ISO 18629-41:2006

Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 41: Definitional extension: Activity extensions

ISO 18629-41:2006 provides definitions written in the language of ISO 18629 for concepts related to activity extensions in the process specification language. The process specification language is aimed at structuring the semantic concepts intrinsic to the capture and exchange of process information related to discrete manufacturing.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de spécification de procédé — Partie 41: Extension de définition: Extensions d'activité

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Aug-2006
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4 - Industrial data
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 15 - Digital manufacturing
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 07-Dec-2023
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Splited From: ISO 18629-1:2004 - Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 1: Overview and basic principles
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18629-41
First edition
2006-08-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Process specification
language —
Part 41:
Definitional extension: Activity
extensions
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de
spécification de procédé —
Partie 41: Extension de définition: Extensions d'activité

Reference number
©
ISO 2006
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Contents Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative References. 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations. 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviations. 6
4 General organization of parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629. 6
5 Organization of this part of ISO 18629. 7
6 Non-deterministic activities: Permuting Branch Structure . 8
6.1 Primitive lexicon of the Permuting Branch Structure.8
6.2 Defined lexicon for concepts of Permuting Branch Structure . 8
6.3 Core Theories required by Permuting Branch Structure. 9
6.4 Definitional extensions required by Permuting Branch Structure . 9
6.5 Definitions of concepts for Permuting Branch Structure. 9
6.5.1 Branch_monomorphic. 9
6.5.2 Branch_automorphic. 10
6.5.3 Permuted . 10
6.5.4 Nondet_permuted. 10
6.5.5 Partial_permuted. 11
6.5.6 Simple . 11
6.6 Grammar for relations of Permuting Branch Structure. 12
7 Non-deterministic activities: Folding Branch Structure . 12
7.1 Primitive lexicon of Folding Branch Structure. 13
7.2 Defined lexicon for concepts of Folding Branch Structure . 13
7.3 Theories required by Folding Branch Structure. 13
7.4 Definitional extensions required by Folding Branch Structure. 13
7.5 Definitions of Folding Branch Structure. 13
7.5.1 Branch_homomorphic. 14
7.5.2 Folded . 14
7.5.3 Nondet_folded . 14
7.5.4 Partial_folded. 15
7.5.5 Rigid. 15
7.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Folding Branch Structure . 16
8 Non-deterministic activities: Branch Structure and Ordering. 16
8.1 Primitive lexicon of Branch Structure and Ordering . 16
8.2 Defined lexicon of Branch Structure and Ordering . 16
8.3 Theories required by Branch Structure and Ordering. 17
8.4 Definitional extensions required by Branch Structure and Ordering. 17
8.5 Definitions of Branch Structure and Ordering. 17
8.5.1 Mono_tree. 17
iii
8.5.2 Order_tree . 18
8.5.3 Root_automorphic . 18
8.5.4 Ordered . 19
8.5.5 Nondet_ordered . 19
8.5.6 Broken_ordered . 20
8.5.7 Unordered . 20
8.6 Grammar for Branch Structure and Ordering .20
9 Non-deterministic activities: Repetitive Branch Structure . 22
9.1 Primitive lexicon of Repetitive Branch Structure. 22
9.2 Defined relations of Repetitive Branch Structure. 22
9.3 Theories required by Repetitive Branch Structure.23
9.4 Definitional extensions required by Repetitive Branch Structure. 23
9.5 Definitions of Repetitive Branch Structure. 23
9.5.1 Branch_mono. 23
9.5.2 Reptree. 24
9.5.3 Repetitive. 24
9.5.4 nondet_repetitive . 25
9.5.5 partial_repetitive . 25
9.5.6 Amorphous. 26
9.6 Grammar for Repetitive Branch Structure. 26
10 Spectrum of activities: Permuting Activity Trees. 27
10.1 Primitive lexicon of Permuting Activity Trees. 27
10.2 Defined relations of Permuting Activity Trees. 27
10.3 Theories required by Permuting Activity Trees. 27
10.4 Definitional extensions required by Permuting Activity Trees. 28
10.5 Definitions of Permuting Activity Trees. 28
10.5.1 Reordered. 28
10.5.2 Nondet_reordered . 28
10.5.3 Partial_reordered. 29
10.5.4 Unorderable . 29
10.6 Grammar for process descriptions of Permuting Activity Trees . 30
11 Spectrum of Activities: Compacting Branch Structure. 30
11.1 Primitive lexicon of Compacting Branch Structure. 30
11.2 Defined lexicon of Compacting Branch Structure. 30
11.3 Theories required by Compacting Branch Structure. 31
11.4 Definitional extensions required by Compacting Branch Structure . 31
11.5 Definitions of Compacting Branch Structure. 31
