Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 1: Overview and basic principles

ISO 18629-1:2004 provides a general overview of the different series of parts of ISO 18629, which defines a process specification language aimed at identifying, formally defining and structuring the semantic concepts intrinsic to the capture and exchange of process information related to discrete manufacturing.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de spécification de procédé — Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principes de base

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Publication Date
22-Nov-2004
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9093 - International Standard confirmed
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05-Dec-2019
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18629-1
First edition
2004-11-15

Industrial automation systems and
integration — Process specification
language —
Part 1:
Overview and basic principles
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de
spécification de procédé —
Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principes de base




Reference number
ISO 18629-1:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 18629-1:2004(E)
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)


Contents      Page

1. Scope. 1
2. Normative references. 1
3. Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.1. Terms and definitions. 2
3.2. Abbreviations. 8
4. Overview of ISO 18629 . 8
4.1. ISO 18629 general. 8
4.2. The Process Specification Language (PSL) fundamental principles. 10
4.3. Requirements for PSL extensions . 11
4.3.1. Non-logical Lexicon. 11
4.3.2. Specification of Models. 12
4.3.3. Axioms of the extensions . 12
4.3.4. Grammar for process descriptions. 12
4.3.5. Format for extensions. 12
4.4. Organisation of the ISO 18629 Standard. 13
4.5. ISO 18629-1x series Core theories. 14
4.5.1. ISO 18629-11 PSL-Core . 14
4.5.2. ISO 18629-12 Outer Core . 15
4.5.3. ISO 18628-13 Time and ordering theories. 16
4.5.4. ISO 18629-14 Resource theories. 16
4.5.5. ISO 18629-15 Activity performance theories . 17
4.6. ISO 18629-2x series External mappings . 17
4.7. ISO 18629-4x series Definitional Extensions . 17
4.7.1. ISO 18629-41: Activities. 17
4.7.2. ISO 18629-42: Time and State. 18
4.7.3. ISO 18629-43: Ordering. 18
4.7.4. ISO 18629-44 Resource roles. 19
4.7.5. ISO 18629-45 Kinds of resource sets. 19
4.7.6. ISO 18629-46 Processor Activities . 20
4.7.7. ISO 18629-47 Process intent. 20
4.8. ISO 18629-2xx series Translator implementation guidelines . 20
5. Conformance testing methodology and framework . 20
5.1. Conformance of Applications with ISO 18629 . 20
5.2. Conformance of Ontologies with ISO 18629. 21
5.2.1. Conformance of user-defined extensions . 21
5.2.2. Conformance of external ontologies . 21
5.3. Conformance of future extensions. 21
5.3.1. Specification of Models. 21
5.3.2. Verification of the extensions. 22

Annex A (normative) ASN.1 Identifier of ISO 18629-1. 23
Annex B (informative) Background to the development of ISO 18629. 24
Annex C (informative) The Need for Semantics. 25
Annex D (informative) Interoperability . 28
Annex E (informative) Architecture of PSL . 32

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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
Bibliography. 36

Index. 37


Figures :
Figure D1: Interlingua Architecture – . 30
Figure D2: Interoperability and PSL . 31
Figure E1: The theories in the Outer Core of PSL. .33
Figure E2: Definitional extensions of PSL. 35

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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18629-1 was prepared by ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A complete list of parts of ISO 18629 is available from the Internet.
http://www.tc184-sc4.org/titles
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
Introduction

As the use of information technology in manufacturing has matured, the necessity for software
applications to inter-operate has become crucial to the conduct of business and operations in
organisations. To be competitive and maintain good economic performance, manufacturing
organisations need to employ increasingly effective and efficient systems. Such systems should result
in the seamless integration of manufacturing applications and exchange of manufacturing processes
between applications. Organisations should also be able to preserve and retrieve on demand the
knowledge contained in their business and operational processes, regardless of the applications used to
produce and handle these processes.

