information — Architecture des systèmes électroniques domestiques (HES) — Partie 3-10: Protocole de paquets de données courts sans fil à modulation d'amplitude (AMWSP) optimisé pour la cueillette d'énergie — Architecture et protocoles de couche inférieure
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10
Edition 2.0 2020-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP) protocol
optimized for energy harvesting – Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020-03(en)
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10
Edition 2.0 2020-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP) protocol
optimized for energy harvesting – Architecture and lower layer protocols
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-7979-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
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– 2 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
4 Conformance . 13
5 Architecture . 13
5.1 Generic protocol description . 13
5.1.1 Overview . 13
5.1.2 Physical layer . 14
5.1.3 Data link layer . 14
5.1.4 Network layer . 14
5.1.5 Transport layer . 15
5.1.6 Session layer . 15
5.1.7 Presentation layer . 15
5.1.8 Application layer . 15
5.2 Data unit description . 15
6 Layer 1 – Physical layer . 16
6.1 Overview. 16
6.2 General description . 16
6.3 Requirements for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 18
6.4 Requirements for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol. 21
6.5 Frame structure . 23
7 Layer 2 – Data link layer . 25
7.1 Overview. 25
7.2 Subtelegram timing . 25
7.3 Data integrity . 26
7.3.1 General . 26
7.3.2 4 bit summation hash function algorithm . 27
7.3.3 8 bit summation hash function algorithm . 27
7.3.4 8 bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) hash function algorithm . 27
7.4 Listen before talk . 28
8 Layer 3 – Network layer . 28
8.1 Overview. 28
8.2 Switch telegram . 28
8.3 Repeater . 29
8.3.1 General . 29
8.3.2 Time response for collision avoidance . 29
8.3.3 Bits of a repeater level in the STATUS byte . 30
8.4 Addressing . 30
8.4.1 General . 30
8.4.2 Encapsulation . 31
Annex A (informative) Examples of how to evaluate the hash values . 32
Bibliography . 34
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 3 –
Figure 1 – Structure of a subtelegram . 15
Figure 2 – Illustration of an ASK envelope and various physical parameters . 17
Figure 3 – Complete frame structure for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol . 23
Figure 4 – Encoded subframe . 24
Figure 5 – TX maturity time divided into four 10 ms time ranges . 25
Figure 6 – Conversion of a switch telegram to a normal telegram. 29
Figure 7 – Example of an encapsulation . 31
Figure A.1 – Example of a C code program of the 4 bit long summation hash value . 32
Figure A.2 – Example of a C code program of the 8 bit long summation hash value . 32
Figure A.3 – Efficient C code program for the evaluation of an 8 bit long CRC type
hash value . 33
Table 1 – AMWSP protocol stack structure (OSI) . 14
Table 2 – Transmitter requirements for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 19
Table 3 – Receiver requirements for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 20
Table 4 – Minimum required link budget for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 20
Table 5 – Maximum RX power for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 21
Table 6 – Transmitter requirements for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol. 21
Table 7 – Receiver requirements for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol . 22
Table 8 – Minimum required link budget for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol . 22
Table 9 – Maximum RX power for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol . 23
Table 10 – Frame definition for the 315 MHz AMWSP protocol . 24
Table 11 – Frame definition for the 868,3 MHz AMWSP protocol . 24
Table 12 – Maturity time parameters . 25
Table 13 – Allocation of time slots to the different subtelegrams . 26
Table 14 – Identification of the hash function used in the telegram . 27
Table 15 – Conversion of the telegram type and STATUS fields from a switch telegram
to a telegram . 29
Table 16 – STATUS byte with repeater level bits . 30
Table 17 – Repeating bits in STATUS byte . 30
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP)
protocol optimized for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
FOREWORD
1) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) form the
specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in
the development of International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any ISO and
IEC member body interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International
governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with ISO and IEC also participate in this preparation.
2) In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
3) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC and ISO on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
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Any divergence between any ISO/IEC publication and the corresponding national or regional publication
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9) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
10) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 was prepared by subcommittee 25:
Interconnection of information technology equipment, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
The list of all currently available parts of the ISO/IEC 14543 series, under the general title
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture, can be found on the
IEC and ISO websites.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
JTC1-SC25/2842/CDV JTC1-SC25/2864/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 5 –
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INTRODUCTION
Various electrically controlled sensors and switches are used in homes and similar
environments for many different applications. Examples of such applications are lighting,
heating, energy management, blinds control, different forms of security control and
entertainment (audio and video).