11.5.1 Compacted . 31
11.5.2 Nondet_compacted . 32
11.5.3 Partial_compacted. 32
11.5.4 Stiff . 33
11.6 Grammar for Compacting Branch Structure.33
12 Spectrum of Activities: Activity Trees and Re-ordering . 34
12.1 Primitive lexicon of Activity Trees and Re-ordering. 34
12.2 Defined lexicon of Activity Trees and Re-ordering. 34
12.3 Theories required by Activity Trees and Re-ordering . 34
12.4 Definitional extensions required by Activity Trees and Re-ordering . 35
12.5 Definitions of Activity Trees and Re-ordering . 35
12.5.1 Treeordered. 35
iv
12.5.2 Nondet_treeordered. 35
12.5.3 Partial_treeordered. 36
12.5.4 Scrambled . 36
12.6 Grammar of Activity Trees and Re-ordering. 36
13 Spectrum and Subtree Containment. 37
13.1 Primitive lexicon of Spectrum and Subtree Containment. 37
13.2 Defined lexicon of Spectrum and Subtree Containment. 37
13.3 Theories required by Spectrum and Subtree Containment . 38
13.4 Definitional extensions required by Spectrum and Subtree Containment . 38
13.5 Definitions of Spectrum and Subtree Containment . 38
13.5.1 Subtree_embed. 38
13.5.2 Multiple_outcome. 39
13.5.3 Weak_outcome . 39
13.5.4 Nondet_outcome. 39
13.5.5 imiscible. 40
13.6 Grammar for Permuting Branch Structure. 40
14 Embedding constraints for activities. 40
14.1 Primitive lexicon of embedding constraints for activities . 40
14.2 Defined lexicon of embedding constraints for activities. 40
14.3 Theories required by embedding constraints for activities . 41
14.4 Definitional extensions required by embedding constraints for activities . 41
14.5 Definitions of embedding constraints for activities . 41
14.5.1 Live_branch . 41
14.5.2 Embedded . 42
14.5.3 Dead_branch . 42
14.5.4 Dead_occurrence . 43
14.5.5 Embed_tree . 43
14.5.6 Subocc_equiv. 43
14.5.7 unrestricted. 44
14.6 Grammar for Embedding Constraints for Activities. 44
15 Skeletal Activity Trees. 44
15.1 Primitive lexicon of Skeletal Activity Trees. 44
15.2 Defined lexicon of Skeletal Activity Trees. 44
15.3 Theories required by Skeletal Activity Trees . 45
15.4 Definitional extensions required by Skeletal Activity Trees . 45
15.5 Definitions of Skeletal Activity Trees . 45
15.5.1 Fused. 45
15.5.2 Embedd_occ. 45
15.5.3 Free . 46
15.5.4 Assisted. 46
15.5.5 Helpless. 47
15.5.6 Unbound. 47
15.5.7 Bound. 47
15.5.8 Strict. 48
15.6 Grammar for Skeletal Activity Tree . 48
16 Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 48
16.1 Primitive lexicon of Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 48
v
16.2 Defined lexicon of Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 48
16.3 Theories required by Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 49
16.4 Definitional extensions required by Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 49
16.5 Definitions of Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 49
16.5.1 Natural . 49
16.5.2 Artificial. 49
16.5.3 Performed. 50
16.5.4 Up_ghost. 50
16.5.5 Up_conflict . 50
16.5.6 Quark . 51
16.6 Grammar for Atomic Activities: Upwards Concurrency. 51
17 Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency. 51
17.1 Primitive lexicon of Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency . 51
17.2 Defined lexicon of Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency . 51
17.3 Theories required by Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency. 52
17.4 Definitional extensions required by Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency. 52
17.5 Definitions of Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency. 52
17.5.1 Superpose. 52
17.5.2 Assistance . 52
17.5.3 Team . 53
17.5.4 Ghost. 53
17.5.5 Conflict . 53
17.5.6 Dysfunction. 54
17.6 Grammar for Atomic Activities: Downwards Concurrency . 54
18 Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 54
18.1 Primitive lexicon of Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 54
18.2 Defined lexicon of Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 54
18.3 Theories required by Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 55
18.4 Definitional extensions required by Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 55
18.5 Definitions of Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 55
18.5.1 Global_ideal. 55
18.5.2 global_nonideal. 56
18.5.3 global_filter. 56
18.5.4 global_nonfilter. 56
18.6 Grammar for Spectrum of Atomic Activities .57
19 Preconditions for Activities . 57
19.1 Primitive lexicon of Preconditions for Activities . 57
19.2 Defined lexicon of Preconditions for Activities . 57
19.3 Theories required by Preconditions for Activities . 57
19.4 Definitional extensions required by Spectrum of Atomic Activities . 57
19.5 Definitions of Preconditions for Activities . 57
19.5.1 poss_equiv . 57
19.5.2 trunc . 58
19.5.3 unconstrained . 58
19.6 Grammar for Preconditions for Activities . 58
Annex A (normative) ASN.1 Identifier of ISO 18629-41 . 59
Annex B (informative) Example of process description using ISO 18629-41 . 60
Bibliography . 74
vi
Index . 75