Many manufacturing engineering and business software applications use process information,
including manufacturing simulation, production scheduling, manufacturing process planning,
workflow, business process reengineering, product realisation process modelling, and project
management. However, each of these applications utilises process information in a different way, and
each representation of process information inherent to these applications is also different. Thus
interoperability is difficult to achieve. Consequently, these concerns have led to the development of a
process specification language (PSL) that complements the process representations utilised in
manufacturing engineering and business software applications. ISO 18629 provides a generic language
for process specifications applicable to a broad range of specific process representations in
manufacturing applications.

ISO 18629 provides semantics to the computer-interpretable exchange of information related to
manufacturing processes. Taken together, all the parts contained in ISO 18629 a language for
describing a manufacturing process throughout the entire production process within the same
industrial company or across several industrial sectors or companies, independently from any
particular representation model. The nature of this language makes it suitable for sharing process
information related to manufacturing during all the stages of a production process.

The process representations used by engineering and business software applications are influenced by
the specific needs and objectives of the applications. Therefore, the use of the process specification
language also varies from one application to another. A major purpose of the Process Specification
Language is to enable the interoperability of manufacturing processes between software applications
that utilise different process models and process representations. As a result of implementing process
interoperability, economies of scale are made in the integration of manufacturing applications.

This part and all other parts of ISO 18629 are independent of any specific process representation or
model used in a given application. Collectively, they provide a structural framework for
interoperability.

ISO 18629 describes what elements inter-operable systems should encompass, but not how a specific
application implements these elements. It is not the purpose of ISO 18629 to enforce uniformity in
manufacturing process representations. Objectives and design of software applications vary. Therefore
the implementation of an interoperable application must necessarily be influenced by the particular
objectives and processes of each specific application. This part of ISO 18629 provides an overview of
the principal concepts contained in ISO 18629, and guidance on selection and use of its parts.


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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)

Industrial automation systems and integration ―
Process specification language ―
Part 1:
Overview and basic principles

1. Scope

The scope of this part of ISO 18629 is the provision of an overview of the whole ISO 18629 and of
the main underlying principles of the Process Specification Language. This part of ISO 18629 also
specifies the characteristics of the various series of parts in ISO 18629 and the relationships among
them.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 18629:

 general overview of ISO 18629 and of the main principles used;
 structure of ISO 18629 and relationships between the series of parts of which this standard is
composed;
 definitions of terms used throughout ISO 18629;
 conformance criteria for process-related applications;
 conformance criteria for other ontologies;
 conformance criteria for parts of ISO 18629.
The scope of this part of ISO 18629 includes providing explanations addressing the following items:

 Annex B: Background to the development of ISO 18629;
 Annex C: Need for semantics;
 Annex D: Interoperability;
 Annex E: Architecture of PSL.
2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
  ISO/IEC 8824-1: Information technology ― Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification
of basic notation.
 ISO 10303-1: Industrial automation systems and integration ― Product data representation and
exchange ― Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles.
 ISO 10303-11: Industrial automation systems and integration ― Product data representation and
exchange ― Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual.
 ISO 15531-1: Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 1: General overview.
 ISO 15531-31: Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 31: Resource information model.
1)
 ISO 15531-32: ― Industrial automation systems and integration — Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 32: Conceptual information model for resources usage management
data.
2)
 ISO 15531-42:― Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing
management data ― Part 42: Manufacturing flow management data ― Time model.
3. Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1. Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1.1
axiom
well-formed formula in a formal language that provides constraints on the interpretation of symbols in
the lexicon of a language
3.1.2
conservative definition
definition that specifies necessary and sufficient conditions that a term shall satisfy and that does not
allow new inferences to be drawn from the theory
3.1.3
core theory
set of axioms for relation and function symbols that denote primitive concepts

1)
To be published
2)
 To be published
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
3.1.4
data
a representation of information in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or
processing by human beings or computers
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.5
defined lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote defined concepts
NOTE Defined lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
EXAMPLE  terms with conservative definitions.
3.1.6
definitional extension
extension of PSL-Core that introduces new linguistic items which can be completely defined in terms
of the PSL-Core
NOTE: Definitional extensions add no new expressive power to PSL-Core but are used to specify the
semantics and terminology in the domain application.
3.1.7
discrete manufacturing
production of discrete items

EXAMPLE Cars, appliances or computer.

