ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012
(Main)Information technology — Home electronic systems (HES) architecture — Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP) protocol optimized for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
Information technology — Home electronic systems (HES) architecture — Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP) protocol optimized for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012(E) specifies a wireless protocol for low-powered devices such as energy harvested devices in a home environment. This wireless protocol is specifically designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and switches extremely low. The WSP protocol system consists of two and optionally three types of components that are specified in this standard. These are the transmitter, the receiver and optionally the repeater. Repeaters are needed when the transmitter and the receiver are located in such a way that no good direct communication between them can be established.
Technologies de l'information — Architecture des systèmes électroniques domestiques (HES) — Partie 3-10: Protocole de paquets de données courts sans fil (WSP) optimisé pour la cueillette d'énergie — Architecture et protocoles de couche inférieure
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10
Edition 1.0 2012-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP) protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012(E)
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ISO/IEC 14543-3-10
Edition 1.0 2012-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP) protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
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ICS 35.200 ISBN 978-2-88912-970-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Conformance . 12
5 Architecture . 12
5.1 Generic protocol description . 12
5.1.1 Overview . 12
5.1.2 Physical layer . 13
5.1.3 Data link layer . 13
5.1.4 Network layer . 13
5.1.5 Transport layer . 14
5.1.6 Session layer . 14
5.1.7 Presentation layer . 14
5.1.8 Application layer . 14
5.2 Data unit description . 14
6 Layer 1 – Physical layer . 15
6.1 Overview . 15
6.2 General description . 15
6.3 Requirements for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 18
6.4 Requirements for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 20
6.5 Frame Structure . 22
7 Layer 2 – Data link layer . 23
7.1 Overview . 23
7.2 Subtelegram timing . 23
7.3 Data integrity . 25
7.3.1 General . 25
7.3.2 4 bit summation hash function algorithm . 25
7.3.3 8 bit summation hash function algorithm . 25
7.3.4 8 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) hash function algorithm . 26
7.4 Listen before talk . 26
8 Layer 3 – Network layer . 26
8.1 Overview . 26
8.2 Switch telegram . 27
8.3 Repeater . 28
8.3.1 General . 28
8.3.2 Time response for collision avoidance . 28
8.3.3 Bits of a repeater level in the STATUS byte . 28
8.4 Addressing . 29
8.4.1 General . 29
8.4.2 Encapsulation . 29
Annex A (informative) Examples of how to evaluate the hash values . 31
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
Bibliography . 33
Figure 1 – Structure of a subtelegram . 14
Figure 2 – Illustration of an ASK envelope and various physical parameters . 16
Figure 3 – Complete frame structure for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 22
Figure 4 – Encoded subframe . 22
Figure 5 – TX maturity time divided into four 10 ms time ranges . 24
Figure 6 – Conversion of a switch telegram to a normal telegram . 28
Figure 7 – Example of an encapsulation . 30
Figure A.1 – Example of a C code program of the 4 bit long summation hash value . 31
Figure A.2 – Example of a C code program of the 8 bit long summation hash value . 31
Figure A.3 – Efficient C code program for the evaluation of an 8 bit long CRC type
hash value . 32
Table 1 – WSP protocol stack structure (OSI) . 13
Table 2 – Transmitter requirements for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 18
Table 3 – Receiver requirements for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 19
Table 4 – Minimum required link budget for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 19
Table 5 – Maximum RX power for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 19
Table 6 – Transmitter requirements for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 20
Table 7 – Receiver requirements for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 21
Table 8 – Minimum required link budget for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 21
Table 9 – Maximum RX power for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 21
Table 10 – Frame definition for the 315 MHz WSP protocol . 23
Table 11 – Frame definition for the 868,3 MHz WSP protocol . 23
Table 12 – Maturity time parameters . 24
Table 13 – Allocation of time slots to the different subtelegrams . 24
Table 14 – Identification of the hash function used in the telegram . 25
Table 15 – Conversion of the telegram type and STATUS fields from a switch telegram
to a telegram . 27
Table 16 – STATUS byte with repeater level bits . 29
Table 17 – Repeating bits in STATUS byte . 29
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP)
protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
FOREWORD
1) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) form the
specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in
the development of International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any ISO and
IEC member body interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International
governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with ISO and IEC also participate in this preparation.
2) In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
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international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
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patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The International Standard ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 was prepared by subcommittee 25:
Interconnection of information technology equipment, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
The list of all currently available parts of the ISO/IEC 14543 series, under the general title
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture, can be found on the
IEC web site.
This International Standard has been approved by vote of the member bodies, and the voting
results may be obtained from the address given on the title page.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
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INTRODUCTION
Various electrically controlled sensors and switches are used in homes and similar
environments for many different applications. Examples of such applications are lighting,
heating, energy management, blinds control, different forms of security control and
entertainment (audio and video).