In most cases the device, e.g. a switch initiating an action, and the device, e.g. a lamp, are
installed at different places. The distance can be bridged by wires, infrared or radio
transmission. Presently equipment at both ends of a wireless transmission link needs to be
powered by line or battery.
While wireless transmissions are especially attractive to retrofit homes, power maintenance of
battery-driven devices is a burden. In addition, these batteries require scarce materials. Since
the command and control messages sent by control and sensor devices in homes are very
short, they can be powered using new techniques for energy harvesting, provided they use a
wireless protocol that operates on relatively low power. Energy available in the environment of
a device is captured and stored (harvested) to power operation of the device. Examples of
energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences, etc. If this
is executed, at least one device in the link neither needs a battery nor a wire. Energy
harvesting devices need very limited power and use an energy efficient radio protocol to send
data to other conventionally powered devices in the home. In order to ensure interoperability
of such devices from different sources within a home, an International Standard for a protocol
is required that uses the little power that energy harvesting devices can provide and at the
same time spans distances to be bridged within a home environment.
Several such devices used within a home often come from different sources. They are
required to interwork with each other using a common internal network (in this document
called a home network) and supporting a home automation system. When a home automation
system meets ISO/IEC HES Standards, it is called a home electronic system (HES).
Alternative transmission technologies are specified by ISO/IEC 14543 (all parts).
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 and ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 are optimized for energy harvesting based on
similar techniques, but with different modulation schemes. ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 and
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 specify two lower layer wireless short-packet protocols:
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 uses an amplitude modulated (AM) signal and ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 a
frequency modulated (FM) signal.
Amplitude modulated wireless communications are more energy efficient but less adapted to
mobile devices. This is because the impedance of a mobile antenna is affected by the
environment of the mobile device, for example, when the device is held in the hand or moved
to metal surface. Changes in impedance affect the amplitude linearity of the radio frequency
output amplifier, but have no impact on the frequency itself. Thus an AM wireless system is
more sensitive to changes in environment than an FM wireless system. Also frequencies
above 800 MHz are better suited for mobile devices, since they require smaller antennas.
Thus the frequency 315 MHz is not used in the FM specification, which makes the FM
wireless system more efficient for mobile devices.
Compared to the AM wireless system, the FM wireless system provides more flexibility in the
size of various pieces of information that can be transmitted. This includes the possibility to
have larger payloads, different lengths of the identifiers of originators and destinations, and
greater variability of structures and lengths of the telegram types. The number of steps a
telegram can be repeated is two for the AM wireless system and 15 for the FM wireless
system.
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 7 –
They are both efficient enough to
• support energy harvesting products for sensors and switches that require neither cabling
nor batteries, and
• extend the life of battery-operated devices.
Both an AM and an FM system can be active at the same time, since each system is so
constructed that only permitted messages are accepted. Collisions can be avoided by listen-
before-talk (LBT) technology or overcome by redundant transmissions.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-10: Amplitude modulated wireless short-packet (AMWSP)
protocol optimized for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 14543 specifies a wireless protocol for low-powered devices such as
energy harvesting devices in a home environment. This wireless protocol is specifically
designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and switches extremely low.
The design is characterized by
• keeping the communications very short, infrequent and mostly unidirectional, and
• using communication frequencies that provide a good range even at low transmit power
and avoid collisions from disturbers.
This allows the use of small and low-cost energy harvesting devices that can compete with
similar battery-powered devices. The messages sent by energy harvesting devices are
received and processed mainly by line-powered devices such as relay switch actuators,
repeaters or gateways. Together these form part of a home automation system, which, when
conforming to ISO/IEC 14543 (all parts), is defined as a home electronic system.
This document specifies OSI Layers 1 to 3 of the amplitude modulated wireless short-packet
(AMWSP) protocols.
The AMWSP protocol system consists of two and optionally three types of components that
are specified in this document. These are the transmitter, the receiver and optionally the
repeater. Repeaters are needed when the transmitter and the receiver are located in such a
way that no good direct communication between them can be established.