[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.8
duration
length of a period of time, measured using a given unit of time

EXAMPLE 1 the 24 hours between Monday 1.00 p.m. and Tuesday 12.00 a.m.

EXAMPLE 2 every Monday of every week between January and July.

NOTE interval of time measures the distance between two points in time. In that case it is the length of the time
domain that is bounded by the two points in time under consideration.

[ISO 15531-42]

3.1.9
extension
augmentation of PSL-Core containing additional axioms
NOTE 1  The PSL-Core is a relatively simple set of axioms that is adequate for expressing a wide range of basic
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
processes. However, more complex processes require expressive resources that exceed those of the PSL-Core.
Rather than clutter the PSL-Core itself with every conceivable concept that might prove useful in describing one
process or another, a variety of separate, modular extensions need to be developed and added to the PSL-Core as
necessary. In this way a user can tailor the language precisely to suit his or her expressive needs.
NOTE 2  All extensions are core theories or definitional extensions.
3.1.10
grammar
specification of how logical symbols and lexical terms can be combined to make well-formed
formulae
3.1.11
information
facts, concepts, or instructions

3.1.12
language
combination of a lexicon and a grammar
3.1.13
lexicon
set of symbols and terms
NOTE The lexicon consists of logical symbols (such as Boolean connectives and quantifiers) and non-logical
symbols. For ISO 18629, the non logical part of the lexicon consists of expressions (constants, function symbols,
and relation symbols) chosen to represent the basic concepts of the ontology.
3.1.14
manufacturing
function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a
state of further completion

[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.15
manufacturing process
structured set of activities or operations performed upon material to convert it from the raw material or
a semifinished state to a state of further completion

NOTE Manufacturing processes may be arranged in process layout, product layout, cellular layout or fixed
position layout. Manufacturing processes may be planned to support make-to-stock, make-to-order, assemble-to-
order, etc., based on strategic use and placements of inventories.

[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.16
model
combination of a set of elements and a truth assignment that satisfies all well-formed formulae in a
theory
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
NOTE 1 The word "model" is used, in logic, in a way that differs from the way it is used in most scientific and
everyday contexts [7] : if a sentence is true in a certain interpretation, it is possible to say that the interpretation
is a model of the sentence. The kind of semantics presented here is often called model-theoretical semantics.
NOTE 2  A model is typically represented as a set with some additional structure (partial ordering, lattice, or
vector space). The model then defines meanings for the terminology and a notion of truth for sentences of the
language in terms of this model. Given a model, the underlying set of axioms of the mathematical structures used
in the set of axioms then becomes available as a basis for reasoning about the concepts intended by the terms of
the language and their logical relationships, so that the set of models constitutes the formal semantics of the
ontology.
3.1.17
ontology
a lexicon of specialised terminology along with some specification of the meaning of terms in the
lexicon
NOTE 1: structured set of related terms given with a specification of the meaning of the terms in a formal
language. The specification of meaning explains why and how the terms are related and conditions how the set
is partitioned and structured.
NOTE 2:  The primary component of a process specification language such as ISO 18629 is an ontology  The
primitive concepts is the ontology according to ISO 18629 are adequate for describing basic manufacturing,
engineering, and business processes.

NOTE 3:  The focus of an ontology is not only on terms, but also on their meaning. An arbitrary set of terms is
included in the ontology, but these terms can only be shared if there is an agreement about their meaning. It is
the intended semantics of the terms that is being shared, not simply the terms.
NOTE 4:  Any term used without an explicit definition is a possible source of ambiguity and confusion. The
challenge for an ontology is that a framework is needed for making explicit the meaning of the terms within it.
For the ISO 18629 ontology, it is necessary to provide a rigorous mathematical characterisation of process
information as well as a precise expression of the basic logical properties of that information in the ISO 18629
language.
3.1.18
Outer Core
set of core theories that are extensions of PSL-Core and that are so generic and pervasive in their
applicability that they have been put apart
NOTE  In practice, extensions incorporate the axioms of the Outer Core.
3.1.19
primitive concept
lexical term that has no conservative definition
3.1.20
primitive lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote primitive concepts
NOTE Primitive lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
3.1.21
process
structured set of activities involving various enterprise entities, that is designed and organised for a
given purpose
NOTE The definition provided here is very close to that given in ISO 10303-49. Nevertheless ISO 15531 needs
the notion of structured set of activities, without any predefined reference to the time or steps. In addition, from
the point of view of flow management, some empty processes may be needed for a synchronisation purpose
although they are not actually doing anything (ghost task).