In most cases the device, e.g. a switch initiating an action, and the device, e.g., a lamp, are
installed at different places. The distance can be bridged by wires, infrared or radio
transmission. Presently equipment at both ends of a wireless transmission link needs to be
powered by line or battery.
While wireless transmissions are especially attractive to retrofit homes, power maintenance of
battery-driven devices is a burden. In addition, these batteries require scarce materials. Since
the command and control messages sent by control and sensor devices in homes are very
short, they can be powered using new techniques for energy harvesting, provided they use a
wireless protocol that operates on relatively low power. Energy available in the environment of
a device is captured and stored (harvested) to power operation of the device. Examples of
energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences, etc. If this
is executed at least one device in the link neither needs a battery nor a wire. Energy
harvesting devices need very limited power and use an energy efficient radio protocol to send
data to other conventionally powered devices in the home. In order to ensure interoperability
of such devices from different sources within a home, an international standard for a protocol
is required that uses the little power that energy harvested devices can provide and at the
same time spans distances to be bridged within a home environment.
Several such devices used within a home may come from different sources. They are required
to interwork with each other using a common internal network (in this standard called a home
network) and supporting a home automation system. When a home automation system meets
ISO/IEC HES Standards, it is called a Home Electronic System (HES).
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 specifies the Wireless Short-Packet protocol. The protocol is efficient
enough to
• support energy harvested products for sensors and switches that do not require wires and
batteries, and
• extend the life of battery-operated devices.
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 7 –
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-10: Wireless short-packet (WSP)
protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 14543 specifies a wireless protocol for low-powered devices such as
energy harvested devices in a home environment. This wireless protocol is specifically
designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and switches extremely low.
The design is characterised by
• keeping the communications very short, infrequent and mostly unidirectional, and
• using communication frequencies that provide a good range even at low transmit power
and avoid collisions from disturbers.
This allows the use of small and low cost energy harvesters that can compete with similar
batteries-powered devices. The messages sent by energy harvested devices are received and
processed mainly by line-powered devices such as relay switch actuators, repeaters or
gateways. Together these form part of a home automation system, which, when conforming to
the ISO/IEC 14543 series of standards, is defined as a home electronic system.
This part of ISO/IEC 14543 specifies OSI Layers 1 to 3 of the Wireless Short-Packet (WSP)
protocol.
The WSP protocol system consists of two and optionally three types of components that are
specified in this standard. These are the transmitter, the receiver and optionally the repeater.
Repeaters are needed when the transmitter and the receiver are located in such a way that no
good direct communication between them can be established.
Protection against malicious attacks is handled in the upper layers and thus not treated in this
standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7498-1, Information technology – Open systems interconnection – Basic reference
model – Part 1: The basic model
EN 300 220-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency
range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW – Part 1: Technical characteristics and test
methods
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3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
amplitude shift keying envelope
ASK envelope
envelope of the modulated signal
3.1.2
bit duration
time between transitions of the mesial power level of an ASK envelope in an alternating
sequence
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 shows this in detail.
3.1.3
bit duration error
deviation of bit duration from specified bit duration
3.1.4
byte
represented by 8 bits
3.1.5
collision
two wireless transmitters using the same wireless channel and transmitting data at the same
time
3.1.6
cyclic redundancy check
CRC
integrity hash algorithm based on a polynomial division
3.1.7
DATA
application payload data transmitted in the telegram
3.1.8
energy harvesting
energy available in the environment of a device that is captured and stored (harvested) to
power operation of the device
Note 1 to entry: Examples of energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences,
etc.
3.1.9
frame
set of data to be transmitted as a complete unit on the physical layer
Note 1 to entry: A frame contains the necessary protocol control and synchronisation data for transmission
between network nodes.
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 9 –
3.1.10
HASH
field in which the hash value for the data integrity control of each transmitted telegram and
subtelegram is specified
3.1.11
high nibble
upper 4 bits of the byte
Note 1 to entry: The N value from the byte 0xNM.
3.1.12
high state amplitude
power level of the high state level
3.1.13
high state level
level of the ASK envelope that represents the high state amplitude
Note 1 to entry: The definition aligns with IEEE 194-1977, 5.2.2.5, static levels. Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.14
identity of the destination device
DESTID
unique identity of the destination device of a WSP telegram consisting of four bytes
3.1.15
identity of the transmitting device
TXID
unique identity of the WSP protocol transmitting device consisting of four bytes
3.1.16
inverse bits
INV
rd th
added by the encoding procedure into a subframe behind the 3 and the 6 bit to reduce the
DC content of the data
3.1.17
listen before talk
LBT
technique of checking the occupancy of the wireless channel before transmitting any frames
3.1.18
low nibble
lower 4 bits of the byte
Note 1 to entry: The M value from the byte 0xNM.