Protection against malicious attacks is handled in the upper layers and thus not treated in this
document.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ETSI EN 300 220-1 V3.1.1, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range
25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 9 –
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3.1.1
amplitude shift keying envelope
ASK envelope
envelope of the modulated signal
3.1.2
bit duration
time between transitions of the mesial amplitude of an ASK envelope in an alternating
sequence
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 shows this in detail.
3.1.3
bit duration error
deviation of bit duration from specified bit duration
3.1.4
byte
ordered set of eight binary digits, operated on as an entity
Note 1 to entry: The non-qualified term "byte" designates an 8-bit byte.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:2016, 702-05-09]
3.1.5
collision
state which exists when two wireless transmitters use the same wireless channel and transmit
data at the same time
3.1.6
cyclic redundancy check
CRC
integrity hash algorithm based on a polynomial division
3.1.7
DATA
application payload data transmitted in the telegram
3.1.8
energy harvesting device
device able to capture and store (harvest) energy from the environment to power its
operations
Note 1 to entry Examples of energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences,
etc.
3.1.9
frame
set of data to be transmitted as a complete unit on the physical layer
Note 1 to entry A frame contains the necessary protocol control and synchronization data for transmission
between network nodes.
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3.1.10
HASH
field in which the hash value for the data integrity control of each transmitted telegram and
subtelegram is specified
3.1.11
high nibble
upper four bits of the byte
Note 1 to entry The N value from the byte 0xNM.
3.1.12
high state amplitude
amplitude corresponding to the physical high state level
3.1.13
high state level
level of the ASK envelope that represents the high state amplitude
Note 1 to entry The definition aligns with IEEE 194-1977, 5.2.2.5, static levels. Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.14
identity of the destination device
DESTID
unique identity of the destination device of an AMWSP telegram consisting of four bytes
3.1.15
identity of the transmitting device
TXID
unique identity of the AMWSP protocol transmitting device consisting of four bytes
3.1.16
inverse bits
INV
bits added by the encoding procedure into a subframe behind the third and the sixth bit to
reduce the DC content of the data
3.1.17
listen before talk
LBT
technique of checking the occupancy of the wireless channel before transmitting any frames
3.1.18
low nibble
lower four bits of the byte
Note 1 to entry The M value from the byte 0xNM.
3.1.19
low state amplitude
amplitude corresponding to the physical low state level
3.1.20
low state level
level of the ASK envelope that represents the low state amplitude
Note 1 to entry The definition aligns with IEEE 194-1977, 5.2.2.5, static levels. Figure 2 gives an illustration.
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020 – 11 –
3.1.21
mesial power level
median between high state level and low state level of an ASK envelope
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.22
negative overshoot
difference between minimum peak level and low state level of an ASK envelope after a
transition from a high state to a low state has occurred
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.23
negative undershoot
difference between maximum peak level and low state level of an ASK envelope after a
transition from a high state to a low state has occurred
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.24
nibble
four-bit aggregation or half a byte
3.1.25
positive overshoot
difference between maximum peak level and high state level of ASK envelope after a
transition from a low state to a high state has occurred
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.26
positive undershoot
difference between minimum peak level and high state level of ASK envelope after a transition
from a low state to a high state has occurred
Note 1 to entry Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.27
receiving device maturity time
RX maturity time
maximum time, determined at the receiving device, between the end of the first subtelegram
and the end of the last subtelegram belonging to the same telegram
3.1.28
repeated telegram
telegram transmitted by a repeater
3.1.29
repeater
device that receives telegrams and sends refreshed signals to any AMWSP receiver
3.1.30
subframe
subtelegram byte expanded by protocol control and synchronization information
3.1.31
subtelegram
smallest interpreted data unit containing the fields telegram type (RORG), payload (DATA),
transmitter identity (TXID), STATUS and HASH
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3.1.32
switch telegram
telegram with fields telegram type (RORG), payload (DATA), transmitter identity (TXID) and
HASH
Note 1 to entry The switch telegram structure differs from the telegram in that the fields of RORG and HASH are
only four bits long and that it does not contain a STATUS field.
3.1.33
synchronization bits
SYNC
bits inserted by an encoding procedure at the end of each subframe (except for the last
subframe) to provide clock resynchronization
Note 1 to entry Synchronization bits also reduce the DC content of transmitted data and can be used to ensure
dat
...
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