[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.22
process planning
analysis and design of the sequences of processes, resources requirements, needed to produce goods
and services

NOTE This definition applies to discrete part manufacturing and continuous processes.

[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.23
product
a thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.24
product information
facts, concepts, or instructions about a product
[ISO 10303-1]
3.1.25
proof theory
set of theories and lexical elements necessary for the interpretation of the semantics of the language
NOTE  It consists of three components: the PSL-Core, the Outer Core and the extensions.
3.1.26
PSL-Core
set of axioms for the concepts of activity, activity-occurrence, time-point, and object
NOTE  The motivation for PSL-Core is any two process-related applications shall share these axioms in
order to exchange process information, and hence is adequate for describing the fundamental concepts of
manufacturing processes. Consequently, this characterisation of basic processes makes few assumptions about
their nature beyond what is needed for describing those processes, and the PSL-Core is therefore rather weak in
terms of logical expressiveness. In particular, PSL-Core is not strong enough to provide definitions of the many
auxiliary notions that become necessary to describe all intuitions about manufacturing processes.
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
3.1.27
resource
any device, tool and means, excepted raw material and final product components, at the disposal of the
enterprise to produce goods or services

NOTE 1  Resources as they are defined here include human resources considered as specific means with a given
capability and a given capacity. Those means are considered as being able to be involved in the manufacturing
process through assigned tasks. That does not include any modelling of an individual or common behaviour of
human resource excepted in their capability to perform a given task in the manufacturing process (e.g.:
transformation of raw material or component, provision of logistic services). That means that human resources
are only considered, as the other, from the point of view of their functions, their capabilities and their status (e.g.:
idle, busy). That excludes any modelling or representation of any aspect of individual or common «social»
behaviour.

NOTE 2 This definition includes ISO 10303-49 definition but is included in the definition that applies for ISO
18629-14 and ISO 18629-44 that includes raw materials and consumables.
[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.28
satisfiable
a set of sentences is satisfiable if there exists a model for the sentences
3.1.29
scheduling
act, function or result of planning occurrences of manufacturing activities

[ISO 15531-1]

3.1.30
structure
combination of a set of elements, a set of functions, and sets of tuples for each relation
3.1.31
theory
set of axioms and definitions that pertain to a given concept or set of concepts

NOTE this definition reflects the approach of artificial intelligence in which a theory is the set of assumptions on
which the meaning of the related concept is based.
3.1.32
translation definition
a KIF sentence of the form (iff P Q) in which P is a term in the application's non-logical lexicon and Q
uses only terminology from extensions in the ISO 18629 standard
NOTE iff is a KIF reserved word.
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ISO 18629-1 : 2004 (E)
3.2. Abbreviations
BNF Backus-Naur Formalism
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardisation)
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
ENV European Pre-standard
IDEF3 ICAM DEFinition language 3 Process description capture method
KIF Knowledge Interchange Format
JTC 1 Joint Technical Committee between ISO and IEC
MANDATE MANufacturing management DATa Exchange
MMS Manufacturing Message Services
MRP Material Requirement Planning
MRP II Manufacturing Resources Planning
P-LIB Parts Library
PSL Process Specification Language
STEP STandard for the Exchange of Product model data
UML Unified Modelling Language
NOTE  For further information, see [2]
XML EXtensible Mark-up Language
4. Overview of ISO 18629

4.1. ISO 18629 general
ISO 18629 specifies a language and ontology for the specification of processes, that is focused on, but
not limited to the realm of discrete processes related to manufacturing, including all processes in the
design and manufacturing life cycle. Business processes and manufacturing engineering processes are
included in this work both to as certain common aspects for process specification and to acknowledge
the current and future integration of business and engineering functions.

ISO 18629 addresses information dealing with manufacturing processes (see ISO 15531-1), and
...

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