3.1.19
low state amplitude
power level of the low state level.
3.1.20
low state level
level of the ASK envelope that represents the low state amplitude
Note 1 to entry: The definition aligns with IEEE 194-1977, 5.2.2.5, static levels. Figure 2 gives an illustration.
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3.1.21
mesial power level
median between high state level and low state level of an ASK envelope
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.22
negative overshoot
difference between minimum peak level and low state level of an ASK envelope after a
transition from a high state to a low state has occurred
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.23
negative undershoot
difference between maximum peak level and low state level of an ASK envelope after a
transition from a high state to a low state has occurred
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.24
nibble
four-bit aggregation or half a byte
3.1.25
positive overshoot
difference between maximum peak level and high state level of ASK envelope after a
transition from a low state to a high state has occurred
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.26
positive undershoot
difference between minimum peak level and high state level of ASK envelope after a transition
from a low state to a high state has occurred
Note 1 to entry: Figure 2 gives an illustration.
3.1.27
receiving device maturity time
determines at the receiving device the maximum time between the end of the first
subtelegram and the end of the last subtelegram belonging to the same telegram
3.1.28
repeated telegrams
telegrams transmitted by a repeater
3.1.29
repeater
receives telegrams and sends refreshed signals to any WSP receiver
3.1.30
subframe
subtelegram byte expanded by protocol control and synchronisation information
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 11 –
3.1.31
subtelegram
smallest interpreted data unit containing the fields telegram type (RORG), payload (DATA),
transmitter identity (TXID), STATUS and HASH
3.1.32
switch telegram
telegram with fields telegram type (RORG), payload (DATA), transmitter identity (TXID) and
HASH
Note 1 to entry: The switch telegram structure differs from the telegram in that the fields of RORG and HASH are
only 4 bits long and that it does not contain a STATUS field.
3.1.33
synchronisation bits
SYNC
bits inserted by an encoding procedure at the end of each subframe (except for the last
subframe) to provide clock resynchronisation
Note 1 to entry: Synchronisation bits also reduce the DC content of transmitted data and can be used to ensure
data reliability and integrity.
3.1.34
telegram
data unit composed of one or more identical subtelegrams
Note 1 to entry: A telegram has the same structure and contains the same information as a subtelegram.
3.1.35
telegram type
RORG
identifies the type of a telegram in the WSP protocol
Note 1 to entry: This type of telegram is denoted CHOICE in ISO/IEC 8825-2.
Note 2 to entry: There are several types of telegrams, but with the exception of the switch telegram, they are not
defined in this standard.
3.1.36
time slot
unit of 1 ms of RX or TX maturity time
3.1.37
transmitting device lead time
time between activation of transmitting device and the transmission of first preamble bit
3.1.38
transmitting device maturity time
maximum time for the transmission of one complete telegram as determined at the sending
device
3.1.39
transmitting device overtravel time
time between deactivation of TX blocks and end of last EOF bit
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3.2 Abbreviations
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DC Direct Current
DESTID Destination device Identity
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
ERP Effective Radiated Power
EOF End of Frame
INV Inverse bits
LBT Listen Before Talk
MSB Most Significant Bit
PRE Preamble
RX Receiver
RORG Telegram type
SOF Start Of Frame
SYNC Synchronisation bits
TX Transmitter
TXID Transmitting device Identity
WSP Wireless Short-Packet
4 Conformance
The three components of the WSP protocol system that are specified in this standard are the
transmitter, the receiver and the repeaters. The repeaters shall be able both to transmit and
to receive telegrams and thus shall support both the requirements for the transmitters and the
receivers.
To conform to this International Standard the components shall support one of the two
wireless frequencies specified unless another frequency is mandated by local regulations. For
the frequency chosen, the transmitter shall support all the transmitter requirements that are
not explicitly listed as optional, and the receiver shall support all the receiver requirements
that are not explicitly listed as optional. These requirements are specified in 5.2 and Clauses
6, 7 and 8.
5 Architecture
5.1 Generic protocol description
5.1.1 Overview
This subclause provides a comprehensive overview of the wireless short-packet (WSP)
protocol stack (see Table 1). The WSP is a lightweight layered protocol designed to minimise
both energy demand and the probability of a transmission collision. The WSP protocol stack
accommodates the structure of the OSI reference model (see ISO/IEC 7498-1).
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14543-3-10 © ISO/IEC:2012(E) – 13 –
Table 1 – WSP protocol stack structure (OSI)
Wireless short-packet protocol (WSP) stack
Standard Layer Services Data units
Application
Not defined Presentation
in this
standar
...
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