Figures
Figure 1: Definitional Extensions of ISO 18629-41 . 8
Figure B.1: TOP level process for manufacturing a GT350 . 61
Figure B.2: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Engine. 64
Figure B.3: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Block. 67
Figure B.4: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Harness . 69
Figure B.5: PROCESS for manufacturing the harness wire . 71
Figure B.6 : Process for manufacturing the 350-Wire . 71
vii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18629-41 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A complete list of parts of ISO 18629 is available from the Internet:
http://www.tc184-sc4.org/titles

viii
Introduction
ISO 18629 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable exchange of information related
to manufacturing processes. Taken together, all the parts contained in ISO 18629 provide a generic
language for describing a manufacturing process throughout the entire production process within the
same industrial company or across several industrial sectors or companies, independently from any
particular representation model. The nature of this language makes it suitable for sharing process
specifications and properties related to manufacturing during all the stages of a production process.
This part of ISO 18629 provides a description of the definitional extensions of the language related to
activity extensions defined within ISO 18629.
All parts of ISO 18629 are independent of any specific process representation model used in a given
application. Collectively, they provide a structural framework for improving the interoperability of
these applications.
ix
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD                                   ISO 18629-41:2006 (E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Process
specification language —
Part 41:
Definitional extension: Activity extensions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18629 provides a specification of non-primitive concepts of the language, using a
set of definitions written in the language of ISO 18629. These definitions provide an axiomatization
of the semantics for terminology in this part of ISO 18629.
The following is within the scope of this part of ISO 18629:
⎯ definitions of concepts specified using concepts of ISO 18629-11 and ISO 18629-12 that are inde-
pendent of state and time relations, and related to classes of activity such as those listed in Clause 5.
The following is outside the scope of this part of ISO 18629:
⎯ definitions of state and time-related concepts specified using concepts of ISO 18629-11 and
ISO 18629-12.
2  Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) - Part 1:
Specification of basic notation
ISO 10303-1, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 15531-1, Industrial automation systems and integration - Industrial manufacturing management
data - Part 1: General overview
ISO 18629-1: 2004, Industrial automation systems and integration – Process specification language
– Part 1 : Overview and basic principles
ISO 18629-11: 2005, Industrial automation systems and integration – Process specification language
– Part 11 : PSL core
ISO 18629-12: 2005, Industrial automation systems and integration – Process specification language
– Part 12: Outer core
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1.1
axiom
well-formed formula in a formal language that provides constraints on the interpretation of symbols in
the lexicon of a language
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.2
data
representation of information in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or
processing by human beings or computers
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.3
defined lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote defined concepts
NOTE Defined lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
EXAMPLE  terms with conservative definitions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.4
definitional extension
extension of PSL-Core that introduces new linguistic items which can be completely defined in terms
of the PSL-Core
NOTE: Definitional extensions add no new expressive power to PSL-Core but are used to specify the semantics
and terminology in the domain application.

[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.5
discrete manufacturing
production of discrete items
EXAMPLE Cars, appliances or computer.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.6
extension
augmentation of PSL-Core containing additional axioms
NOTE 1  The PSL-Core is a relatively simple set of axioms that is adequate for expressing a wide range of basic processes.
However, more complex processes require expressive resources that exceed those of the PSL-Core. Rather than clutter the
PSL-Core itself with every conceivable concept that might prove useful in describing one process or another, a variety of
separate, modular extensions need to be developed and added to the PSL-Core as necessary. In this way a user can tailor the
language precisely to suit his or her expressive needs.
NOTE 2  All extensions are core theories or definitional extensions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.7
grammar
specification of how logical symbols and lexical terms can be combined to make well-formed
formulae
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.8
information
facts, concepts, or instructions
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.9
language
combination of a lexicon and a grammar
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.10
manufacturing
function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a
state of further completion
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.11
manufacturing process
structured set of activities or operations performed upon material to convert it from the raw material
or a semifinished state to a state of further completion
NOTE Manufacturing processes may be arranged in process layout, product layout, cellular layout or fixed
position layout. Manufacturing processes may be planned to support make-to-stock, make-to-order, assemble-
to-order, etc., based on strategic use and placements of inventories.

[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.12
model
combination of a set of elements and a truth assignment that satisfies all well-formed formulae in a
theory
NOTE 1 The word "model" is used, in logic, in a way that differs from the way it is used in most scientific and everyday
contexts : if a sentence is true in a certain interpretation, it is possible to say that the interpretation is a model of the sentence.
The kind of semantics presented here is often called model-theoretical semantics.
NOTE 2  A model is typically represented as a set with some additional structure (partial ordering, lattice, or vector space).
The model then defines meanings for the terminology and a notion of truth for sentences of the language in terms of this
model. Given a model, the underlying set of axioms of the mathematical structures used in the set of axioms then becomes
available as a basis for reasoning about the concepts intended by the terms of the language and their logical relationships, so
that the set of models constitutes the formal semantics of the ontology.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.13
ontology
lexicon of specialised terminology along with some specification of the meaning of terms in the
lexicon
NOTE 1: structured set of related terms given with a specification of the meaning of the terms in a formal
language. The specification of meaning explains why and how the terms are related and conditions how the set
is partitioned and structured.

NOTE 2:  The primary component of a process specification language such as ISO 18629 is an ontology.  The
primitive concepts in the ontology according to ISO 18629 are adequate for describing basic manufacturing,
engineering, and business processes.

NOTE 3:  The focus of an ontology is not only on terms, but also on their meaning. An arbitrary set of terms is
included in the ontology, but these terms can only be shared if there is an agreement about their meaning. It is
the intended semantics of the terms that is being shared, not simply the terms.

NOTE 4:  Any term used without an explicit definition is a possible source of ambiguity and confusion. The
challenge for an ontology is that a framework is needed for making explicit the meaning of the terms within it.
For the ISO 18629 ontology, it is necessary to provide a rigorous mathematical characterisation of process
information as well as a precise expression of the basic logical properties of that information in the ISO 18629
language.
NOTE 5  In practice, extensions incorporate the axioms of the Outer Core.

[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.14
primitive concept
lexical term that has no conservative definition
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.15
primitive lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote primitive concepts
NOTE Primitive lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.16
process
structured set of activities involving various enterprise entities, that is designed and organised for a
given purpose
NOTE The definition provided here is very close to that given in ISO 10303-49. Nevertheless ISO 15531 needs
the notion of structured set of activities, without any predefined reference to the time or steps. In addition, from
the point of view of flow management, some empty processes may be needed for a synchronisation purpose
although they are not actually doing anything (ghost task).

[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.17
product
a thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.18
resource
any device, tool and means, excepted raw material and final product components, at the disposal of
the enterprise to produce goods or services
NOTE 1  Resources as they are defined here include human resources considered as specific means with a
given capability and a given capacity. Those means are considered as being able to be involved in the
manufacturing process through assigned tasks. That does not include any modelling of an individual or common
behaviour of human resource excepted in their capability to perform a given task in the manufacturing process
(e.g.: transformation of raw material or component, provision of logistic services). That means that human
resources are only considered, as the other, from the point of view of their functions, their capabilities and their
status (e.g.: idle, busy). That excludes any modelling or representation of any aspect of individual or common
«social» behaviour.
NOTE 2 This definition includes ISO 10303-49 definition but is included in the definition that applies for ISO 18629-14
and ISO 18629-44 that includes raw materials and consumables.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.19
theory
set of axioms and definitions that pertain to a given concept or set of concepts
NOTE this definition reflects the approach of artificial intelligence in which a theory is the set of assumptions on which the
meaning of the related concept is based.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.2 Abbreviations
KIF Knowledge Interchange Language.
4 General organization of parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629
Parts 41 to 49 of ISO 18629 specify definitional extensions needed to give precise definitions and
a set of axioms f
...